{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T06:43:56Z","timestamp":1794033836605,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL131872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL131872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-HL007854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-HL007854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL122805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL122805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T11:51:44Z","timestamp":1578397904000},"page":"107196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative pathology of human and canine myxomatous mitral valve degeneration: 5HT and TGF-\u03b2 mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Oyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2173-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry A.","family":"Loughran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Kossar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2213-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estibaliz","family":"Castillero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9540","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69208-8","article-title":"Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study","volume":"368","author":"Nkomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00201-X","article-title":"A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: the euro heart survey on valvular heart disease","volume":"24","author":"Iung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.11.008","article-title":"Functional anatomy and pathophysiologic principles in mitral regurgitation: non-invasive assessment","volume":"60","author":"Marechaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.44.6.621","article-title":"Primary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves. Clinical, pathological, haemodynamic, and echocardiographic profile","volume":"44","author":"Rippe","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib5","first-page":"103","article-title":"Pathology of myxomatous mitral valve disease in the dog","volume":"14","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/4.1.61","article-title":"Heart valve changes common to man and dog: a comparative study","volume":"4","author":"Pomerance","year":"1970","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet105","article-title":"Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"14","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)90059-6","article-title":"Reconsideration of echocardiographic standards for mitral valve prolapse: lack of association between leaflet displacement isolated to the apical four chamber view and independent echocardiographic evidence of abnormality","volume":"11","author":"Levine","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.017","article-title":"Gross and histological features of excised portions of posterior mitral leaflet in patients having operative repair of mitral valve prolapse and comments on the concept of missing (= ruptured) chordae tendineae","volume":"63","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006702","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathophysiology of mitral valve prolapse: new insights into disease progression, genetics, and molecular basis","volume":"129","author":"Delling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.12.33","article-title":"Ischemic mitral valve prolapse","volume":"8","author":"Nappi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2007.04.002","article-title":"Etiologic classification of degenerative mitral valve disease: Barlow's disease and fibroelastic deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Anyanwu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90402-3","article-title":"Billowing, floppy, prolapsed or flail mitral valves?","volume":"55","author":"Barlow","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907013410101","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse","volume":"341","author":"Freed","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.202","article-title":"Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in the adult","volume":"8","author":"Iung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib16","first-page":"93","article-title":"Historical review, epidemiology and natural history of degenerative mitral valve disease","volume":"14","author":"Borgarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb49421.x","article-title":"The prevalence and types of cardiovascular disease in dogs","volume":"127","author":"Detweiler","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1974.tb06529.x","article-title":"Observations on the effect of age on the severity of heart valve lesions in the dog","volume":"15","author":"Whitney","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16082","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms16082","article-title":"Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the Early Neolithic","volume":"8","author":"Botigu\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib20","first-page":"19","article-title":"Myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs: does size matter?","volume":"14","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-018-0066-8","article-title":"Longevity and mortality in Kennel Club registered dog breeds in the UK in 2014","volume":"5","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canine Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01803.x","article-title":"Heart disease as a cause of death in insured Swedish dogs younger than 10 years of age","volume":"20","author":"Egenvall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.12.315","article-title":"Echocardiographic mitral valve prolapse in Cavalier King Charles spaniels: epidemiology and prognostic significance for regurgitation","volume":"144","author":"Pedersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esr041","article-title":"Identification of 2 loci associated with development of myxomatous mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels","volume":"102","author":"Madsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hered"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.002","article-title":"Evaluation of genes associated with human myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs with familial myxomatous mitral valve degeneration","volume":"232","author":"Meurs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.11.007","article-title":"Mitral regurgitation in the 21st century","volume":"60","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0392.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of canine chronic valvular heart disease","volume":"23","author":"Atkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00860.x","article-title":"Survival characteristics and prognostic variables of dogs with preclinical chronic degenerative mitral valve disease attributable to myxomatous degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Borgarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.10.1194","article-title":"Mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass in small-breed dogs: 48 cases (2006-2009)","volume":"240","author":"Uechi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15488","article-title":"ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Keene","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H224","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00521.2005","article-title":"Correlation between heart valve interstitial cell stiffness and transvalvular pressure: implications for collagen biosynthesis","volume":"290","author":"Merryman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1529194","article-title":"Surface strains in the anterior leaflet of the functioning mitral valve","volume":"30","author":"Sacks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq153","article-title":"Anatomy of the mitral valve: understanding the mitral valve complex in mitral regurgitation","volume":"11","author":"McCarthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2017.01.009","article-title":"Myxomatous degeneration of the canine mitral valve: from gross changes to molecular events","volume":"156","author":"Markby","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017170004","article-title":"Fibrous skeleton of the heart: anatomic overview and evaluation of pathologic conditions with CT and MR imaging","volume":"37","author":"Saremi","year":"2017","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1616929","article-title":"Effects of a saddle shaped annulus on mitral valve function and chordal force distribution: an in vitro study","volume":"31","author":"Jimenez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.06.042","article-title":"Saddle shape of the mitral annulus reduces systolic strains on the P2 segment of the posterior mitral leaflet","volume":"88","author":"Padala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib38","first-page":"31","article-title":"Differentiating the aging of the mitral valve from human and canine myxomatous degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Connell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib39","first-page":"59","article-title":"Pathology, protein expression and signaling in myxomatous mitral valve degeneration: comparison of dogs and humans","volume":"14","author":"Aupperle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142145","article-title":"Heart valve structure and function in development and disease","volume":"73","author":"Hinton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566","article-title":"Heart valve development: regulatory networks in development and disease","volume":"105","author":"Combs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.03.014","article-title":"Valve proteoglycan content and glycosaminoglycan fine structure are unique to microstructure, mechanical load and age: relevance to an age-specific tissue-engineered heart valve","volume":"4","author":"Stephens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00724.x","article-title":"Heart valve biomechanics and underlying mechanobiology","volume":"6","author":"Ayoub","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2017.00083","article-title":"Mechanotransduction mechanisms in mitral valve physiology and disease pathogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Pagnozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.01.011","article-title":"Culture and characterisation of canine mitral valve interstitial and endothelial cells","volume":"204","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070251","article-title":"The emerging role of valve interstitial cell phenotypes in regulating heart valve pathobiology","volume":"171","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib47","article-title":"Valve interstitial cells: the key to understanding the pathophysiology of heart valve calcification","volume":"6","author":"Rutkovskiy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib48","first-page":"841","article-title":"Dynamic and reversible changes of interstitial cell phenotype during remodeling of cardiac valves","volume":"13","author":"Rabkin-Aikawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.07.001","article-title":"Mitral valvular interstitial cell responses to substrate stiffness depend on age and anatomic region","volume":"7","author":"Stephens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.846782","article-title":"Active adaptation of the tethered mitral valve","volume":"120","author":"Dal-Bianco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.03.008","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of human aortic valve interstitial cells activates inflammation and osteogenesis","volume":"86","author":"Babu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2007.02096.x","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in myxomatous change of cardiac floppy valves","volume":"57","author":"Togashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1307","article-title":"Genomic expression patterns of mitral valve tissues from dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease","volume":"67","author":"Oyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.11.011","article-title":"An immunohistochemical study of the role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in chronic mitral valvular disease (valvular endocardiosis) in dogs","volume":"180","author":"Aupperle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2009.01.001","article-title":"Expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in normal and diseased canine mitral valves","volume":"140","author":"Aupperle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib56","first-page":"7","article-title":"Signaling pathways in mitral valve degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Orton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt083","article-title":"TGF-beta signalling and reactive oxygen species drive fibrosis and matrix remodelling in myxomatous mitral valves","volume":"99","author":"Hagler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2017.12.014","article-title":"Serotonin receptor 2B signaling with interstitial cell activation and leaflet remodeling in degenerative mitral regurgitation","volume":"115","author":"Driesbaugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx092","article-title":"Serotonin and catecholamines in the development and progression of heart valve diseases","volume":"113","author":"Goldberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.01.009","article-title":"Structure and function of serotonin G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"150","author":"McCorvy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.03.008","article-title":"Serotonin receptors and heart valve disease-It was meant 2B","volume":"132","author":"Hutcheson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64497-5","article-title":"Serotonin mechanisms in heart valve disease II: the 5-HT2 receptor and its signaling pathway in aortic valve interstitial cells","volume":"161","author":"Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081101","article-title":"Fenfluramine disrupts the mitral valve interstitial cell response to serotonin","volume":"175","author":"Connolly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmy007","article-title":"The TGFbeta superfamily in cardiac dysfunction","volume":"50","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(03)00044-3","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta in cardiovascular development and function","volume":"14","author":"Azhar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.326","article-title":"TGF-beta signaling in vascular biology and dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Goumans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2005.06.007","article-title":"Activation of valvular interstitial cells is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta1 interactions with matrix molecules","volume":"24","author":"Cushing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080365","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta regulates in\u00a0vitro heart valve repair by activated valve interstitial cells","volume":"173","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib69","first-page":"44","article-title":"Autocrine serotonin and transforming growth factor 31 signaling mediates spontaneous myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"18","author":"Disatian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2008.05.007","article-title":"Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, -beta2 and -beta3 in normal and diseased canine mitral valves","volume":"139","author":"Aupperle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.10.003","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in advanced canine myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"97","author":"Moesgaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.03.020","article-title":"Alpha-smooth muscle actin and serotonin receptors 2A and 2B in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"100","author":"Cremer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12420","article-title":"Serotonin concentrations in platelets, plasma, mitral valve leaflet, and left ventricular myocardial tissue in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"28","author":"Cremer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0378.x","article-title":"Serum serotonin concentrations in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease","volume":"23","author":"Arndt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12137","article-title":"Serum serotonin concentration is associated with severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"27","author":"Ljungvall","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.6.520","article-title":"Plasma and serum serotonin concentrations and surface-bound platelet serotonin expression in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"76","author":"Cremer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-009-9046-2","article-title":"Dose dependency and reversibility of serotonin-induced valvular heart disease in rats","volume":"9","author":"Droogmans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib78","first-page":"400","article-title":"Circulating plasma and platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in carcinoid heart disease: a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.4.790","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease. Correlation of high serotonin levels with valvular abnormalities detected by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography","volume":"92","author":"Robiolio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1517\/14740330902931524","article-title":"Serotonergic drugs and valvular heart disease","volume":"8","author":"Rothman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib81","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure and risk of mitral regurgitation: a longitudinal cohort study of 5.5 million United Kingdom adults","volume":"14","author":"Sheikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2011.07.005","article-title":"Elevated cyclic stretch and serotonin result in altered aortic valve remodeling via a mechanosensitive 5-HT(2A) receptor-dependent pathway","volume":"21","author":"Balachandran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H756","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00900.2008","article-title":"Elevated cyclic stretch alters matrix remodeling in aortic valve cusps: implications for degenerative aortic valve disease","volume":"296","author":"Balachandran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090631","article-title":"Elevated cyclic stretch induces aortic valve calcification in a bone morphogenic protein-dependent manner","volume":"177","author":"Balachandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.03.084","article-title":"Aortic valve cyclic stretch causes increased remodeling activity and enhanced serotonin receptor responsiveness","volume":"92","author":"Balachandran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib86","first-page":"223","article-title":"Static and cyclic tensile strain induce myxomatous effector proteins and serotonin in canine mitral valves","volume":"14","author":"Lacerda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib87","first-page":"71","article-title":"Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 expression is increased in phenotype-altered canine and human degenerative myxomatous mitral valves","volume":"19","author":"Disatian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.03.044","article-title":"Comparison of plasma serotonin levels in patients with variant angina pectoris versus healed myocardial infarction","volume":"96","author":"Figueras","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02158-7","article-title":"The role of serotonin in ischemic cellular damage and the infarct size-reducing effect of sarpogrelate, a 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 receptor blocker, in rabbit hearts","volume":"40","author":"Shimizu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.2.194","article-title":"Effects of transforming growth factor-beta3 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 on the pathogenesis of chronic mitral valvular disease in dogs","volume":"72","author":"Obayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.02.021","article-title":"Gene network and canonical pathway analysis in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: a microarray study","volume":"204","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib92","article-title":"Comparative trancriptomic profiling and gene expression for myxomatous mitral valve disease in the dog and human","volume":"4","author":"Markby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1983","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00987.2011","article-title":"Local serotonin mediates cyclic strain-induced phenotype transformation, matrix degradation, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured sheep mitral valves","volume":"302","author":"Lacerda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2015.07.009","article-title":"TGF-beta1 pathway activation and adherens junction molecular pattern in nonsyndromic mitral valve prolapse","volume":"24","author":"Rizzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2012.11.001","article-title":"Emerging pathogenic mechanisms in human myxomatous mitral valve: lessons from past and novel data","volume":"22","author":"Hulin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.01.103","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta-2 mutations in Barlow\u2019s disease and aortic dilatation","volume":"104","author":"Disha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr337","article-title":"Metallothionein-dependent up-regulation of TGF-beta2 participates in the remodelling of the myxomatous mitral valve","volume":"93","author":"Hulin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22999","article-title":"Human myxomatous mitral valve prolapse: role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in valvular interstitial cell activation","volume":"227","author":"Sainger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib99","first-page":"S189","article-title":"Modulation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling and extracellular matrix production in myxomatous mitral valves by angiotensin II receptor blockers","volume":"126","author":"Geirsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.734","article-title":"Effect of losartan on mitral valve changes after myocardial infarction","volume":"70","author":"Bartko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib101","first-page":"244","article-title":"Interbreed variation in serum serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) concentration in healthy dogs","volume":"20","author":"H\u00f6glund","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.05.020","article-title":"Evaluation of chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2, serotonin, and vascular endothelial growth factor serum concentrations in healthy dogs from seven breeds with variable predisposition for canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"101","author":"Roels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.198","article-title":"Identification of surface morphologic changes in the mitral valve leaflets and chordae tendineae of dogs with myxomatous degeneration","volume":"65","author":"Corcoran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.8.860","article-title":"Platelet function and activation in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with subclinical chronic valvular heart disease","volume":"77","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib105","first-page":"515","article-title":"Dogs with heart diseases causing turbulent high-velocity blood flow have changes in platelet function and von Willebrand factor multimer distribution","volume":"19","author":"Tarnow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2004.01.008","article-title":"Giant platelet disorder in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel","volume":"32","author":"Cowan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13055.x","article-title":"Idiopathic thrombocytopenia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels","volume":"83","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.12.019","article-title":"Platelet derived serotonin drives the activation of rat cardiac fibroblasts by 5-HT2A receptors","volume":"46","author":"Yabanoglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.02.019","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease","volume":"129","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.4.1188","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients","volume":"87","author":"Pellikka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62328-8","article-title":"Surgical pathology of carcinoid heart disease: a study of 139 valves from 75 patients spanning 20 years","volume":"77","author":"Simula","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.05.003","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity of novel psychoactive drugs: lessons from the past","volume":"39","author":"Dawson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.03.005","article-title":"5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)-induced valvulopathy: compositional valvular alterations are associated with 5HT2B receptor and 5HT transporter transcript changes in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"60","author":"Elangbam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000159356.42064.48","article-title":"Long-term serotonin administration induces heart valve disease in rats","volume":"111","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm263","article-title":"In vivo model of drug-induced valvular heart disease in rats: pergolide-induced valvular heart disease demonstrated with echocardiography and correlation with pathology","volume":"28","author":"Droogmans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.06.035","article-title":"High-dose oral intake of serotonin induces valvular heart disease in rabbits","volume":"197","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-017-0298-x","article-title":"Elevated serotonin interacts with angiotensin-II to result in altered valve interstitial cell contractility and remodeling","volume":"9","author":"Perez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Eng Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04312-6","article-title":"Progression of aortic valve stenosis: TGF-beta1 is present in calcified aortic valve cusps and promotes aortic valve interstitial cell calcification via apoptosis","volume":"75","author":"Jian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64489-6","article-title":"Serotonin mechanisms in heart valve disease I: serotonin-induced up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 via G-protein signal transduction in aortic valve interstitial cells","volume":"161","author":"Jian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13981","article-title":"The role of 5-HT2B receptors in mitral valvulopathy: bone marrow mobilization of endothelial progenitors","volume":"174","author":"Ayme-Dietrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2012.08.012","article-title":"5-HT(2B) antagonism arrests non-canonical TGF-beta1-induced valvular myofibroblast differentiation","volume":"53","author":"Hutcheson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.09.152","article-title":"Heart valve cardiomyocytes of mouse embryos express the serotonin transporter SERT","volume":"377","author":"Pavone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-013-9606-8","article-title":"Distinct signaling pathways activated by \u201cextracellular\u201d and \u201cintracellular\u201d serotonin in heart valve development and disease","volume":"67","author":"Pavone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.554667","article-title":"Deficiency of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene leads to cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in mice","volume":"113","author":"Mekontso-Dessap","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.07.021","article-title":"Serotonin transporter gene deficiency is associated with sudden death of newborn mice through activation of TGF-beta1 signalling","volume":"47","author":"Pavone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib126","first-page":"163","article-title":"Serotonin transmembrane transporter is down-regulated in late-stage canine degenerative mitral valve disease","volume":"12","author":"Scruggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.12.016","article-title":"Serotonin markers show altered transcription levels in an experimental pig model of mitral regurgitation","volume":"203","author":"Cremer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66062621.x","article-title":"Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression","volume":"66","author":"Heils","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.09.020","article-title":"5-HTT, BMPR2, EDN1, ENG, KCNA5 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension: a meta-analysis","volume":"680","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8137","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i36.8137","article-title":"Regulation of the serotonin transporter in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527314666150713104619","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms might predict suicide attempts in mental disorder patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"de Medeiros Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord - Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib132","first-page":"A247","article-title":"The association of the 5HT transporter polymorphism LL-genotype with non-syndromic mitral valve prolapse requiring surgery at a younger age","volume":"37","author":"Driesbaugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arterio Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib133","first-page":"129","article-title":"Polymorphism in the serotonin transporter protein gene in Maltese dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705887","article-title":"Increased wakefulness, motor activity and decreased theta activity after blockade of the 5-HT2Breceptor by the subtype-selective antagonist SB-215505","volume":"142","author":"Kantor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.126","article-title":"Mice lacking the serotonin Htr2B receptor gene present an antipsychotic-sensitive schizophrenic-like phenotype","volume":"40","author":"Pitychoutis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5770","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123842","article-title":"Platelet-derived serotonin mediates liver regeneration","volume":"312","author":"Lesurtel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1864","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease","volume":"226","author":"Freeman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib138","first-page":"170","article-title":"Mouse models of human disease: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"2016","author":"Perlman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol Med Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.43.2.66","article-title":"The mousetrap: what we can learn when the mouse model does not mimic the human disease","volume":"43","author":"Elsea","year":"2002","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2013.03.024","article-title":"Mouse medicine and human biology","volume":"50","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1054880719303618?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1054880719303618?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:45:51Z","timestamp":1760960751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1054880719303618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":140,"alternative-id":["S1054880719303618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-8807"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-8807","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative pathology of human and canine myxomatous mitral valve degeneration: 5HT and TGF-\u03b2 mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cardiovascular Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.107196","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107196"}}