{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:09:18Z","timestamp":1791256158793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T04:53:20Z","timestamp":1247028800000},"page":"145-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Operculina turpethum attenuates N-nitrosodimethylamine induced toxic liver injury and clastogenicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Riaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizam Uddin","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Absar-ul","family":"Hasnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00352-8","article-title":"Dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats: the early deposition of collagen","volume":"156","author":"George","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(95)00202-2","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of dimethylnitrosamine induced fibrotic liver collagen","volume":"1292","author":"George","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib3","series-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man, vol. 1","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/225021a0","article-title":"Nitrosamines as environmental carcinogens","volume":"225","author":"Lijinsky","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60079-2","article-title":"Carcinogenic nitroso compounds","volume":"10","author":"Magee","year":"1967","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(85)80747-9","article-title":"A dimethylnitrosamine induced model of cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the rat","volume":"1","author":"Jenkins","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80570-6","article-title":"A morphological study of the early stages of hepatic fibrosis induced by low doses of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat","volume":"5","author":"Jezequel","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90115-8","article-title":"Modulation of extracellular matrix components during dimethylnitrosamine-induced cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Jezequel","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/1357-2725(95)00140-9","article-title":"Glycoprotein metabolism in dimethylnitrosamine induced hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"28","author":"George","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00285-7","article-title":"Ascorbic acid concentrations in dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"335","author":"George","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20974","article-title":"Reversal of hepatic fibrosis: fact or fantasy","volume":"43","author":"Friedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00429-4","article-title":"Liver fibrosis\u2014from bench to bedside","volume":"38","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17554","article-title":"Cytokine receptors and signaling in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"21","author":"Pinzani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Liver. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095906","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and drug targets","volume":"45","author":"Lotersztajn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib16","first-page":"S84","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells and the reversal of fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Kisseleva","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genesis of hepatic fibrosis and its biochemical markers","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0406fje","article-title":"Oltipraz regenerates cirrhotic liver through CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein-mediated stellate cell inactivation","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02858545","article-title":"Operculina turpethum (Convolvulaceae) as a medicinal plant in Asia","volume":"36","author":"Austin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1021\/np030096l","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period of 1981\u20132002","volume":"66","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.04.005","article-title":"Survey of medical ethnobotanicals for dental and oral medicine conditions and pathologies","volume":"107","author":"Colvard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-006-0113-8","article-title":"Antiproliferative potential of sarcophine and its semi synthetic sulfur-containing derivatives against human mammary carcinoma cell lines","volume":"61","author":"Arif","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib23","first-page":"18","article-title":"Efficacy of Silymarin and curcumin on dimethyl nitrosamine induced liver fibrosis in rats","volume":"26","author":"George","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18855","article-title":"Antigenotoxicity of trans-hydrocrotonin, a clerodane diterpene from Croton cajucara","volume":"67","author":"Agner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6351251","article-title":"Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens","volume":"221","author":"Ames","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2006.06.009","article-title":"antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Maytenus krukovii bark","volume":"77","author":"Bruni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.08.006","article-title":"Evaluation of mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of cashew stem bark methanolic extract in vitro","volume":"114","author":"Barcelos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2008.06.006","article-title":"Effects of Croton bonplandianum Baill in rats, Environ","volume":"26","author":"Ahmad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib29","series-title":"The Wealth of India\u2014A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products, vol. 7","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.22960","article-title":"Protective effect of root extract of Operculina turpethum Linn. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"68","author":"Suresh Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib31","volume":"vol. IV","author":"Vasudevan","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib32","series-title":"Phytochemical methods\u2014A Guide to Modern Technique of Plant Analysis","author":"Harbone","year":"1973"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(00)00170-3","article-title":"Biochemical abnormalities during the progression of hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine","volume":"33","author":"George","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2006.03.002","article-title":"Micronuclei induction and chromosomal aberrations in Rattus norvegicus by chloroacetic acid and chlorobenzene","volume":"65","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(61)90291-0","article-title":"The determination of hydroxyproline in tissue and protein samples containing small proportions of this imino acid","volume":"93","author":"Woessner","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2004.10.012","article-title":"Ontogenetic changes and developmental adjustments in lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of an obligate air-breathing fish Channa punctatus during deprivation of air access","volume":"140B","author":"Ahmad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2478\/v10011-008-0039-7","article-title":"Observation on the changes in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in post-burn patients: significance in relation to creatine kinase","volume":"28","author":"Ahmad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2490753","article-title":"Serum concentrations of the n-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen and two type IV collagen fragments and gene expression of the respective collagen types in liver in rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis","volume":"249","author":"Savolainen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(85)80747-9","article-title":"A dimethylnitrosamine-induced model of cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the rat","volume":"1","author":"Jenkins","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib40","first-page":"69","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity in experimental cirrhosis","volume":"89","author":"Chowdhury","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0404-x","article-title":"Protective effect of Morin on dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80413-4","article-title":"New aspects of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"32","author":"Brenner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1139\/O08-038","article-title":"Elevated serum \u03b2-glucuronidase reflects hepatic lysosomal fragility following toxic liver injury in rats","volume":"86","author":"George","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib44","first-page":"193","article-title":"Rat hepatic lipocytes express smooth muscle actin upon activation in vivo and in culture","volume":"24","author":"Rockey","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Submicroscopic Cytol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.04.007","article-title":"Protective effect of Operculina turpethum against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene induced oxidative stress with reference to breast cancer in experimental rats","volume":"168","author":"Anbuselvam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib46","first-page":"224","article-title":"A preliminary study of anti-inflammatory activity of Ipomoea turpethum (Nisoth)","volume":"19","author":"Khare","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ind. Drugs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.22.51","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes during dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"22","author":"George","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib48","first-page":"62","article-title":"Isoenzyme pattern and activity in oxidative stress-induced hepatocarcinogenesis: the protective role of selenium and vitamin E","volume":"2","author":"El-Zayat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. J. Med. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-008-0040-4","article-title":"Adjustments of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and their significance in monitoring the treatment in patients with tubercular pyothorax","volume":"23","author":"Ahmad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ind. J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123187","article-title":"Collagenase and collagenolytic cathepsin in normal and fibrotic rat liver","volume":"108","author":"Murawaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(91)90246-R","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis after chronic administration of alcohol and \u201clow-dose\u201d carbon tetrachloride vapor in the rat","volume":"13","author":"Hall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(80)90300-9","article-title":"Hepatic collagenolytic cathepsin in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"108","author":"Murawaki","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279709002671?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279709002671?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T13:19:09Z","timestamp":1757855949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279709002671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0009279709002671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Operculina turpethum attenuates N-nitrosodimethylamine induced toxic liver injury and clastogenicity in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.06.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}