{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:45:32Z","timestamp":1782481532136,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,17]],"date-time":"2009-04-17T08:48:00Z","timestamp":1239958080000},"page":"e113-e117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cellular pathology of mitral valve prolapse"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Prunotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe Primo","family":"Caimmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Bongiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.4.6.827","article-title":"Ischemic mitral regurgitation: pathophysiology, diagnosis and surgical treatment","volume":"4","author":"Paparella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib2","series-title":"The heart","first-page":"555","author":"Schoen","year":"2004"},{"issue":"8252","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91400-8","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease unabated in developing countries","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199607000-00024","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse","volume":"85","author":"Hanson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200106000-00006","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse: a review of the literature","volume":"321","author":"Jacobs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907013410101","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse","volume":"341","author":"Freed","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02161-7","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse in the general population: the benign nature of echocardiographic features in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"40","author":"Freed","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib8","first-page":"536","article-title":"Ischemic mitral regurgitation: when and how should it be corrected?","volume":"2","author":"Dion","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib9","series-title":"Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation","first-page":"751","author":"Gorman","year":"2003"},{"issue":"9458","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70275-0","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse","volume":"365","author":"Hayek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib11","first-page":"600","article-title":"The pathophysiology of mitral regurgitation","volume":"9","author":"Carabello","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp003331","article-title":"Clinical practice. Evaluation and management of chronic mitral regurgitation","volume":"345","author":"Otto","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib13","series-title":"Cardiac Surgical Pathology","first-page":"119","author":"Schoen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib14","series-title":"Interventional and Surgical Cardiovascular Pathology: Clinical Correlations and Basic Principles","author":"Schoen","year":"1989"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099489","article-title":"Activated interstitial myofibroblasts express catabolic enzymes and mediate matrix remodeling in myxomatous heart valves","volume":"104","author":"Rabkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90397-6","article-title":"Abnormalities in elastic fibers and other connective-tissue components of floppy mitral valve","volume":"129","author":"Tamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib17","first-page":"325","article-title":"Myxomatous mitral valve chordae: II. Selective elevation of glycosaminoglycan content","volume":"10","author":"Grande-Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01584-4","article-title":"Fibrillin and other matrix proteins in mitral valve prolapse syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Nasuti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000224114.65109.4e","article-title":"Extracellular matrix remodeling and organization in developing and diseased aortic valves","volume":"98","author":"Hinton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2190451","article-title":"Collagen composition of normal and myxomatous human mitral heart valves","volume":"219","author":"Cole","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2440597","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of individual normal, floppy and rheumatic human mitral valves","volume":"244","author":"Lis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib22","article-title":"Abundance and location of proteoglycans and hyaluronan within normal and myxomatous mitral valves","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwg029","article-title":"Purification and molecular identification of the human hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.5.523","article-title":"Versican expression is associated with chamber specification, septation, and valvulogenesis in the developing mouse heart","volume":"83","author":"Henderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20838","article-title":"Proteolytic cleavage of versican during cardiac cushion morphogenesis","volume":"235","author":"Kern","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E05-10-0951","article-title":"Versican mediates mesenchymal\u2013epithelial transition","volume":"17","author":"Sheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(01)00109-0","article-title":"Advances towards understanding heart valve response to injury","volume":"11","author":"Durbin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(66)90179-7","article-title":"Aneurysmal protrusion of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. An auscultatory-electrocardiographic syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Barlow","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.1.121","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse: a consistent manifestation of type IV Ehlers\u2013Danlos syndrome. The pathogenetic role of the abnormal production of type III collagen","volume":"64","author":"Jaffe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0492","article-title":"A point mutation creating an extra N-glycosylation site in fibrillin-1 results in neonatal Marfan syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Lonnqvist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"220-6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib31","article-title":"Un cas de d\u00e9formation cong\u00e9nitale des quatre membres, plus prononc\u00e9e aux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s, charact\u00e9ris\u00e9e par l\u2019allongement des os, avec un certain degr\u00e9 d\u2019amincissement","volume":"13","author":"Marfan","year":"1896","journal-title":"Bull Mem Soc Med Hop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960424)62:4<417::AID-AJMG15>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome","volume":"62","author":"De Paepe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01277.x","article-title":"Clinical, pathological and molecular genetic findings in a case of neonatal Marfan syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Bresters","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422715","article-title":"TGF-beta-dependent pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Ng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200608167","article-title":"Fibrillin-1 regulates the bioavailability of TGFbeta1","volume":"176","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30068","article-title":"Recent progress towards a molecular understanding of Marfan syndrome","volume":"139","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib37","first-page":"231","article-title":"Cell biology of valvular interstitial cells","volume":"12","author":"Mulholland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070112","article-title":"The myofibroblast: one function, multiple origins","volume":"170","author":"Hinz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib39","first-page":"841","article-title":"Dynamic and reversible changes of interstitial cell phenotype during remodeling of cardiac valves","volume":"13","author":"Rabkin-Aikawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10251","article-title":"Endothelium and valvular diseases of the heart","volume":"60","author":"Leask","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsc Res Techn"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2005.08.005","article-title":"CD117-positive cells and mast cells in adult human cardiac valves\u2014observations and implications for the creation of bioengineered grafts","volume":"15","author":"Veinot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2005.02.001","article-title":"CD34+ fibrocytes in normal mitral valves and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration","volume":"201","author":"Barth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib43","first-page":"235","article-title":"Aortic and mitral valve disease induced by ergotamine therapy for migraine: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Hendrikx","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901","article-title":"Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine","volume":"337","author":"Connolly","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-1555-AAMFPV","article-title":"Aortic and mitral fenfluramine-phentermine valvulopathy in 64 patients treated with anorectic agents","volume":"125","author":"Volmar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.126733","article-title":"Effect of fenfluramine-derivative diet pills on cardiac valves: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"144","author":"Sachdev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.4065\/77.12.1280","article-title":"Valvular heart disease in patients taking pergolide","volume":"77","author":"Pritchett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64489-6","article-title":"Serotonin mechanisms in heart valve disease: I. Serotonin-induced up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 via G-protein signal transduction in aortic valve interstitial cells","volume":"161","author":"Jian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1086\/302624","article-title":"Mapping of a first locus for autosomal dominant myxomatous mitral-valve prolapse to chromosome 16p11.2-p12.1","volume":"65","author":"Disse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1086\/375452","article-title":"A locus for autosomal dominant mitral valve prolapse on chromosome 11p15.4","volume":"72","author":"Freed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.516930","article-title":"New locus for autosomal dominant mitral valve prolapse on chromosome 13: clinical insights from genetic studies","volume":"112","author":"Nesta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.622621","article-title":"Mutations in the gene encoding filamin A as a cause for familial cardiac valvular dystrophy","volume":"115","author":"Kyndt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm809","article-title":"Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling","volume":"3","author":"Tomasek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080365","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta regulates in vitro heart valve repair by activated valve interstitial cells","volume":"173","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.11.005","article-title":"Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts: their source, function and role in disease","volume":"39","author":"McAnulty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2006.05.001","article-title":"New frontiers in the pathology and therapy of heart valve disease: 2006 Society for Cardiovascular Pathology, Distinguished Achievement Award Lecture, United States-Canadian Academy of Pathology, Atlanta, GA, February 12, 2006","volume":"15","author":"Schoen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1054880709000271?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1054880709000271?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T06:37:29Z","timestamp":1633329449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1054880709000271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1054880709000271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-8807"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-8807","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}