{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:22:51Z","timestamp":1792182171201,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646438400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014184","name":"R\u00e9gion Occitanie Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014184","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T17:51:30Z","timestamp":1614016290000},"page":"117578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Low-energy electron beam sterilization of solid alginate and chitosan, and their polyelectrolyte complexes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"261","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-3520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maylis","family":"Farno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Lamarche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5935-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Tenailleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Cavali\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Duployer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cussac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Parini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Sallerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8913-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Girod Fullana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/20163208027","article-title":"La biopile enzymatique \u00e0 glucose\/oxyg\u00e8ne : Quelques nuances de Grays\u2026","volume":"32","author":"Alcaraz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medecine\/Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0010","series-title":"Radiation effects on agar alginates and carrageenan to be used as food additives","author":"Aliste","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.10.029","article-title":"Gamma sterilization of diclofenac sodium loaded- N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles for ophthalmic use","volume":"157","author":"Asasutjarit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118692","article-title":"Alginate-chitosan PEC scaffolds: A useful tool for soft tissues cell therapy","volume":"571","author":"Bushkalova","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-019-6318-7","article-title":"Overview of natural hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications","volume":"30","author":"Catoira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.10.027","article-title":"Evaluation of polyelectrolyte complex-based scaffolds for mesenchymal stem cell therapy in cardiac ischemia treatment","volume":"10","author":"Ceccaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2007.00451.x","article-title":"Inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli by pulsed electron beam","volume":"72","author":"Chalise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2007.04.013","article-title":"Chemical-radiation degradation of natural oligoamino-polysaccharides for agricultural application","volume":"76","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0045","series-title":"Applications of ionizing radiation in materials processing","article-title":"Radiation modification of polysaccharides and their composites \/ nanocomposites","author":"Ciesla","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2012.12.009","article-title":"Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue engineering","volume":"49","author":"Croisier","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Polymer Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scient.2012.10.005","article-title":"Sharif University of Technology Synthesis and characterization of calcium alginate nanoparticles, sodium homopolymannuronate salt and its calcium nanoparticles","volume":"19","author":"Daemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientia Iranica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731416648810","article-title":"Sterilization techniques for biodegradable scaffolds in tissue engineering applications","volume":"7","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Tissue Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2016.08.007","article-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology Synthesis of peppermint oil-loaded chitosan\/alginate polyelectrolyte complexes and study of their antibacterial activity","volume":"35","author":"Deka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0070","first-page":"13","volume":"Vol. i","author":"Del Mastro","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0075","series-title":"Radiation-chemical transformation of chitosan","author":"Ershov","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2006.05.008","article-title":"Decontamination of gum Arabic with \u03b3-rays or electron beams and effects of these treatments on the material","volume":"65","author":"Farag Zaied","year":"2007","journal-title":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.11.003","article-title":"Enhancement of antioxidant activity of chitosan by irradiation","volume":"73","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0090","first-page":"2974","article-title":"Evaluation of three-dimensional porous chitosan \u2013 Alginate scaffolds in rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration applications","volume":"101A","author":"Florczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomaterials Research and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32964","article-title":"The effect of ethylene oxide sterilization on the surface chemistry and in vitro cytotoxicity of several kinds of chitosan","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review Article Sterilization of hydrogels for biomedical applications: A review rio Colac","author":"Galante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.06.032","article-title":"Design and properties of 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"42","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2018.04.008","article-title":"Low-energy electron-beam treatment as alternative for on-site sterilization of highly functionalized medical products \u2013 A feasibility study","volume":"150","author":"Gotzmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2009.03.081","article-title":"The mechanism of chitosan degradation by gamma and e-beam irradiation","volume":"78","author":"Gryczka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0120","series-title":"Advances in radiation chemistry of polymers","first-page":"33","article-title":"An overview of current developments in applied radiation chemistry of polymers","author":"Gueven","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0169-1","article-title":"The stiffness of living tissues and its implications for tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600640515","article-title":"Viscosities of Acacia and sodium alginate after sterilization by cobalt-60","volume":"64","author":"Hartman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2009.09.002","article-title":"D\u03bc-A new concept in industrial low-energy electron dosimetry","volume":"79","author":"Helt-Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1021\/bm000070y","article-title":"Solid state NMR for determination of degree of acetylation of chitin and chitosan","volume":"1","author":"Heux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-806X(99)00522-8","article-title":"Growth-promotion of plants with depolymerized alginates by irradiation","volume":"59","author":"Hien","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.3233\/BME-140994","article-title":"Effects of gamma irradiation and moist heat for sterilization on sodium alginate","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2013.05.010","article-title":"Thermal-crosslinked porous chitosan scaffolds for soft tissue engineering applications","volume":"33","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering C"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190903113004","article-title":"Natural polymers based hydrogels for cell culture applications","volume":"27","author":"Jose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"3\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-806X(01)00558-8","article-title":"Utilization of carbohydrates by radiation processing","volume":"63","author":"Kume","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8070481","article-title":"Marine algae polysaccharides as basis for wound dressings, drug delivery, and tissue engineering\u202f: A review","volume":"8","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0175","series-title":"Compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 bact\u00e9ricide de diff\u00e9rentes technologies de haute puissance puls\u00e9e","author":"Lamarche","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0180","series-title":"Bacteria inactivation by pulsed electron beam","author":"Lamarche","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0185","series-title":"Biomaterials science: An introduction to materials","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Sterilization of implants and devices","author":"Lambert","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1021\/bm070014y","article-title":"Interactions between alginate and chitosan biopolymers characterized using FTIR and XPS","volume":"8","author":"Lawrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003","article-title":"Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Progress in Polymer Science (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1021\/bp00001a008","article-title":"Effects of sterilization treatments on some properties of alginate solutions and gels","volume":"6","author":"Leo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biotechnology Progress"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.09.062","article-title":"Chitosan-alginate hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199823)43:3<282::AID-JBM9>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Irradiation of chitosan","volume":"43","author":"Lim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.017","article-title":"Recent development of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes with natural polysaccharides for drug delivery","volume":"64","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-8043(96)00236-9","article-title":"Gamma-sterilization-induced radicals in biodegradable drug delivery systems","volume":"47","author":"M\u00e4der","year":"1996","journal-title":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0225","series-title":"Enhancement of antimicrobial activity of chitosan by irradiation","first-page":"1","author":"Matsuhashi","year":"1997"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.008","article-title":"A comprehensive review on polyelectrolyte complexes","volume":"22","author":"Meka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.10.014","article-title":"Ethylene oxide sterilization of medical devices: A review","volume":"35","author":"Mendes","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2012.09.017","article-title":"Sterilization treatments on polysaccharides: Effects and side effects on pectin","volume":"31","author":"Munarin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(00)00070-7","article-title":"Radiation-induced degradation of sodium alginate","volume":"69","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Polymer Degradation and Stability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0250","series-title":"11137-2, 2006 61010-1 \u00a9 Iec:2001 \u00a7","author":"NF EN ISO 11137-2","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(02)00523-3","article-title":"Thermogravimetric and FTIR studies of chitosan blends","volume":"396","author":"Pawlak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thermochimica Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2174\/138920111794295684","article-title":"Regulatory influence of scaffolds on cell behavior: How cells decode biomaterials","volume":"12","author":"Pennesi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0265","unstructured":"Ph. Eur. 2.6.1. (2008)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/088532829501000204","article-title":"Sterilization of chitosan implications","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33544","article-title":"Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis","author":"Reed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02041021","article-title":"Radiation sterilization of chitosan sealant for vascular prostheses","volume":"159","author":"Rosiak","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2008.04.048","article-title":"Polyelectrolyte complex formation using alginate and chitosan","volume":"74","author":"S\u00e6ther","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0290","first-page":"2","article-title":"Degradation of chitosan-based materials after different sterilization treatments","volume":"31","author":"San Juan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2012.03.005","article-title":"Novel advances in the design of three-dimensional bio-scaffolds to control cell fate: Translation from 2D to 3D","volume":"30","author":"Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(96)00458-2","article-title":"Determination of the cation content of alginate thin films by FTi.r. spectroscopy","volume":"38","author":"Sartori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2012.03.025","article-title":"The antioxidant properties of oligo sodium alginates prepared by radiation-induced degradation in aqueous and hydrogen peroxide solutions","volume":"81","author":"Sen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2009.08.028","article-title":"Effect of G\/M ratio on the radiation-induced degradation of sodium alginate","volume":"79","author":"Sen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.3266","article-title":"Polysaccharide biomaterials for drug delivery and regenerative engineering","volume":"25","author":"Shelke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0320","first-page":"43","article-title":"Sterilization methods and the comparison of E-beam sterilization with gamma radiation sterilization","volume":"34","author":"Silindir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JMSM.0000021132.60475.79","article-title":"Influence of beta radiation sterilisation in properties of new chitosan\/soybean protein isolate membranes for guided bone regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0330","first-page":"877","article-title":"Terminal sterilization of alginate hydrogels: Efficacy and impact on mechanical properties","author":"Stoppel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6982738","article-title":"Long-term in vivo evaluation of chitosan nerve guide properties with respect to two different sterilization methods","volume":"2018","author":"St\u00f6\u00dfel","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6041285","article-title":"Alginate-based biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"issue":"October (2017","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.10.068","article-title":"Polyelectrolyte-complex multilayer membrane with gradient porous structure based on natural polymers for wound care","volume":"181","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2010.01.010","article-title":"A comparison of the microbicidal effectiveness of gamma rays and high and low energy electron radiations","volume":"79","author":"Tallentire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2013.04.007","article-title":"The effect of degree of deacetylation on the radiation induced degradation of chitosan","volume":"94","author":"Taskin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.06.021","article-title":"Towards a less biased dissolution of chitosan","volume":"935","author":"Thevarajah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0365","first-page":"22","article-title":"Influence of the sterilization process on alginate dispersions","author":"Vandenbossche","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.2789","article-title":"Application of diffusion-edited NMR spectroscopy for selective suppression of water signal in the determination of monomer composition in alginates","volume":"49","author":"Vil\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10382","article-title":"Chitosan-alginate PEC membrane as a wound dressing: Assessment of incisional wound healing","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2004.09.021","article-title":"Degradation of chitosan and sodium alginate by gamma radiation, sonochemical and ultraviolet methods","volume":"73","author":"Wasikiewicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(93)90065-Q","article-title":"Some chemical changes in chitosan induced by \u03b3-ray irradiation","volume":"41","author":"Wenwei","year":"1993","journal-title":"Polymer Degradation and Stability"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.08.069","article-title":"Design and fabrication of porous chitosan scaffolds with tunable structures and mechanical properties","volume":"177","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0395","first-page":"192","volume":"66","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3125","article-title":"Optimal \u03b3-ray dose and irradiation conditions for producing low-molecular-weight chitosan that retains its chemical structure","volume":"161","author":"Yoksan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.01.038","article-title":"Is there a cause-and-e ff ect relationship between physicochemical properties and cell behavior of alginate-based hydrogel obtained after sterilization?","volume":"68","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2008.06.026","article-title":"Effect of \u03b3-irradiation on the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan powder","volume":"29","author":"Zainol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering C"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-008-0017-4","article-title":"Effects of high-energy-pulse-electron beam radiation on biomacromolecules","volume":"51","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science in China Series B Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578_bib0420","first-page":"125","article-title":"Dose rate effect on LDPE cross-linking induced by electron beam irradiation","volume":"50","author":"Ziaie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nukleonika"}],"container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0144861720317513?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0144861720317513?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:11:13Z","timestamp":1758931873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0144861720317513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S0144861720317513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8617","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low-energy electron beam sterilization of solid alginate and chitosan, and their polyelectrolyte complexes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Carbohydrate Polymers","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117578","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117578"}}