{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:56:02Z","timestamp":1786985762113,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"COMSATS university Islamabad"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T11:47:48Z","timestamp":1558612068000},"page":"130-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association of status of acetylcholinesterase and ACHE gene 3\u2019 UTR variants (rs17228602, rs17228616) with drug addiction vulnerability in pakistani population"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"308","author":[{"given":"Tahira","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sania","family":"Ghafoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baseerat","family":"Rumman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sliha","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonel J.M.","family":"Ntepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajida","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed M.","family":"Nurulain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-07-02439.1992","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of drug addiction [published erratum appears in J Neurosci 1992 Aug;12(8):following table of contents]","volume":"12","author":"Nestler","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.4\/enestler","article-title":"Cellular basis of memory for addiction","volume":"15","author":"Nestler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.004","article-title":"Polydrug abuse: a review of opioid and benzodiazepine combination use","volume":"125","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1159\/000339095","article-title":"Age-related aspects of addiction","volume":"58","author":"Koechl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib5","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders","author":"McHugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.12.94","article-title":"Epigenetics of drug abuse: predisposition or response","volume":"13","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib7","series-title":"Checks and Balances on Cholinergic Signaling in Brain and Body Function","author":"Soreq","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301585","article-title":"The role of acetylcholine in cocaine addiction","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-7-15","article-title":"Interaction of acetylcholinesterase with neurexin-1\u03b2 regulates glutamatergic synaptic stability in hippocampal neurons","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib10","article-title":"Estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in addiction","volume":"8","author":"Muhammad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med. Inst. Peshawar - Pak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.04.017","article-title":"Cognitive enhancers in the treatment of substance use disorders: clinical evidence","volume":"99","author":"Brady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205053585909","article-title":"Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in acetylcholinesterase as reflected in different populations","volume":"2","author":"Hasin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00228","article-title":"Naturally occurring genetic variants of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and their potential impact on the risk of toxicity from cholinesterase inhibitors","volume":"29","author":"Lockridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13928","article-title":"Personalized genetics of the cholinergic blockade of neuroinflammation","volume":"142","author":"Simchovitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1251-7","article-title":"Biochemical analysis and association of butyrylcholinesterase SNPs rs3495 and rs1803274 with substance abuse disorder","author":"Munir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00144-8","article-title":"Improved determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood","volume":"288","author":"Worek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.19.5444","article-title":"A rapid non-enzymatic method for the preparation of HMW DNA from blood for RFLP studies","volume":"19","author":"Lahiri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.046","article-title":"The brain on drugs: from reward to addiction","volume":"162","author":"Volkow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu170","article-title":"Competing targets of microRNA-608 affect anxiety and hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Hanin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.70","article-title":"Intensified vmPFC surveillance over PTSS under perturbed microRNA-608\/AChE interaction","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2014.00009","article-title":"Predicted overlapping microRNA regulators of acetylcholine packaging and degradation in neuroinflammation-related disorders","volume":"7","author":"Nadorp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-011-0376-z","article-title":"Hippocampal microRNA-132 mediates stress-inducible cognitive deficits through its acetylcholinesterase target","volume":"218","author":"Shaltiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.09.009","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and paraoxonase 1 activities in rats treated with cannabis, tramadol or both","volume":"9","author":"Abdel-Salam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.11.013","article-title":"Role of acetylcholine transmission in nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area in heroin-seeking induced by conditioned cues","volume":"144","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.130.12.1370","article-title":"Antagonistic effects of physostigmine and methylphenidate in man","volume":"130","author":"Janowsky","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.12.010","article-title":"The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine does not alter total choices for methamphetamine, but may reduce positive subjective effects, in a laboratory model of intravenous self-administration in human volunteers","volume":"89","author":"De La Garza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2165\/11310920-000000000-00000","article-title":"Cholinergic functioning in stimulant addiction: implications for medications development","volume":"23","author":"Sofuoglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib28","first-page":"68","article-title":"A placebo-controlled screening trial of tiagabine, sertraline and donepezil as cocaine dependence treatments, Addict","volume":"100","author":"Winhusen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Abingdon Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP44614","article-title":"Galantamine reduces smoking in alcohol-dependent patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Diehl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036_bib30","author":"UNODC (United Nations on Drugs and Crime)"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279719304399?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279719304399?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T13:56:30Z","timestamp":1757858190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279719304399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0009279719304399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of status of acetylcholinesterase and ACHE gene 3\u2019 UTR variants (rs17228602, rs17228616) with drug addiction vulnerability in pakistani population","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.05.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}