{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:46:51Z","timestamp":1791312411625,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T11:40:41Z","timestamp":1622893241000},"page":"62-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Waksman In-Stent Restenosis Classification: A Mechanism-Based Approach to the Treatment of Restenosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Evan","family":"Shlofmitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chava","family":"Chezar-Azerrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayder","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector M.","family":"Garcia-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Waksman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.03.011","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of target lesion failure in patients undergoing contemporary DES implantation-individual patient data pooled analysis from 6 randomized controlled trials","volume":"213","author":"Konigstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000140721.27004.4B","article-title":"Beyond restenosis: five-year clinical outcomes from second-generation coronary stent trials","volume":"110","author":"Cutlip","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.07.028","article-title":"In-stent restenosis in the drug-eluting stent era","volume":"56","author":"Dangas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1220","article-title":"TCT-117 the burden of restenosis after coronary stent implantation in the United States: temporal trends, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and in-hospital outcomes","volume":"72","author":"Moussa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.111.963215","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and treatment after drug-eluting stent failure: the absence of traditional risk factors for in-stent restenosis","volume":"5","author":"Maluenda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.058","article-title":"Stent-related adverse events >1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"75","author":"Madhavan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000945","article-title":"Characteristics of recurrent in-stent restenosis after second- and third-generation drug-eluting stent implantation","volume":"32","author":"Shimono","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.11.011","article-title":"Percutaneous coronary intervention of lesions with in-stent restenosis: a report from the ADAPT-DES study","volume":"197","author":"Redfors","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.18.1872","article-title":"Angiographic patterns of in-stent restenosis: classification and implications for long-term outcome","volume":"100","author":"Mehran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-018-1076-6","article-title":"Refractory in-stent restenosis: improving outcomes by standardizing our approach","volume":"20","author":"Waksman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.008686","article-title":"Intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention: a universal approach for optimization of stent implantation","volume":"13","author":"Shlofmitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldx049","article-title":"Utility of intracoronary imaging in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: comprehensive evaluation with intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography","volume":"125","author":"Parviz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.01.227","article-title":"Impact of intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention on long-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing complex procedures","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.12.008","article-title":"Impact of intravascular ultrasound on Outcomes following PErcutaneous coronary interventioN in complex lesions (iOPEN complex)","volume":"221","author":"Shlofmitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007023","article-title":"Restenosis of drug-eluting stents: a new classification system based on disease mechanism to guide treatment and state-of-the-art review","volume":"12","author":"Shlofmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e335","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-18-01191","article-title":"In-stent restenosis characteristics and repeat stenting underexpansion: insights from optical coherence tomography","volume":"16","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2019.02.008","article-title":"Avoiding patient-stent mismatch: incorporating optical coherence tomography into routine practice","volume":"20","author":"Shlofmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2016.06.002","article-title":"Review: stent fracture in the drug-eluting stent era","volume":"17","author":"Omar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-017-1106-2","article-title":"Neoatherosclerosis assessed with optical coherence tomography in restenotic bare metal and first- and second-generation drug-eluting stents","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-16-00787","article-title":"Characteristics of early versus late in-stent restenosis in second-generation drug-eluting stents: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.02.018","article-title":"Excimer laser angioplasty-facilitated fracturing of napkin-ring peri-stent calcium in a chronically underexpanded stent: documentation by optical coherence tomography","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2182","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00962","article-title":"A new optical coherence tomography-based calcium scoring system to predict stent underexpansion","volume":"13","author":"Fujino","year":"2018","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e351","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-19-00268","article-title":"Intravascular lithotripsy for recurrent restenosis caused by severe calcific neoatherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Salazar","year":"2020","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2018.10.007","article-title":"Combined rotational atherectomy and intravascular lithotripsy for the treatment of severely calcified in-stent neoatherosclerosis: a mini-review","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.07.058","article-title":"Mechanisms and patterns of intravascular ultrasound in-stent restenosis among bare metal stents and first- and second-generation drug-eluting stents","volume":"116","author":"Goto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2014.02.001","article-title":"Sirolimus-eluting versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in diabetic and non-diabetic patients within sirolimus-eluting stent restenosis: results from the ISAR-DESIRE 2 trial","volume":"15","author":"Kufner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2016.03.018","article-title":"Intracoronary brachytherapy for recurrent drug-eluting stent failure","volume":"9","author":"Negi","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.11.035","article-title":"Combined vascular brachytherapy and stenting for the treatment of in-stent restenosis","volume":"125","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0145","first-page":"149","article-title":"Stent restenosis, pathophysiology and treatment options: a 2010 update","volume":"52","author":"Tsigkas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.08.002","article-title":"The IMPact on Revascularization Outcomes of intraVascular ultrasound-guided treatment of complex lesions and Economic impact (IMPROVE) trial: study design and rationale","volume":"228","author":"Shlofmitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-00501","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-guided coronary stent implantation compared to angiography: a multicentre randomised trial in PCI - design and rationale of ILUMIEN IV: OPTIMAL PCI","volume":"16","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1553838921002761?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1553838921002761?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:21:01Z","timestamp":1761560461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1553838921002761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1553838921002761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-8389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-8389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Waksman In-Stent Restenosis Classification: A Mechanism-Based Approach to the Treatment of Restenosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}