{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:49:40Z","timestamp":1790614180596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can Assoc Radiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The radiologist has a number of roles not only in diagnosing but also in treating osteoporosis. Radiologists diagnose fragility fractures with all imaging modalities, which includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating radiologically occult insufficiency fractures, but also lateral chest radiographs showing asymptomatic vertebral fractures. In particular MRI fragility fractures may have a nonspecific appearance and the radiologists needs to be familiar with the typical locations and findings, to differentiate these fractures from neoplastic lesions. It should be noted that radiologists do not simply need to diagnose fractures related to osteoporosis but also to diagnose those fractures which are complications of osteoporosis related pharmacotherapy. In addition to using standard radiological techniques radiologists also use dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) to quantitatively assess bone mineral density for diagnosing osteoporosis or osteopenia as well as to monitor therapy. DXA measurements of the femoral neck are also used to calculate osteoporotic fracture risk based on the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) score, which is universally available. Some of the new technologies such as high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and MR spectroscopy allow assessment of bone architecture and bone marrow composition to characterize fracture risk. Finally radiologists are also involved in the therapy of osteoporotic fractures by using vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and sacroplasty. This review article will focus on standard techniques and new concepts in diagnosing and managing osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2015.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]],"date-time":"2015-06-22T22:03:31Z","timestamp":1435010611000},"page":"28-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Radiology of Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Link","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001086"},{"key":"bibr2-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0707493"},{"key":"bibr3-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.04.075"},{"key":"bibr4-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1253-y"},{"key":"bibr5-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2314-z"},{"key":"bibr6-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68891-0"},{"key":"bibr7-j.carj.2015.02.002","volume-title":"Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the Surgeon-General U.S. Department of Health and Human Services OotSG","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr8-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050218"},{"key":"bibr9-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070078"},{"key":"bibr10-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.2.1820297"},{"key":"bibr11-j.carj.2015.02.002","unstructured":"MuellerD. IsbaryM. BoehmH. BauerJ. RummenyE. LinkT. Recognition of Osteoporosis-Related Vertebral Fractures on Chest Radiographs in Postmenopausal Women 2004 RSNA Chicago, IL 305"},{"key":"bibr12-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-0920-2"},{"key":"bibr13-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.08.028"},{"key":"bibr14-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2006.05.006"},{"key":"bibr15-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.12.007"},{"key":"bibr16-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915"},{"key":"bibr17-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3714"},{"key":"bibr18-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15246090152563588"},{"key":"bibr19-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1666"},{"key":"bibr20-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B6.7983111"},{"key":"bibr21-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12110462"},{"key":"bibr22-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.01.055"},{"key":"bibr23-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200006000-00013"},{"key":"bibr24-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066878"},{"key":"bibr25-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.253"},{"key":"bibr26-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1998"},{"key":"bibr27-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-013-0167-y"},{"key":"bibr28-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.02.632"},{"key":"bibr29-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1583-2"},{"key":"bibr30-j.carj.2015.02.002","unstructured":"WHO Technical Report: Assessment of Fracture Risk and Its Application to Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Report of a WHO Study Group 1994 World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"bibr31-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2009.03.098"},{"key":"bibr32-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0689-9"},{"key":"bibr33-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1845-0"},{"key":"bibr34-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:5:3S:S29"},{"key":"bibr35-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.05.002"},{"key":"bibr36-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67867-1"},{"key":"bibr37-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-1033-8"},{"key":"bibr38-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0543-5"},{"key":"bibr39-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.01.373"},{"key":"bibr40-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2014.04.119"},{"key":"bibr41-j.carj.2015.02.002","author":"American College of Radiology Society for Pediatric Radiology Society of Skeletal Radiology","year":"2013","journal-title":"Densitometry"},{"key":"bibr42-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1845-0"},{"key":"bibr43-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.12.010"},{"key":"bibr44-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031975"},{"key":"bibr45-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02678144"},{"key":"bibr46-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01626604"},{"key":"bibr47-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1409-9"},{"key":"bibr48-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:4:2:083"},{"key":"bibr49-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.04.074"},{"key":"bibr50-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-005-0260-z"},{"key":"bibr51-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1258"},{"key":"bibr52-j.carj.2015.02.002","first-page":"S450","volume":"23","author":"Burghardt A.J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"bibr53-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0913-2"},{"key":"bibr54-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.02.015"},{"key":"bibr55-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-013-0140-9"},{"key":"bibr56-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.091104","volume":"25","author":"Burghardt A.J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"bibr57-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.92"},{"key":"bibr58-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.319"},{"key":"bibr59-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.157"},{"key":"bibr60-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1763"},{"key":"bibr61-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0070"},{"key":"bibr62-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2363041425"},{"key":"bibr63-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2413051858"},{"key":"bibr64-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20367"},{"key":"bibr65-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-2-201007200-00262"},{"key":"bibr66-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2008.828"},{"key":"bibr67-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.12.011"},{"key":"bibr68-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040304"},{"key":"bibr69-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.7.1261"},{"key":"bibr70-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15325-1"},{"key":"bibr71-j.carj.2015.02.002","author":"Rosenbaum B.P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"bibr72-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100425"},{"key":"bibr73-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60954-3"},{"key":"bibr74-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60010-6"},{"key":"bibr75-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244639.71656.7d"},{"key":"bibr76-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2441-6"},{"key":"bibr77-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.05.038"},{"key":"bibr78-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B5.0840748"},{"key":"bibr79-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000061987.71624.17"},{"key":"bibr80-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000142469.41565.2a"},{"key":"bibr81-j.carj.2015.02.002","first-page":"162","volume":"102","author":"Angtuaco E.E.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ark Med Soc"},{"key":"bibr82-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000172182.35619.d1"},{"key":"bibr83-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61976-9"},{"key":"bibr84-j.carj.2015.02.002","first-page":"1003","volume":"24","author":"Pommersheim W.","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr85-j.carj.2015.02.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4027"}],"container-title":["Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0846537115000145?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0846537115000145?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.carj.2015.02.002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.carj.2015.02.002","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.carj.2015.02.002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1777384522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.carj.2015.02.002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.carj.2015.02.002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carj.2015.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0846-5371","1488-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0846-5371","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}}}