{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:06:21Z","timestamp":1791227181723,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda (Spain)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]],"date-time":"2014-06-25T10:15:25Z","timestamp":1403691325000},"page":"84-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Activity of melatonin against Leishmania infantum promastigotes by mitochondrial dependent pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Ehab Kotb","family":"Elmahallawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroa","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Sampedro","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rodriguez-Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Navarro-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Agil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62863","article-title":"A current perspective on leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"Clem","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Glob. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniases","volume":"949","author":"WHO","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0015","series-title":"Human Parasitic Diseases: Leishmaniasis","author":"Chang","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10178-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"354","author":"Herwaldt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Desjeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?","volume":"5","author":"Chappuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0035","unstructured":"WHO, Leishmania\/HIV Co-Infection, World Health Organization, WHO\/LEISH\/2000, 42 Geneva (2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.3.684","article-title":"Activity and mode of action of acridine compounds against Leishmania donovani","volume":"40","author":"Mesa-Valle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066536","article-title":"Injectable paromomycin for Visceral leishmaniasis in India","volume":"356","author":"Sundar","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0050","first-page":"200","article-title":"Antimony resistance and environment: elusive links to explore during Leishmania life cycle","volume":"2","author":"Sereno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(00)90078-X","article-title":"Treatment of Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): a decade of progress and future approaches","volume":"4","author":"Murray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.827","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo resistance of Leishmania infantum to meglumine antimoniate: a study of 37 strains collected from patients with Visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"41","author":"Faraut-Gambarelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14072317","article-title":"Pentavalent antimonials: new perspectives for old drugs","volume":"14","author":"Frezard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis474","article-title":"Efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of Visceral leishmaniasis in India after a decade of use","volume":"55","author":"Sundar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.352","article-title":"Mechanism of amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"42","author":"Mbongo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.07.099","article-title":"Amphotericin B inhibits entry of Leishmania donovani into primary macrophages","volume":"399","author":"Paila","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-011-0586-3","article-title":"Mitochondria and trypanosomatids: targets and drugs","volume":"28","author":"Fidalgo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/426127a","article-title":"Evolutionary biology: essence of mitochondria","volume":"426","author":"Henze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00790-10","article-title":"Tafenoquine, an antiplasmodial 8-aminoquinoline, targets leishmania respiratory complex III and induces apoptosis","volume":"54","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01215-08","article-title":"Amiodarone destabilizes intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and biosynthesis of sterols in Leishmania mexicana","volume":"53","author":"Serrano-Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200602","article-title":"Time and time again: the phylogeny of melatonin as a transducer of biological time","volume":"12","author":"Cassone","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2004.10540","article-title":"The effect of pinealectomy and zinc deficiency on nitric oxide levels in rats with induced Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"134","author":"Baltaci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-079X.2003.00105.x","article-title":"Melatonin and viral infections","volume":"36","author":"Bonilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1086\/317919","article-title":"Altered levels of hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis hormones in baboons and mice during the course of infection with Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"183","author":"Morales-Montor","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5905","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.188474","article-title":"Melatonin and IP3-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum within infected red blood cells","volume":"286","author":"Alves","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-62","article-title":"Melatonin reduces the severity of experimental amoebiasis","volume":"4","author":"Franca-Botelho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2007.00427.x","article-title":"Melatonin treatment reduces the severity of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"42","author":"Santello","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2012.01021.x","article-title":"The PfNF-YB transcription factor is a downstream target of melatonin and cAMP signalling in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"54","author":"Lima","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1999.tb00601.x","article-title":"Presence and effects of melatonin in Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"27","author":"Macias","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.09.010","article-title":"The role of melatonin in parasite biology","volume":"181","author":"Bagnaresi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0155","unstructured":"D. Evans, Handbook on isolation, characterization and cryopreservation of Leishmania. TDR.UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO. Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, 45, (1989)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.10.011","article-title":"Generation of Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes: their growth and biological characteristics","volume":"34","author":"Debrabant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4537","article-title":"Leishmania infantum: stage-specific activity of pentavalent antimony related with the assay conditions","volume":"95","author":"Carrio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.08.016","article-title":"Effect of allicin on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum","volume":"132","author":"Jesus Corral-Caridad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.4.1157","article-title":"Drug cytotoxicity assay for African trypanosomes and Leishmania species","volume":"172","author":"Bodley","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(99)00020-3","article-title":"A simple colorimetric method to screen drug cytotoxicity against Leishmania using the dye Alamar Blue","volume":"48","author":"Mikus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12347","DOI":"10.3390\/s120912347","article-title":"Multiple applications of Alamar Blue as an indicator of metabolic function and cellular health in cell viability bioassays","volume":"12","author":"Rampersad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(06)80001-4","article-title":"Isolation and subfractionation of mitochondria from animal cells and tissue culture lines","volume":"80","author":"Pallotti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.54.2.346","article-title":"The form and structure of kinetoplast DNA of Crithidia","volume":"54","author":"Renger","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein\u2013dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.11","article-title":"Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitochondria-dependent pathway","volume":"77","author":"Morales","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.5.1543","article-title":"Nitric oxide. A macrophage product responsible for cytostasis and respiratory inhibition in tumor target cells","volume":"169","author":"Stuehr","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v7i3.54791","article-title":"In vitro effects of Warburgia ugandensis, Psiadia punctulata and Chasmanthera dependens on Leishmania major promastigotes","volume":"7","author":"Githinji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00647.x","article-title":"Melatonin protects the mitochondria from oxidative damage reducing oxygen consumption, membrane potential, and superoxide anion production","volume":"46","author":"Lopez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(62)90042-5","article-title":"Studies on the electron transport system. XLIII. The isolation of a succinic-coenzyme Q reductase from beef heart mitochondria","volume":"97","author":"Ziegler","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(67)10047-5","article-title":"Preparation and properties of reduced coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase (complex III of the respiratory chain)","volume":"10","author":"Rieske","year":"1967","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2009.00728.x","article-title":"Malaria: therapeutic implications of melatonin","volume":"48","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12012","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats","volume":"54","author":"Agil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0245","first-page":"477","article-title":"Melatonin in Chagas\u2019 disease. Possible therapeutic value","volume":"71","author":"Cardinali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38731.532766.F6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and sleep disorders accompanying sleep restriction: meta-analysis","volume":"332","author":"Buscemi","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7901","article-title":"Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia","volume":"86","author":"Zhdanova","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20527","article-title":"Melatonin and ulcerative colitis: evidence, biological mechanisms, and future research","volume":"15","author":"Terry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006944313291","article-title":"Studies on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems during arteether treatment of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice","volume":"196","author":"Siddiqi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0633.2002.290401.x","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind clinical trial, controlled with placebo, of the toxicology of chronic melatonin treatment","volume":"29","author":"Seabra","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1997.tb00341.x","article-title":"Utility of high doses of melatonin as adjunctive anticonvulsant therapy in a child with severe myoclonic epilepsy: two years\u2019 experience","volume":"23","author":"Molina-Carballo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.10.3.467","article-title":"The immunotherapeutic potential of melatonin","volume":"10","author":"Maestroni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.04.008","article-title":"Melatonin: action as antioxidant and potential applications in human disease and aging","volume":"278","author":"Bonnefont-Rousselot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(93)90099-X","article-title":"Melatonin: a contraceptive for the nineties","volume":"49","author":"Silman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(96)10005-5","article-title":"Melatonin receptors step into the light: cloning and classification of subtypes","volume":"17","author":"Reppert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03430.x","article-title":"Calreticulin\u2013melatonin. An unexpected relationship","volume":"270","author":"Macias","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02527721","article-title":"Effect of melatonin on beta-tubulin and MAP2 expression in NIE-115 cells","volume":"21","author":"Melendez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00282.x","article-title":"Melatonin as a cytoskeletal modulator: implications for cell physiology and disease","volume":"40","author":"Benitez-King","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.12.1211","article-title":"Selective MT2 melatonin receptor antagonists block melatonin-mediated phase advances of circadian rhythms","volume":"12","author":"Dubocovich","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00249.x","article-title":"Products of tryptophan catabolism induce Ca2+ release and modulate the cell cycle of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites","volume":"39","author":"Beraldo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400951","article-title":"On the evolution of programmed cell death: apoptosis of the unicellular eukaryote Leishmania major involves cysteine proteinase activation and mitochondrion permeabilization","volume":"9","author":"Arnoult","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2008.08.003","article-title":"Different cell death pathways induced by drugs in Trypanosoma cruzi: an ultrastructural study","volume":"40","author":"Menna-Barreto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2007.04.007","article-title":"Leishmania donovani iron superoxide dismutase A is targeted to the mitochondria by its N-terminal positively charged amino acids","volume":"154","author":"Getachew","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01415-06","article-title":"Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"51","author":"Luque-Ortega","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.08.016","article-title":"Roles for mitochondria in pentamidine susceptibility and resistance in Leishmania donovani","volume":"145","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0350","series-title":"Metallomics and the Cell. Met Ions Life Sci. 12","first-page":"119","article-title":"Intracellular calcium homeostasis and signaling","author":"Brini","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2009163169","article-title":"Signalling in malaria parasites. The MALSIG consortium","volume":"16","author":"Doerig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0510097","article-title":"Calcium storage and function in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"51","author":"Moreno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(03)00091-2","article-title":"Calcium regulation in protozoan parasites","volume":"6","author":"Moreno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6805075","article-title":"Role of calcium in trypanocidal drug action","volume":"216","author":"Clarkson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17197","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310329200","article-title":"Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore induces reactive oxygen species production at the level of the respiratory chain complex I","volume":"279","author":"Batandier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/74994","article-title":"Mitochondrial control of cell death","volume":"6","author":"Kroemer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027374931887","article-title":"Superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain","volume":"17","author":"Turrens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12030","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010604200","article-title":"The mitochondrial permeability transition, release of cytochrome c and cell death. Correlation with the duration of pore openings in situ","volume":"276","author":"Petronilli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760310001626266","article-title":"Oxidative stress underlies the mechanism for Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition of mitochondria","volume":"38","author":"Kanno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099320","article-title":"The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death","volume":"305","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022945107762","article-title":"The mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi(m)) in apoptosis; an update","volume":"8","author":"Ly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1309","article-title":"Mitochondria and apoptosis","volume":"281","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(98)00119-4","article-title":"From calcium signaling to cell death: two conformations for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Switching from low- to high-conductance state","volume":"1366","author":"Ichas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1730","article-title":"Prooxidants open both the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and a low-conductance channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane","volume":"376","author":"Kushnareva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2011.03.003","article-title":"Calcium and cell death mechanisms: a perspective from the cell death community","volume":"50","author":"Zhivotovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2006","article-title":"Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death","volume":"87","author":"Kroemer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006810523586","article-title":"Mitochondrial function as a determinant of recovery or death in cell response to injury","volume":"184","author":"Di Lisa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0440","first-page":"616","article-title":"Is mPTP the gatekeeper for necrosis, apoptosis, or both?","volume":"2011","author":"Kinnally","year":"1813","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15117","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900926200","article-title":"Effect of transient and permanent permeability transition pore opening on NAD(P)H localization in intact cells","volume":"284","author":"Dumas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)80028-H","article-title":"Increased calcium permeability is not responsible for the rapid lethal effects of amphotericin B on Leishmania sp.","volume":"259","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s002329900086","article-title":"Amphotericin B kills unicellular leishmanias by forming aqueous pores permeable to small cations and anions","volume":"152","author":"Ramos","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01648-05","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to host defense against acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"74","author":"Reyes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240328","article-title":"Production of nitric oxide and superoxide by activated macrophages and killing of Leishmania major","volume":"24","author":"Assreuy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2009.09.002","article-title":"Mitochondria as metabolizers and targets of nitrite","volume":"22","author":"Shiva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2010.00792.x","article-title":"Protective effect of melatonin against Opisthorchis viverrini-induced oxidative and nitrosative DNA damage and liver injury in hamsters","volume":"49","author":"Laothong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00090-X","article-title":"Nitric oxide in parasitic infections","volume":"1","author":"Brunet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-008-0224-7","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and imbalance of calcium homeostasis contributes to curcumin induced programmed cell death in Leishmania donovani","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/10409238709083738","article-title":"Aspects of the structure, function, and applications of superoxide dismutase","volume":"22","author":"Bannister","year":"1987","journal-title":"CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.10.5910-5920.2003","article-title":"Iron superoxide dismutases targeted to the glycosomes of Leishmania chagasi are important for survival","volume":"71","author":"Plewes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2012.01.005","article-title":"Leishmania donovani mitochondrial iron superoxide dismutase A is released into the cytosol during miltefosine induced programmed cell death","volume":"183","author":"Getachew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr480","article-title":"In vitro leishmanicidal activity of imidazole- or pyrazole-based benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis species","volume":"67","author":"Sanchez-Moreno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540152845911","article-title":"Respiratory chain supercomplexes","volume":"52","author":"Schagger","year":"2001","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(02)00213-X","article-title":"Bcl-2 protects against apoptosis induced by antimycin A and bongkrekic acid without restoring cellular ATP levels","volume":"1554","author":"de Graaf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00964-3","article-title":"Possible involvement of both mitochondria- and endoplasmic reticulum-dependent caspase pathways in rotenone-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"333","author":"Kitamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2174\/1568005043480907","article-title":"Mitochondrial and plastid functions as antimalarial drug targets","volume":"4","author":"Vaidya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Infect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.03.013","article-title":"Leishmania donovani: intracellular ATP level regulates apoptosis-like death in luteolin induced dyskinetoplastid cells","volume":"114","author":"Sen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1021\/jm901677h","article-title":"New benzophenone-derived bisphosphonium salts as leishmanicidal leads targeting mitochondria through inhibition of respiratory complex II","volume":"53","author":"Luque-Ortega","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25120","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301975200","article-title":"Antimonial-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ through non-selective cation channels in the host and the parasite is responsible for apoptosis of intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes","volume":"278","author":"Sudhandiran","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11798","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309341200","article-title":"Apoptotic death in Leishmania donovani promastigotes in response to respiratory chain inhibition: complex II inhibition results in increased pentamidine cytotoxicity","volume":"279","author":"Mehta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(99)00161-8","article-title":"Reversible depolarization of in situ mitochondria by oxidative stress parallels a decrease in NAD(P)H level in nerve terminals","volume":"36","author":"Chinopoulos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208784041024","article-title":"Mitochondrion of protozoan parasite emerges as potent therapeutic target: exciting drugs are on the horizon","volume":"14","author":"Sen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05213.x","article-title":"The mitochondrial permeability transition from in vitro artifact to disease target","volume":"273","author":"Bernardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS J."}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279714001951?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279714001951?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T13:33:21Z","timestamp":1757856801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279714001951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["S0009279714001951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Activity of melatonin against Leishmania infantum promastigotes by mitochondrial dependent pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}