{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T10:26:20Z","timestamp":1793787980146,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Carbohydrate Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:43:00Z","timestamp":1789602180000},"page":"110106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Shigella O-antigen diversity and evolution: Comprehensive analysis and development of ShigO3D, a three-dimensional structural repository"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"570","author":[{"given":"Sruthi","family":"Sundaresan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohith R.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thenmalarchelvi","family":"Rathinavelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-07","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of Shigella spp.: controlling host cell signaling, invasion, and death by type III secretion","volume":"21","author":"Schroeder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01033-5","article-title":"Shigellosis","volume":"406","author":"Hendrick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000794-0","article-title":"Molecular detection of all 34 distinct O-antigen forms of Shigella","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00064","article-title":"How do the virulence factors of shigella work together to cause disease?","volume":"7","author":"Mattock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0006-2017","article-title":"A brief history of shigella","volume":"8","author":"Lampel","year":"2018","journal-title":"EcoSal Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33296-8","article-title":"Shigellosis","volume":"391","author":"Kotloff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00906-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant Shigella: where do we go next?","volume":"21","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37672-w","article-title":"The evolution and international spread of extensively drug resistant Shigella sonnei","volume":"14","author":"Mason","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.09.025","article-title":"Emergence of antibiotic resistant Shigella species: a matter of concern","volume":"11","author":"Puzari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","article-title":"The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance","volume":"25","author":"Sati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00820-y","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited","volume":"21","author":"Darby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S219755","article-title":"Shigella: Antibiotic-Resistance mechanisms and new Horizons for treatment","volume":"12","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57423-1","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant conjugative plasmid carrying mphA confers increased antimicrobial resistance in Shigella","volume":"14","author":"Asad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl228","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of class 1 and class 2 integrons and their relationships to antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri","volume":"58","author":"Pan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01175-25","article-title":"Characterization of Shigella virulence factor intracellular spread A (IcsA, or VirG) functional epitopes against S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei invasion and adherence","volume":"91","author":"Madhwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.BAI-0023-2019","article-title":"Shigella pathogenesis: new insights through advanced methodologies","volume":"7","author":"Schnupf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01074-23","article-title":"Anti-virulence and bactericidal activities of Stattic against Shigella sonnei","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9102049","article-title":"The case against antibiotics and for anti-virulence therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Hotinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S279","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_4.S279","article-title":"The lipopolysaccharide of Shigella bacteria as a virulence factor","volume":"13","author":"Lindberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108472","article-title":"Optimization of virulence functions through glucosylation of Shigella LPS","volume":"307","author":"West","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib21","article-title":"A pentavalent Shigella flexneri LPS-Based vaccine candidate is safe and immunogenic in animal models","volume":"11","author":"Ledov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins","volume":"71","author":"Raetz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00114.x","article-title":"Structure and genetics of Shigella O antigens","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297915070093","article-title":"O-antigen modifications providing antigenic diversity of Shigella flexneri and underlying genetic mechanisms","volume":"80","author":"Knirel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2023.2280838","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Shigella sonnei: a highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence","volume":"14","author":"Matanza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1662","article-title":"Clinical trials of Shigella vaccines: two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard road","volume":"5","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.01000.x","article-title":"Shigella flexneri O-antigens revisited: final elucidation of the O-acetylation profiles and a survey of the O-antigen structure diversity","volume":"66","author":"Perepelov","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib28","article-title":"Conformational and immunogenicity studies of the Shigella flexneri serogroup 6 O-Antigen: the effect of O-Acetylation","volume":"9","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1516","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1059","article-title":"PubChem 2025 update","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib30","article-title":"Title","author":"Schrodinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.23354","article-title":"CHARMM36 all-atom additive protein force field: validation based on comparison to NMR data","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9976","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.4c04100","article-title":"CHARMM at 45: enhancements in Accessibility, Functionality, and speed","volume":"128","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21367","article-title":"CHARMM general force field: a force field for drug-like molecules compatible with the CHARMM all-atom additive biological force fields","volume":"31","author":"Vanommeslaeghe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1021\/ct200328p","article-title":"CHARMM additive all-atom force field for carbohydrate derivatives and its utility in polysaccharide and carbohydrate-protein modeling","volume":"7","author":"Guvench","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theor. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwv091","article-title":"Symbol nomenclature for graphical representations of glycans","volume":"25","author":"Varki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00409-1","article-title":"Combined effects of glycan chain length and linkage type on the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines","volume":"6","author":"Anish","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib38","article-title":"A novel plasmid-encoded serotype conversion mechanism through addition of phosphoethanolamine to the O-antigen of Shigella flexneri","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2023.65","article-title":"Shigella Flexneri serotypes: O-antigen structure, Serotype conversion, and serotyping methods","volume":"38","author":"Sadredinamin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oman Med. J."}],"container-title":["Carbohydrate Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008621526002958?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008621526002958?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T09:40:25Z","timestamp":1793785225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0008621526002958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0008621526002958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6215","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shigella O-antigen diversity and evolution: Comprehensive analysis and development of ShigO3D, a three-dimensional structural repository","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Carbohydrate Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carres.2026.110106","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110106"}}