{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:17:05Z","timestamp":1785849425152,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T23:28:53Z","timestamp":1587166133000},"page":"107221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pathology of unexpected sudden cardiac death: Obstructive sleep apnea is part of the challenge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6982-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Ottaviani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Maximilian","family":"Buja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0001","series-title":"Sudden infant and perinatal unexplained death: the pathologist's viewpoint","article-title":"Crib death \u2013 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0002","series-title":"Linked birth\/infant death records, 2007\u20132017 results","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal and perinatal mortality: United States, 2013","volume":"64","author":"MacDorman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: a report from the American heart association","volume":"141","author":"Virani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107222","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: a single player for both conditions?","author":"Mormile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2016.08.005","article-title":"Anatomopathological changes of the cardiac conduction system in sudden cardiac death, particularly in infants: advances over the last 25 years","volume":"25","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.06.002","article-title":"Pathobiology of cardiovascular diseases: an update","volume":"42","author":"Buja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.234","article-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome and unclassified sudden infant deaths: a definitional and diagnostic approach","volume":"114","author":"Krous","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2016.00103","article-title":"Defining sudden infant death and sudden intrauterine unexpected death syndromes with regard to anatomo-pathological examination","volume":"4","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1816152","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in adults","volume":"380","author":"Veasey","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0833-4","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with class iii malocclusion: involvement of the phox2b gene","volume":"17","author":"Lavezzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.153","article-title":"Non-dipping pattern of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Wolf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV17032","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"26","author":"Yoshihisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-019-01066-x","article-title":"Etiology of aortic dissection","volume":"67","author":"Akutsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2009.10.002","article-title":"Relationship between sleep apnea syndrome and sleep blood pressure in patients without hypertension","volume":"55","author":"Sekizuka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv316","article-title":"2015 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death the task force for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the Europe","volume":"36","author":"Priori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2015.11.005","article-title":"The electrical heart: 25 years of discovery in cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmias and sudden death","volume":"25","author":"Saffitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(00)00035-1","article-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a study of cardiac conduction system","volume":"9","author":"Matturri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(03)00043-3","article-title":"Crib death: further support for the concept of fatal cardiac electrical instability as the final common pathway","volume":"92","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210900","article-title":"Association between pulmonary hypoplasia and hypoplasia of arcuate nucleus in stillbirth","volume":"23","author":"Matturri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2007.07.009","article-title":"Histopathology of the cardiac conduction system in sudden intrauterine unexplained death","volume":"17","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1179\/016164107X166308","article-title":"Biopathology of the dentate-olivary complex in sudden unexplained perinatal death and sudden infant death syndrome related to maternal cigarette smoking","volume":"29","author":"Lavezzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.032037","article-title":"Hypoplasia and neuronal immaturity of the hypoglossal nucleus in sudden infant death","volume":"59","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.020867","article-title":"Sudden infant death triggered by dive reflex","volume":"58","author":"Matturri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000113813.83779.21","article-title":"Study of the brainstem, particularly the arcuate nucleus, in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden intrauterine unexplained death (SIUD)","volume":"25","author":"Matturri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.080","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a longitudinal study of 10,701 adults","volume":"62","author":"Gami","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3070","article-title":"Serum inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Nadeem","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0028","first-page":"252","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines as risk factors for mortality after acute cardiac events","volume":"70","author":"Hamzic-Mehmedbasic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Arch (Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2018.10.009","article-title":"CO2-related vasoconstriction superimposed on ischemic medullary brain autonomic nuclei may contribute to sudden death","volume":"38","author":"Jaster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1054880720300259?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1054880720300259?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:45:42Z","timestamp":1760960742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1054880720300259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1054880720300259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-8807"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-8807","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathology of unexpected sudden cardiac death: Obstructive sleep apnea is part of the challenge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cardiovascular Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107221","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107221"}}