{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:19:11Z","timestamp":1771676351501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002352","name":"Ain Shams University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T11:23:00Z","timestamp":1590751380000},"page":"116482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chitosan-calcium phosphate composite scaffolds for control of post-operative osteomyelitis: Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro\u2013in vivo evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Noha H.","family":"Radwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania A.H.","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nourtan F.","family":"Abdeltawab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gehanne A.S.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.04.096","article-title":"Injectable long acting chitosan\/tripolyphosphate microspheres for the intra-articular delivery of lornoxicam: Optimization and in vivo evaluation","volume":"149","author":"Abd-Allah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"5, Part B","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2015.02.014","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)\u2013calcium phosphate composite for potential tissue engineering applications","volume":"41","author":"Agyemang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ceramics International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(2001)58:3<295::AID-JBM1020>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"A novel amorphous calcium phosphate polymer ceramic for bone repair: I. Synthesis and characterization","volume":"58","author":"Ambrosio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0020","first-page":"963","article-title":"Preparation of nanocomposite via calcium phosphateformation in chitosan matrix using in situ precipitation approach","volume":"13","author":"Babaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0025","series-title":"Elsevier health sciences","article-title":"Theory and practice of histological techniques","author":"Bancroft","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328214535452","article-title":"Chitosan coating to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of calcium sulfate-based antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"29","author":"Beenken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4236\/ojinm.2012.21001","article-title":"Comparison of hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis of nano-particulate hydroxyapatite by characterisation at the bulk and particle level","volume":"2","author":"Bilton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Journal of Inorganic Non-metallic Materials"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-018-2342-x","article-title":"The performance of a scaffold bioglass\u2013chitosan in the treatment of bone defect","volume":"75","author":"Boulila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymer Bulletin"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.10.046","article-title":"Structural characterization of room-temperature synthesized nano-sized beta-tricalcium phosphate","volume":"25","author":"Bow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0050","first-page":"161","article-title":"The effective period of preventive antibiotic action in experimental incisions and dermal lesions","volume":"50","author":"Burke","year":"1961","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.04.028","article-title":"Incorporation of biphasic calcium phosphate microparticles in injectable thermoresponsive hydrogel modulates bone cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces B, Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.199","article-title":"Guided bone regeneration activity of different calcium phosphate\/chitosan hybrid membranes","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31878","article-title":"Design and characterization of a novel chitosan\/nanocrystalline calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone regeneration","volume":"88","author":"Chesnutt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2006.05.035","article-title":"Mechano-chemical synthesis and characterization of nanostructured \u03b2-TCP powder","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering C"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2003.10.013","article-title":"Chemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite\/poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) composites","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Materials Research Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0080","first-page":"50","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphate\/chitosan composites","volume":"12","author":"Dahlan","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.03.016","article-title":"Chitosan: A versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering","volume":"26","author":"Di Martino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.25.706","article-title":"Preparation and properties of chitosan\/calcium phosphate composites for bone repair","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dental Materials Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0095","first-page":"3489","article-title":"Design, characterization, and aerosolization of organic solution advanced spray-dried moxifloxacin and ofloxacin dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) microparticulate\/nanoparticulate powders for pulmonary inhalation aerosol delivery","volume":"8","author":"Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0100","first-page":"38","article-title":"Ceramic biocomposites as biodegradable antibiotic carriers in the treatment of bone infections","volume":"2","author":"Ferguson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Infectection"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2005.09.002","article-title":"Selective protein adsorption property and characterization of nano-crystalline zinc-containing hydroxyapatite","volume":"2","author":"Fujii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36453","article-title":"Chitosan\/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds functionalized with BMP-2-encapsulated nanoparticles and RGD for bone regeneration","volume":"106","author":"Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103162","article-title":"Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of moxifloxacin-amide-1,2,3-triazole-isatin hybrids","volume":"91","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.06.031","article-title":"Fast dissolving moxifloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic drug from electrospun Eudragit L-100 nonwoven nanofibrous Mats","volume":"92","author":"Giram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.042","article-title":"Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles: Optimization of formulation parameters for improving process yield at a novel pH using artificial neural networks","volume":"86","author":"Hashad","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.03.008","article-title":"Surface functionalization of methotrexate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid\/human serum albumin: Comparative characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity","volume":"522","author":"Hashad","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.098","article-title":"A porous collagen-carboxymethyl cellulose\/hydroxyapatite composite for bone tissue engineering by bi-molecular template method","volume":"137","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0140","first-page":"4293","article-title":"Improving effects of chitosan nanofiber scaffolds on osteoblast proliferation and maturation","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1155\/2004\/917656","article-title":"Molecular spectroscopy analysis of the substitution of bone tissue by HAp\/PLLA composite biomaterial","volume":"18","author":"Ignjatovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spectroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-018-0149-3","article-title":"Bioactive calcium phosphate materials and applications in bone regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials Research"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.173","article-title":"New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan\/collagen\/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC\/NHS","volume":"107","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610046082","article-title":"Moxifloxacin superior to vancomycin for treatment of bone infections--a study in rats","volume":"77","author":"Kalteis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.09.008","article-title":"Treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a synthetic carrier of calcium sulphate (Stimulan) releasing moxifloxacin","volume":"33","author":"Kanellakopoulou","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2018.01.068","article-title":"Enhancement of the dissolutionand bioavailability from freeze-dried powder of a hypocholesterolemic drug in the presence of Soluplus","volume":"329","author":"Khanfar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Powder Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.09.039","article-title":"Incorporation of chitosan-alginate complex into injectable calcium phosphate cement system as a bone graft material","volume":"94","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering C"},{"issue":"9431","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16727-5","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"364","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2010.03.011","article-title":"Formation of nano-hydroxyapatite crystal in situ in chitosan\u2013pectin polyelectrolyte complex network","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering C"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.09.062","article-title":"Chitosan-alginate hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34283","article-title":"In vitro bioactivity of different degree of deacetylation chitosan, a potential coating material for titanium implants","volume":"100A","author":"Lieder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2016.189","article-title":"Optimizing vancomycin release from calcium phosphate-based cement by carboxymethyl cellulose for prevention of osteomyelitis","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surgical Infections"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.02.023","article-title":"Long-term in vitro degradation behavior and biocompatibility of polycaprolactone\/cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite composite for bone tissue engineering","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dental Materials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.415","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of antibiotic diffusion from antibiotic-impregnated biodegradable beads and polymethylmethacrylate beads","volume":"41","author":"Mader","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.05.008","article-title":"In vitro elution of vancomycin from biodegradable osteoconductive calcium phosphate-polycaprolactone composite beads for treatment of osteomyelitis","volume":"62","author":"Makarov","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-010-4039-z","article-title":"In situ synthesis of calcium phosphate-polycaprolactone nanocomposites with high ceramic volume fractions","volume":"21","author":"Makarov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-014-3662-1","article-title":"The revised phase diagram of the Ca3(PO4)2\u2013YPO4 system. The temperature and concentration range of solid-solution phase fields","volume":"117","author":"Matraszek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33652","article-title":"Physico-chemical and in vitro cellular properties of different calcium phosphate-bioactive glass composite chitosan-collagen (CaP@ChiCol) for bone scaffolds","volume":"105","author":"Mooyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, Applied Biomaterials"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.01.022","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation on an injectable calcium phosphate-chitosan composite scaffold","volume":"30","author":"Moreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-016-0605-0","article-title":"Bioactive\/natural polymeric scaffolds loaded with ciprofloxacin for treatment of osteomyelitis","volume":"18","author":"Mostafa","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.1204-16","article-title":"Preparation and in vitro\/ex vivo evaluation of moxifloxacin-loaded PLGA nanosuspensions for ophthalmic application","volume":"81","author":"Mudgil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientia Pharmaceutica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22297","article-title":"A reliable predictive factorial model for entrapment optimization of a sodium bisphosphonate into biodegradable microspheres","volume":"100","author":"Nasr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.07.010","article-title":"Different modalities of NaCl osmogen in biodegradable microspheres for bone deposition of risedronate sodium by alveolar targeting","volume":"79","author":"Nasr","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics: Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0260","first-page":"S69","article-title":"Preparation, analysis, and characterization of carbonated apatites","volume":"34","author":"Nelson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v029a04","article-title":"A biodegradable gentamicin-hydroxyapatite-coating for infection prophylaxis in cementless hip prostheses","volume":"29","author":"Neut","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Cells & Materials"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans.47.2980","article-title":"The formation and characterization of nanocrystalline phases by mechanical milling of biphasic calcium phosphate\/poly-L-lactide biocomposite","volume":"47","author":"Nikcevic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Materials Transactions"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/122.5.410","article-title":"Experimental Osteomyelitis. I. A Description of the Model","volume":"122","author":"Norden","year":"1970","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21159","article-title":"Efficacy of moxifloxacin compared to teicoplanin in the treatment of implant-related chronic osteomyelitis in rats","volume":"28","author":"Ozturan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200805000-00007","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery","volume":"16","author":"Prokuski","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAAOS - Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0172-5","article-title":"Synthesis of composites SBA-15 mesoporous particles carrying oxytocin and evaluation of their properties, functions, and in vitro biological activities","volume":"71","author":"Qian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1532","article-title":"Antimicrobial biocompatible bioscaffolds for orthopaedic implants","volume":"8","author":"Qureshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s41779-017-0137-4","article-title":"Morphological, spectroscopic and crystallographic studies of calcium phosphate bioceramic powders","volume":"54","author":"Rafeek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0305","series-title":"Principles of regenerative medicine (Third edition)","first-page":"535","article-title":"Natural origin materials for bone tissue engineering: Properties, processing, and performance","author":"Raquel Maia","year":"2019"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.01.039","article-title":"Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer\/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"27","author":"Rezwan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4161\/org.23306","article-title":"Bone grafts, bone substitutes and orthobiologics: The bridge between basic science and clinical advancements in fracture healing","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.025","article-title":"Nebulizable colloidal nanoparticles co-encapsulating a COX-2 inhibitor and a herbal compound for treatment of lung cancer","volume":"103","author":"Said-Elbahr","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics: Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1039\/C6BM00903D","article-title":"Calcium phosphate bone cement\/mesoporous bioactive glass composites for controlled growth factor delivery","volume":"5","author":"Schumacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0330","first-page":"5593","article-title":"Biocompatibility of chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with osteoblast cells","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150314","article-title":"Characterization of a rabbit model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis","volume":"15","author":"Smeltzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.041","article-title":"Efficacy of intramuscular moxifloxacin in the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"50","author":"Soranoglou","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/189839","article-title":"Growth and characterization of agar gel grown brushite crystals","volume":"2014","author":"Suryawanshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Materials Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0350","first-page":"51","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite\/chitosan composites","author":"Szatkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32502","article-title":"Biomimetic chitosan-calcium phosphate composites with potential applications as bone substitutes: Preparation and characterization","volume":"100","author":"Tanase","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research B: Applied Biomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210402","article-title":"Intraoperative loading of calcium phosphate-coated implants with gentamicin prevents experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2004.03.016","article-title":"Study of the depolymerization behavior of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide","volume":"57","author":"Tian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2014.01.058","article-title":"Fabrication and evaluation of (PVA\/HAp\/PCL) bilayer composites as potential scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration application","volume":"40","author":"Uma Maheshwari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ceramics International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2014010920","article-title":"Nanostructured platforms for the sustained and local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis","volume":"32","author":"Uskokovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.05.010","article-title":"Gentamycin delivered from a PDLLA coating of metallic implants","volume":"41","author":"Vester","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.3390\/polym7091488","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of vancomycin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2013.01.038","article-title":"Vancomycin\u2013chitosan composite deposited on post porous hydroxyapatite coated Ti6Al4V implant for drug controlled release","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering C"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10312","article-title":"Calcium phosphate\/chitosan composite scaffolds for controlled in vitro antibiotic drug release","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.71.BJR-2017-0129.R2","article-title":"Treatment of osteomyelitis defects by a vancomycin-loaded gelatin\/\u03b2-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone & Joint Research"}],"container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0144861720306561?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0144861720306561?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T23:57:15Z","timestamp":1758931035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0144861720306561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S0144861720306561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8617","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chitosan-calcium phosphate composite scaffolds for control of post-operative osteomyelitis: Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro\u2013in vivo evaluation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Carbohydrate Polymers","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116482","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116482"}}