{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:14:53Z","timestamp":1778670893821,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,5]],"date-time":"2027-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1804204800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-NR072327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR072327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-67017-27562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-67017-27562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1014913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1014913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:43:09Z","timestamp":1772178189000},"page":"125151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["In vitro mammalian intestine mucosal enzymatic digestion of starch spherulites formed from debranched waxy maize and high-amylose maize starches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"381","author":[{"given":"Myeongsu","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Cheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.04.035","article-title":"Evidence of native starch degradation with human small intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (recombinant)","volume":"581","author":"Ao","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8955","article-title":"Starch digestibility: Past, present, and future","volume":"100","author":"Bello-Perez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3945\/an.113.004325","article-title":"Resistant starch: Promise for improving human health","volume":"4","author":"Birt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0020","article-title":"Starch digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans","volume":"70","author":"Brownlee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Starch-St\u00e4rke"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10787","DOI":"10.1021\/jf402570e","article-title":"Self-assembly of short linear chains to A-and B-type starch spherulites and their enzymatic digestibility","volume":"61","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.054","article-title":"Surface binding sites in amylase have distinct roles in recognition of starch structure motifs and degradation","volume":"75","author":"Cockburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2015.11.006","article-title":"Polymer spherulites: A critical review","volume":"56","author":"Crist","year":"2016","journal-title":"Progress in Polymer Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062546","article-title":"Mammalian mucosal \u03b1-glucosidases coordinate with \u03b1-amylase in the initial starch hydrolysis stage to have a role in starch digestion beyond glucogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Dhital","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.922043","article-title":"Mechanisms of starch digestion by \u03b1-amylase\u2014Structural basis for kinetic properties","volume":"57","author":"Dhital","year":"2017","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122070","article-title":"Changes in the structure and enzyme binding of starches during in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis using mammalian mucosal enzyme mixtures","volume":"335","author":"Jo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133439","article-title":"Influence of starch spherulites with different allomorphs and morphologies on reducing gastrointestinal digestibility in bread","volume":"274","author":"Jo","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11966","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b03547","article-title":"Sabatier principle for interfacial (heterogeneous) enzyme catalysis","volume":"8","author":"Kari","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2015.11.027","article-title":"Spherulitic self-assembly of debranched starch from aqueous solution and its effect on enzyme digestibility","volume":"55","author":"Kiatponglarp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/star.201500017","article-title":"Determination of total dietary fibre and available carbohydrates: A rapid integrated procedure that simulates in vivo digestion","volume":"67","author":"McCleary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Starch-St\u00e4rke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-070620-013937","article-title":"Food matrix effects for modulating starch bioavailability","volume":"12","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annual Review of Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112732","article-title":"Adult and elderly in vitro digestibility patterns of proteins and carbohydrates as affected by different commercial bread types","volume":"167","author":"Moretton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0237170100","article-title":"The maltase-glucoamylase gene: Common ancestry to sucrase-isomaltase with complementary starch digestion activities","volume":"100","author":"Nichols","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(01)00353-8","article-title":"Spherulitic crystallization of gelatinized maize starch and its fractions","volume":"49","author":"Nordmark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(02)00192-1","article-title":"Structural features of non-granular spherulitic maize starch","volume":"337","author":"Nordmark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Research"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8643","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03678","article-title":"Inhibition of human and rat sucrase and maltase activities to assess antiglycemic potential: Optimization of the assay using acarbose and polyphenols","volume":"65","author":"Pyner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16098","article-title":"Inhibition of \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase by Morus australis fruit extract and its components iminosugar, anthocyanin, and glucose","volume":"87","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122332","article-title":"Effects of crystallization temperature on structure and digestibility of spherulites formed from debranched high-amylose maize starch","volume":"342","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.127","article-title":"Structure, birefringence and digestibility of spherulites produced from debranched waxy maize starch","volume":"183","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0120","series-title":"Resistant starch: Sources, applications and health benefits","author":"Shi","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001856","article-title":"Starch malabsorption in infants","volume":"66","author":"Shulman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093799","article-title":"Interfacial catalysis during amylolytic degradation of starch granules: Current understanding and kinetic approaches","volume":"28","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6887","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2022.2126854","article-title":"Research progress on debranched starch: Preparation, characterization, and application","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Reviews International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109162","article-title":"An enzymatic approach to quantify branching on the surface of starch granules by interfacial catalysis","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.4c00932","article-title":"Applying the Sabatier principle to decipher the surface-structure-dependent catalysis of different starch granules by pullulanase","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.05.062","article-title":"Binding interactions of \u03b1-amylase with starch granules: The influence of supramolecular structure and surface area","volume":"86","author":"Warren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151_bb0155","article-title":"Enzyme-resistant starch spherulites","volume":"72","author":"Ziegler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Starch-St\u00e4rke"}],"container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0144861726002675?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0144861726002675?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T10:37:22Z","timestamp":1778668642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0144861726002675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0144861726002675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8617","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In vitro mammalian intestine mucosal enzymatic digestion of starch spherulites formed from debranched waxy maize and high-amylose maize starches","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Carbohydrate Polymers","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125151","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125151"}}