{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:40:19Z","timestamp":1768002019187,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T10:47:36Z","timestamp":1627296456000},"page":"109600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["1,3-Butadiene, styrene and selected outcomes among synthetic rubber polymer workers: Updated exposure-response analyses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"347","author":[{"given":"Nalini","family":"Sathiakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6468-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bolanle","family":"Bolaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilene","family":"Brill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ligong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0859-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan","family":"Tipre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Leader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0837-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarun","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Delzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib1","volume":"vol. 97","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib2","series-title":"Chemical Agents and Related Occupations Volume 100F","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib3","series-title":"14th Report on Carcinogens","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib4","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency, High-priority substance designations under the toxic substances control act (TSCA) and initiation of risk evaluation on high-priority substances; Notice of Availability. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2019\/12\/30\/2019-28225\/high-priority-substance-designations-under-the-toxic-substances-control-act-tsca-and-initiation-of (accessed 16 October 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib5","series-title":"Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens","first-page":"1","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib6","series-title":"Styrene, Styrene-7,8-Oxide, and Quinoline, Volume 121 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001688","article-title":"Mortality among men and women in the North American synthetic rubber industry, 1943 to 2009","volume":"61","author":"Sathiakumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib8","first-page":"289","article-title":"Cancer mortality in an international cohort of workers exposed to styrene","volume":"127","author":"Kogevinas","year":"1993","journal-title":"IARC Sci. Publ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.7.499","article-title":"Exposure to styrene and mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases","volume":"53","author":"Welp","year":"1996","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318281a30f","article-title":"Cancer mortality of workers exposed to styrene in the U.S. Reinforced plastics and composite industry","volume":"24","author":"Collins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102382","article-title":"Risk of cancer in workers exposed to styrene at eight British companies making glass-reinforced plastics","volume":"72","author":"Coggon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-102990","article-title":"Mortality among styrene-exposed workers in the reinforced plastic boatbuilding industry","volume":"73","author":"Ruder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201612-1026LE","article-title":"Deaths from nonmalignant respiratory disease in styrene-exposed workers: does obliterative bronchiolitis contribute to mortality?","volume":"14","author":"Nett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib14","series-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking \u2013 50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib15","series-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620490452004","article-title":"Historical estimation of exposure to 1,3-butadiene, styrene, and dimethyldithiocarbamate among synthetic rubber workers","volume":"1","author":"Macaluso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"An updated study of mortality among North American synthetic rubber industry workers","volume":"132","author":"Delzell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Health Eff. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5413","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6265","article-title":"STRengthening analytical thinking for observational studies: the STRATOS initiative","volume":"33","author":"Sauerbrei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib19","series-title":"Modern Epidemiology","first-page":"303","article-title":"Analysis of polytomous exposures and outcomes","author":"Greenland","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.737","article-title":"Attenuation of exposure-response curves in occupational cohort studies at high exposure levels","volume":"29","author":"Stayner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.018176","article-title":"An updated study of mortality among North American synthetic rubber industry workers, Occup","volume":"62","author":"Sathiakumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103598","article-title":"Mortality study of workers in 1,3-butadiene production units identified from a chemical workers cohort","volume":"103","author":"Ward","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(01)00186-7","article-title":"A mortality, morbidity, and hematology study of petrochemical employees potentially exposed to 1,3-butadiene monomer","volume":"135\u2013136","author":"Tsai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(01)00212-5","article-title":"A cohort mortality study among workers at a 1,3 butadiene facility","volume":"135\u2013136","author":"Divine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105131","article-title":"Cancer mortality in an international cohort of reinforced plastics workers exposed to styrene: a reanalysis","volume":"76","author":"Loomis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22853","article-title":"Cancer mortality update with an exposure response analysis among styrene-exposed workers in the reinforced plastics boatbuilding industry","volume":"61","author":"Bertke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106445","article-title":"Exposure-response assessment of cancer mortality in styrene-exposed boatbuilders","volume":"77","author":"Daniels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000608","article-title":"Cancer incidence in workers exposed to styrene in the Danish-reinforced plastics industry, 1968-2012","volume":"28","author":"Christensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib29","volume":"vols. 1\u201329","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.09.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of bladder cancer: a systematic review and contemporary update of risk factors in 2018","volume":"74","author":"Cumberbatch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181bd8972","article-title":"A follow-up study of mortality among women in the North American synthetic rubber industry","volume":"51","author":"Sathiakumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181c3c663","article-title":"1, 3-butadiene, styrene and lung cancer among synthetic rubber industry workers","volume":"51","author":"Sathiakumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22735","article-title":"Cancer incidence among boat-building workers exposed to styrene","volume":"60","author":"Ruder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2018.1445700","article-title":"A systematic review of epidemiologic studies of styrene and cancer","volume":"48","author":"Collins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.02.010","article-title":"Based on an analysis of mode of action, styrene-induced mouse lung tumors are not a human cancer concern","volume":"95","author":"Cruzan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00488-7","article-title":"The role of cytochromes P-450 in styrene induced pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenicity","volume":"169","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2019.1633718","article-title":"Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene - an update","volume":"22","author":"Banton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev."}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279721002386?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279721002386?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T14:04:55Z","timestamp":1757858695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279721002386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0009279721002386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"1,3-Butadiene, styrene and selected outcomes among synthetic rubber polymer workers: Updated exposure-response analyses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109600","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109600"}}