{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:14:38Z","timestamp":1780582478983,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Carbohydrate Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T02:29:47Z","timestamp":1729650587000},"page":"109296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bile acid conjugated chitosan nanoparticles promote the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"545","author":[{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp263","article-title":"The global burden of cancer: priorities for prevention","volume":"31","author":"Thun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA: a cancer journal for clinicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib3","article-title":"Projections of cancer mortality by 2025 in central China: a modeling study of global burden of disease 2019","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jncc.2024.01.006","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Center"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-014-9761-9","article-title":"Distinctive pharmacological differences between liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B","volume":"67","author":"Qiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111639","article-title":"Targeting the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1219054","article-title":"The application of nanomedicine in clinical settings","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib8","series-title":"Nanochemistry","first-page":"167","article-title":"Chapter 6 - polymer nanoparticles","author":"Klinkova","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041963","article-title":"Chitosan-based nanoparticles as effective drug delivery systems\u2014a review","volume":"28","author":"Jafernik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib10","article-title":"The use of nanotechnology to combat liver cancer: progress and perspectives","volume":"1876","author":"Mintz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Canc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10050870","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles for therapy and theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-targeting","volume":"10","author":"Bonferoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054289","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as oral drug carriers","volume":"24","author":"Guadarrama-Escobar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104849","article-title":"Preparation methods and applications of chitosan nanoparticles; with an outlook toward reinforcement of biodegradable packaging","volume":"161","author":"Yanat","year":"2021","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59702-3","article-title":"A sustainable green-approach for biofabrication of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization, its antifungal activity against phytopathogenic Fusarium culmorum and antitumor activity","volume":"14","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9652","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179652","article-title":"Advances in chitosan-based nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"22","author":"Miku\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.22.2647","article-title":"The continuing importance of bile acids in liver and intestinal disease","volume":"159","author":"Hofmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0920-5","article-title":"Cholic acid for primary bile acid synthesis defects: a life-saving therapy allowing a favorable outcome in adulthood","volume":"13","author":"Gonzales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1033145","article-title":"Deregulated bile acids may drive hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by inducing an immunosuppressive microenvironment","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s40139-012-0003-6","article-title":"Bile acid receptors and liver cancer","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current pathobiology reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(19970103)63:1<125::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Novel hydrophilic chitosan\u2010polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers","volume":"63","author":"Calvo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030502","article-title":"Mollification of doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated cardiotoxicity using conjugated chitosan nanoparticles with supplementation of propionic acid","volume":"12","author":"Siva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.03.039","article-title":"Ellagic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery system in human oral cancer cell line (KB)","volume":"110","author":"Arulmozhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04427-w","article-title":"Characterization of cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and rituximab-linked surfaces as target-specific injectable nano-formulations for combating cancer","volume":"12","author":"Sultan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.06.012","article-title":"Functionalization of silver and gold nanoparticles using amino acid conjugated bile salts with tunable longitudinal plasmon resonance","volume":"73","author":"Kasthuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2012.8076","article-title":"Comparison of cytotoxic activity of anticancer drugs against various human tumor cell lines using in vitro cell-based approach","volume":"8","author":"Florento","year":"2012","journal-title":"International journal of biomedical science: IJBS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520623666230810094755","article-title":"The cytotoxic and anti-tumor potential of methanolic extracts of Indian marine isolates in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"Shahjahan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anti Cancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-6-563","article-title":"Both FA-and mPEG-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for targeted cellular uptake and enhanced tumor tissue distribution","volume":"6","author":"Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2019.06.011","article-title":"How to evaluate the cellular uptake of CPPs with fluorescence techniques: dissecting methodological pitfalls associated to tryptophan-rich peptides","volume":"1861","author":"Seisel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.05.055","article-title":"Preparation of chitosan\/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles with highly tunable size and low polydispersity","volume":"157","author":"Sawtarie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041313","article-title":"Chitosan: a potential biopolymer in drug delivery and biomedical applications","volume":"15","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201600145","article-title":"Formulation and characterization studies of trimethyl chitosan\/sodium alginate nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery","volume":"1","author":"Marci","year":"2016","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6590","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076590","article-title":"Crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles with muco-adhesive potential for intranasal delivery applications","volume":"24","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.02.003","article-title":"Application of response surface method to evaluate the cytotoxic potency of Ulva fasciata Delile, a marine macro alga","volume":"21","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10030556","article-title":"Acid dye removal from aqueous solution by using neodymium (III) oxide nanoadsorbents","volume":"10","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2019.1687762","article-title":"Efficient eco-friendly approach towards bimetallic nanoparticles synthesis and characterization using Exiguobacterium aestuarii by statistical optimization","volume":"12","author":"Sandhya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14081537","article-title":"High-power laser deposition of chitosan polymers: medical and environmental applications","volume":"14","author":"Cocean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24303-5","article-title":"Green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization and antibacterial efficacy against multi drug resistant biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"12","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3390\/md20120733","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of salsalate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: in vitro release and antibacterial and antibiofilm activity","volume":"20","author":"Ganesan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib40","series-title":"Plant Nanobionics: Volume 1, Advances in the Understanding of Nanomaterials Research and Applications","first-page":"103","article-title":"Characterization methods for chitosan-based nanomaterials","author":"Choudhary","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5010\/JPB.2018.45.1.036","article-title":"Effect of chitosan and chitosan-nanoparticles on post harvest quality of banana fruits","volume":"45","author":"Lustriane","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plant Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57666-8","article-title":"Characterization of chitosan\/alginate\/lovastatin nanoparticles and investigation of their toxic effects in vitro and in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Thai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib43","article-title":"Alginate-based hydrogel containing taurine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in biomedical application","volume":"6","author":"Goodarzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.26446.1","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles of Achillea millefolium L. and their activities","volume":"9","author":"Kain","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07073-y","article-title":"An innovative green synthesis approach of chitosan nanoparticles and their inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves","volume":"12","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25726-w","article-title":"Innovative biosynthesis, artificial intelligence-based optimization, and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles by Streptomyces microflavus and their inhibitory potential against Pectobacterium carotovorum","volume":"12","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2043-6262\/7\/2\/025014","article-title":"Drug\u2013polymer interaction between glucosamine sulfate and alginate nanoparticles: FTIR, DSC and dielectric spectroscopy studies","volume":"7","author":"El-Houssiny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15193925","article-title":"Anticancer drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for in vitro release, promoting antibacterial and anticancer activities","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1021\/cg9005828","article-title":"Solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, and thermoanalytical studies towards the identification, isolation, and structural characterization of polymorphs in natural bile acids","volume":"9","author":"Nonappa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib50","first-page":"17080","article-title":"Amelioration of acute alcoholic liver injury via attenuating oxidative damage and modulating inflammation by means of ursodeoxycholic acid\u2013zein nanoparticles","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1039\/b001644f","article-title":"Specific complexation of ursodeoxycholic acid with guest compounds induced by co-grinding","volume":"2","author":"Oguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib52","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of unique sustain modified chitosan nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib53","article-title":"A comparison between plain eugenol and eugenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for prevention of in vitro selenite-induced cataractogenesis","volume":"65","author":"Anand","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-018-1342-1","article-title":"Single step fabrication of chitosan nanocrystals using Penaeus semisulcatus: potential as new insecticides, antimicrobials and plant growth promoters","volume":"29","author":"Thamilarasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cluster Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.33263\/LIANBS114.40614070","article-title":"Synthesis and physicochemical characteristics of chitosan extracted from Pinna deltoides","volume":"11","author":"Varma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10020057","article-title":"Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidic nanocarrier systems","volume":"10","author":"Danaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib57","series-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","article-title":"Enhancement of the stability of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Diospyros discolor Willd. leaves using polyvinyl alcohol","author":"Ardani","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1080\/14686996.2018.1517587","article-title":"Characterisation of particles in solution\u2013a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies","volume":"19","author":"Maguire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-023-00469-w","article-title":"Pore-engineered nanoarchitectonics for cancer therapy","volume":"15","author":"Sutrisno","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.9b01139","article-title":"Size-tunable strategies for a tumor targeted drug delivery system","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib61","series-title":"Thermal and Rheological Measurement Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chapter 1 - instrumental techniques for the characterization of nanoparticles","author":"Jose Chirayil","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-198-1_6","article-title":"Zeta potential measurement","volume":"697","author":"Clogston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib63","series-title":"Drug Targeting and Stimuli Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems","first-page":"749","article-title":"Chapter 20 - lipid nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo approaches in drug delivery and targeting","author":"Lu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib64","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles at the biological interface: implications for","volume":"13","author":"Aibani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S289008","article-title":"Nanotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on normal HEK-293 cells in comparison to cancerous HeLa cell line","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30911-6","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based optimization for chitosan nanoparticles biosynthesis, characterization and in-vitro assessment of its anti-biofilm potentiality","volume":"13","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37660-6","article-title":"Green fabrication of chitosan nanoparticles using Lavendula angustifolia, optimization, characterization and in-vitro antibiofilm activity","volume":"13","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3109\/21691401.2014.948548","article-title":"Advances in preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles for therapeutics","volume":"44","author":"Chandra Hembram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Artif. Cell Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16111561","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of Sida cordifolia extract: formulation, optimization and bioactivity assessment","volume":"16","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-017-1853-y","article-title":"Size, stability, and porosity of mesoporous nanoparticles characterized with light scattering","volume":"12","author":"Kaasalainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib71","first-page":"203","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles with sustained release property, retained antioxidant activity and enhanced bioavailability","volume":"10","author":"Nallamuthu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08674","article-title":"Drug release study of the chitosan-based nanoparticles","author":"Herdiana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1517\/17425241003602259","article-title":"Drug release kinetics and transport mechanisms of non-degradable and degradable polymeric delivery systems","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01283","article-title":"Bile acids and their derivatives as potential modifiers of drug release and pharmacokinetic profiles","volume":"9","author":"Pavlovi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib75","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"369","article-title":"Chapter 12 - the biliary tract","author":"Dworken","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib76","article-title":"Development of Forskolin and rutin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for enhancement of topical ocular delivery: optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and toxicity evaluation","volume":"82","author":"Dahiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201818666211005090656","article-title":"Formulation and characterization of rutin loaded chitosan-alginate nanoparticles: antidiabetic and cytotoxicity studies","volume":"19","author":"Surendran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-66322010000200001","article-title":"Mechanism of controlled release kinetics from medical devices","volume":"27","author":"Raval","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2014.10.008","article-title":"Impact of chitosan composites and chitosan nanoparticle composites on various drug delivery systems: a review","volume":"23","author":"Elgadir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08674","article-title":"Drug release study of the chitosan-based nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Herdiana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/15685551.2022.2054117","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of chitosan based controlled release nanoparticles for the delivery of ticagrelor","volume":"25","author":"Shahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Des. Monomers Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2016.00012","article-title":"In vitro tumor models: advantages, disadvantages, variables, and selecting the right platform","volume":"4","author":"Katt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.14.170","article-title":"In vitro human cell line models to predict clinical response to anticancer drugs","volume":"16","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00591","article-title":"A systematic review of the efficacy of preclinical models of lung cancer drugs","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34696-x","article-title":"Comparison of cell-based assays to quantify treatment effects of anticancer drugs identifies a new application for Bodipy-L-cystine to measure apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.06.025","article-title":"Determination of half-maximal inhibitory concentration using biosensor-based protein interaction analysis","volume":"508","author":"Aykul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb5020043","article-title":"HaCaT keratinocytes response on antimicrobial atelocollagen substrates: extent of cytotoxicity, cell viability and proliferation","volume":"5","author":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.5501","article-title":"Bile acids and cancer: direct and environmental-dependent effects","volume":"16","author":"Di","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46805-6","article-title":"Identification of a bile acid and bile salt metabolism-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04278-2","article-title":"The role of bile acids in carcinogenesis","volume":"79","author":"Re\u017een","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.07.027","article-title":"In vitro hemocompatibility testing of medical devices","volume":"195","author":"Nalezinkov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2018.00099","article-title":"Blood-contacting biomaterials: in vitro evaluation of the hemocompatibility","volume":"6","author":"Weber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1249134","article-title":"A review: hemocompatibility of magnetic nanoparticles and their regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging applications","volume":"11","author":"Malehmir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.02.019","article-title":"Exploration and insights into the cellular internalization and intracellular fate of amphiphilic polymeric nanocarriers","volume":"11","author":"Mazumdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib95","article-title":"Cellular uptake and retention of nanoparticles: insights on particle properties and interaction with cellular components","volume":"25","author":"Augustine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0148","article-title":"Advanced strategies for overcoming endosomal\/lysosomal barrier in nanodrug delivery","volume":"6","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14112181","article-title":"Construction and evaluation of chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral administration of exenatide in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib98","article-title":"Folate-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with ursolic acid confer anti-breast cancer activities in vitro and in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib99","series-title":"U: Insect Molecular Genetics. Hoy, MA, Urednica","first-page":"307","article-title":"DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction: molecular biology made accessible","author":"Hoy","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(10)95004-8","article-title":"Expression profiling of tubulin isotypes and microtubule-interacting proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"95","author":"Lobert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib101","first-page":"119","article-title":"The detection techniques for autophagy-associated cell death-related genes and proteins: gene expression assay and immunohistochemistry","author":"Ozturk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy in Differentiation and Tissue Maintenance: Methods and Protocols"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2019.09.006","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects of a sesquiterpene \u03b2-elemene on THP-1 leukemia cells is mediated via crosstalk between beclin-1 mediated autophagy and caspase-dependent apoptosis","volume":"87","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib103","first-page":"20517","article-title":"Real-time quantitative PCR array to study drug-induced changes of gene expression in tumor cell lines","volume":"3","author":"Amatori","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer Metastasis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib104","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway and its role in cancer therapeutics: are we making headway?","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13163949","article-title":"The pathogenic role of PI3K\/AKT pathway in cancer onset and drug resistance: an updated review","volume":"13","author":"Rascio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib106","first-page":"783","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt signaling transduction pathway, erythropoiesis and glycolysis in hypoxia","volume":"19","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6850","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.295","article-title":"VPS34 stimulation of p62 phosphorylation for cancer progression","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9008","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169008","article-title":"Inhibition of Vps34 and p110\u03b4 PI3K impairs migration, invasion and three-dimensional spheroid growth in breast cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"Di Donato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib109","series-title":"Medical Biochemistry","first-page":"547","article-title":"Chapter 25 - biochemical basis of endocrinology (I) receptors and signal transduction","author":"Blanco","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000148","article-title":"PP242 suppresses cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer through inhibition of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"25","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anti Cancer Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2738","article-title":"AKT as a therapeutic target for cancer","volume":"79","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0803-3","article-title":"PTEN\/PTENP1:\u2018Regulating the regulator of RTK-dependent PI3K\/Akt signalling\u2019, new targets for cancer therapy","volume":"17","author":"Haddadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30697","article-title":"The mTORC2\u2010Akt1 cascade is crucial for c\u2010Myc to promote hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and humans","volume":"70","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01291-6","article-title":"Taking the Myc out of cancer: toward therapeutic strategies to directly inhibit c-Myc","volume":"20","author":"Madden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.1363.1363","article-title":"Inhibition of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway leads to down-regulation of c-Myc and overcomes resistance to ATRA in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"126","author":"Swords","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209460","article-title":"Fibronectin induces cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells: pro-oncogenic effects mediated by PI3-kinase and NF-\u03baB","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035378","article-title":"The extra domain A of fibronectin increases VEGF-C expression in colorectal carcinoma involving the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2015.1016686","article-title":"A new role for the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Adhes. Migrat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072061","article-title":"Slug is a surrogate marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in head and neck cancer","volume":"9","author":"Steinbichler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.12288","article-title":"Expression of Twist, Slug and Snail in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic significance","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2015.1006048","article-title":"ZEB1: at the crossroads of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and therapy resistance","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02240-z","article-title":"Oncogenic functions of the EMT-related transcription factor ZEB1 in breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Carbohydrate Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008621524002751?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008621524002751?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:11:51Z","timestamp":1772255511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0008621524002751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S0008621524002751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6215","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bile acid conjugated chitosan nanoparticles promote the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Carbohydrate Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109296","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109296"}}