{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:00:40Z","timestamp":1789599640211,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1435-045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1435-045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T04:02:51Z","timestamp":1418356971000},"page":"72-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nymphayol increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by RIN-5F cells and GLUT4-mediated insulin sensitization in type 2 diabetic rat liver"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Subash-Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ignacimuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Alshatwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.07.002","article-title":"\u0391-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the methanolic extract from Tournefortia hartwegiana: an anti-hyperglycemic agent","volume":"109","author":"Ortiz-Andrade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0010","first-page":"479","article-title":"GSK3 inhibitors: development and therapeutic potential","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0015","first-page":"283","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome X: a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology and recommended therapy","volume":"32","author":"Lopez-Candales","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.07.027","article-title":"Acute effect of Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) on serum glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats","volume":"107","author":"Schoenfelder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2004.10.003","article-title":"Screening for bioactive metabolites for pancreatic regeneration chemotherapy","volume":"58","author":"Takatsuna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0030","first-page":"69","article-title":"Glycemic effects of traditional European plant treatments for diabetes: studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice","volume":"10","author":"Swanston-Flatt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0035","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Web page; <http:\/\/www.who.org>, 2006 (accessed February 2006)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(11)80059-0","article-title":"Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents","volume":"2","author":"Marles","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.12.031","article-title":"Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.03.021","article-title":"Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials","volume":"105","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.04.008","article-title":"Differential anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of action of charantin-rich extract of Taiwanese Momordica charantia between type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.02.021","article-title":"Partial regeneration of b-cells in the islets of Langerhans by Nymphayol a sterol isolated from Nymphaea stellata (Willd.) flowers","volume":"17","author":"Subash-Babu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0065","series-title":"APEX-II and SAINT-Plus (Version 7.06a)","author":"Bruker-Nonius","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0070","series-title":"SADABS","author":"Bruker","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_h0215","series-title":"SHELXL97","author":"Sheldrick","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_h0220","first-page":"C34","volume":"A46","author":"Spek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00107-0","article-title":"Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.039","article-title":"Isoleucine, a potent plasma glucose-lowering amino acid, stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes","volume":"312","author":"Doi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.47.2.224","article-title":"Experimental NIDDM: development of a new model in adult rats administered streptozotocin and nicotinamide","volume":"47","author":"Masiello","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.11.005","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde \u2013 a potential antidiabetic agent","volume":"14","author":"Subash Babu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/000456326900600108","article-title":"Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor","volume":"6","author":"Trinder","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)76122-X","article-title":"Spectrophotometric studies, spectrophotometric constants for common haemoglobin derivatives in human, dog and rabbit blood","volume":"98","author":"Drabkin","year":"1932","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/28.10.2183a","article-title":"Effect of pH on the elimination of the labile fraction of glycosylated haemoglobin","volume":"28","author":"Bannon","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00758-X","article-title":"Effects of myricetin on glycemia and glycogen metabolism in diabetic rats","volume":"67","author":"Ong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.4.1006","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise on energy metabolism in the hypertensive rat heart","volume":"81","author":"Lapeir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0130","first-page":"222","article-title":"Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Bergmeyer","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0135","first-page":"876","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphatase","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Baginsky","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0140","first-page":"132","article-title":"Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from fermenting and non-fermenting yeasts","volume":"76","author":"Gancedo","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0145","first-page":"145","article-title":"Glycogen synthase from rat liver","volume":"vol. V","author":"Leloir","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)81105-X","article-title":"Effects of glucagon and anoxia on lactate production, glycogen content and phosphorylase activity in the perfused isolated rat heart","volume":"235","author":"Cornblath","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with Folins-phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2307\/2527799","article-title":"Multiple range test for correlated and heteroscedastic means","volume":"13","author":"Duncan","year":"1957","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00351-2","article-title":"Hypoglycemic effect of the water extract of Smallanthus soncifolius (yacon) leaves in normal and diabetic rats","volume":"74","author":"Aybar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.10.003","article-title":"Effects of phenethyl ester on lipid peroxidation and anti oxidant enzymes in diabetic rat heart","volume":"38","author":"Okutan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.11.1722","article-title":"Sulfonylureas enhance exocytosis from pancreatic \u03b2-cells by a mechanism that does not involve direct activation of protein kinase C","volume":"47","author":"Tian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0180","first-page":"133","article-title":"Hypoglycemic activity of Eugenia jambolana and Ficus bengalensis: mechanism of action","volume":"5","author":"Achrekar","year":"1991","journal-title":"In vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.3.330","article-title":"Amino acid substituents in hexokinase II among patients with NIDDM","volume":"44","author":"Laakso","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(66)90098-1","article-title":"Insulin: inducer of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase","volume":"5","author":"Weber","year":"1966","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00022-9","article-title":"Effect of T. foenumgraecum on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"85","author":"Vats","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.034","article-title":"Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves partially attenuates streptozotocin induced alterations in glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolism in rats","volume":"90","author":"Vats","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00596a004","article-title":"Insulin regulation of hepatic glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase","volume":"17","author":"Witters","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochemistry"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279714003895?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279714003895?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T13:34:13Z","timestamp":1757856853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279714003895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0009279714003895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nymphayol increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by RIN-5F cells and GLUT4-mediated insulin sensitization in type 2 diabetic rat liver","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}