{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:55:22Z","timestamp":1777535722483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Pharmacopeia Fellowship"},{"name":"University of Georgia Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program"},{"name":"U.S. ATSDR","award":["200-2004-M-09830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2004-M-09830"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T23:16:16Z","timestamp":1467674176000},"page":"167-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The immature rat as a potential model for chemical risks to children: Ontogeny of selected hepatic P450s"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Brooks T.","family":"McPhail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian S.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa","family":"Muralidhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jewell T.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James V.","family":"Bruckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib1","series-title":"Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children","author":"National Academy of Sciences","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2000.1393","article-title":"Differences in the sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity: the NAS panel report","volume":"31","author":"Bruckner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib3","series-title":"Summary of Principles for Evaluating Health Risks in Children Associated with Exposure to Chemicals. Geneva","author":"WHO (World Health Organization)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2014.993919","article-title":"Assessment of health risks from early-life exposures: are current chemical toxicity testing protocols and risk assessment methods adequate?","volume":"45","author":"Felter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp217","article-title":"Approaches for assessing risks to sensitive populations: lessons learned from evaluating risks in the pediatric population","volume":"113","author":"Hines","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.02.005","article-title":"The ontogeny of drug metabolism enzymes and implications for adverse drug events","volume":"118","author":"Hines","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.05.079","article-title":"Developmental expression of drug metabolizing enzymes: impact on disposition in neonates and young children","volume":"452","author":"Hines","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20179","article-title":"Ontogeny of human hepatic cytochromes P450","volume":"21","author":"Hines","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X08006454","article-title":"Effect of Danggui and Honghua on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C11, 2E1 and 3A1 mRNA expression in liver of rats","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250010021684","article-title":"Determining the best animal model for human cytochrome P450 activities: a comparison of mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, micropig, monkey and man","volume":"30","author":"Bugaards","year":"2000","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2.6.875","article-title":"Species differences between mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human CYP-mediated drug metabolism, inhibition and induction","volume":"2","author":"Martignoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1998.2510893.x","article-title":"Delayed ontogenesis of CYP1A2 in the human liver","volume":"251","author":"Sonnier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10253","article-title":"Occurrence and potential human-health relevance of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from domestic wells in the United States","volume":"115","author":"Rowe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib14","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Environmental pollutant mixture and completed exposure pathways at hazardous waste sites","volume":"23","author":"Fay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a015","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039809374614","article-title":"Onset of xenobiotics metabolism and children: toxicological implications","author":"Cresteil","year":"1998","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)15052-0","article-title":"Human cytochrome P450 maximal activities in pediatric versus adult liver","volume":"28","author":"Blanco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.053124","article-title":"Human hepatic CYP2E1 expression during development","volume":"307","author":"Johnsrud","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(93)90525-J","article-title":"Expression of P450 isozymes during rat liver organogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Borlakoglu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00058-2","article-title":"Evaluation of rat hepatic E1 activity in function of age, sex and inducers: choice of an experimental model capable of testing the hepatotoxicity of low molecular weight compounds","volume":"106","author":"Morel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20156","article-title":"Ontogeny of hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 expression in rats","volume":"21","author":"Elbarbry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.017590","article-title":"Evaluation of the assumptions of an ontogeny model of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 activity","volume":"35","author":"Alcorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/004982599238560","article-title":"Molecular modeling of CYPB26, the human CYP2B isoform, by homology with the substrate-bound CYP102 crystal structure: evaluation of CYP2B6 substrate characteristics, the cytochrome b5 binding site and comparisons with CYP2B1 and CYP2B4","volume":"29","author":"Lewis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3109\/03602538909103560","article-title":"The utility of p-nitrophenol hydroxylation in P450II E1 analysis","author":"Koop","year":"1989","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(85)90138-9","article-title":"Dealkylation of pentoxyresorufin: a rapid and sensitive assay for measuring induction of cytochrome(s) P-450 by phenobarbital and other xenobiotics in the rat","volume":"238","author":"Lubet","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90363-8","article-title":"Cytochrome P-450 specificities of alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation in human and rat liver","volume":"48","author":"Burke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390600755265","article-title":"Organ growth functions in maturing male Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"70","author":"Mirfazaelian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)06755-8","article-title":"Liver volume as determinant of drug clearance in children and adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Murry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050114","article-title":"Liver volume and children measured by computed tomography","volume":"27","author":"Norda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(96)00253-5","article-title":"Cytochrome P-450 expression in sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Treluyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.355","article-title":"The ontogeny of human drug-metabolizing enzymes: phase I oxidative enzymes","volume":"300","author":"Hines","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/41.3.8429202","article-title":"Postnatal development and sublobular distribution of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver: a morphometric study","volume":"41","author":"Watanabe","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib32","first-page":"187","article-title":"Age-dependent expression of cytochrome P-450s in rat liver","volume":"1097","author":"Imaoka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib33","first-page":"515","article-title":"Characterization of microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the oxidation of xenobiotic chemicals in human fetal livers and adult lungs","volume":"24","author":"Shimada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0476z.x","article-title":"Developmental expression of CYP2E1 in the human liver. Hypomethylation control of gene expression during the neonatal period","volume":"238","author":"Vieira","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00149-6","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 2E1 is the primary enzyme largely responsible for low-dose carbon tetrachloride metabolism in human liver microsomes","volume":"125","author":"Zanger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/713611034","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model","volume":"33","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(11)80477-X","article-title":"Age dependent different influence of carbon tetrachloride on biotransformation of xenobiotics, glutathione content, lipid peroxidation and histopathology of rat liver","volume":"45","author":"Jahn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7721157","article-title":"Oral toxicity of 1, 1-dichloroethylene in the rat: effects of sex, age, and fasting","volume":"21","author":"Andersen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)02988-X","article-title":"Bioactivation of 1, 1-dichloroethylene to its epoxide by CYP2E1 and CYP2F enzymes","volume":"32","author":"Simmonds","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11157-9","article-title":"Sex-, age- and pregnancy-induced changes in the metabolism of toluene and trichloroethylene in rat liver in relation to the regulation of cytochrome P450IIE1 and P450IIC11 content","volume":"261","author":"Nakajima","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90363-8","article-title":"Cytochrome P-450 specificities of alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation in human and rat liver","volume":"48","author":"Burke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)01011-4","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of hepatic cytochrome P-450 expression between infancy and post infancy","volume":"26","author":"Tateshi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.39.83","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 isoforms and the metabolism of volatile hydrocarbons of low relative molecular mass","volume":"39","author":"Nakajima","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Occup. Health"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279716302794?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279716302794?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T13:41:46Z","timestamp":1757857306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279716302794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0009279716302794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The immature rat as a potential model for chemical risks to children: Ontogeny of selected hepatic P450s","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}