{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:19:43Z","timestamp":1792271983766,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,25]],"date-time":"2021-12-25T01:34:23Z","timestamp":1640396063000},"page":"109794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immunomodifying and neuroprotective effects of noscapine: Implications for multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"352","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7804-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meric A.","family":"Altinoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"Guloksuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysel","family":"Ozpinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.07.018","article-title":"Thymoquinone: an edible redox-active quinone for the pharmacotherapy of neurodegenerative conditions and glial brain tumors. A short review","volume":"83","author":"Elmaci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21357","article-title":"The noscapine chronicle: a pharmaco-historic biography of the opiate alkaloid family and its clinical applications","volume":"35","author":"Rida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200211314030010","article-title":"A review on noscapine, and its impact on heme metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metabol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2000.tb11929.x","article-title":"Codeine analgesia is due to codeine-6-glucuronide, not morphine","volume":"54","author":"Vree","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1202561","article-title":"Management of opioid analgesic overdose","volume":"367","author":"Boyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1006\/pulp.1996.0046","article-title":"Role of opioidergic and serotonergic mechanisms in cough and antitussives","volume":"9","author":"Kamei","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1601","article-title":"Opium alkaloid noscapine is an antitumor agent that arrests metaphase and induces apoptosis in dividing cells","volume":"95","author":"Ye","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02837-x","article-title":"Noscapine, a non-addictive opioid and microtubule-inhibitor in potential treatment of glioblastoma","volume":"44","author":"Altinoz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190802213480","article-title":"Effect of noscapine and vincristine combination on demyelination and cell proliferation in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Hiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1556\/036.102.2015.4.2","article-title":"Noscapine protects OLN-93 oligodendrocytes from ischemia-reperfusion damage: calcium and nitric oxide involvement","volume":"102","author":"Nadjafi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Hung."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib11","first-page":"244","article-title":"The protective activity of noscapine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Wistar rat","volume":"17","author":"Khanmoradi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.05.022","article-title":"Wheat germ agglutinin anchored chitosan microspheres of reduced brominated derivative of noscapine ameliorated acute inflammation in experimental colitis","volume":"132","author":"Kaur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.88.2001.3-4.5","article-title":"Efffect of noscapine, the antitussive opioid alkaloid, on bradykinin-induced smooth muscle contraction in the isolated ileum of the Guinea-pig","volume":"88","author":"Mahmoudian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Hung."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.90.2003.2.7","article-title":"Interaction of noscapine with the bradykinin mediation of the cough response","volume":"90","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Hung."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib15","first-page":"82","article-title":"Noscapine antagonizes vasoconstrictor action of bradykinin in isolated human umbilical artery","volume":"25","author":"Mahmoudian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00429.x","article-title":"Noscapine suppresses angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors-induced cough","volume":"10","author":"Mooraki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4331\/wjbc.v5.i2.130","article-title":"What have we learned about the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in neurological disorders?","volume":"5","author":"Naffah-Mazzacoratti Mda","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0834-y","article-title":"Vascular \u03b2-amyloid and early astrocyte alterations impair cerebrovascular function and cerebral metabolism in transgenic arcA\u03b2 mice","volume":"122","author":"Merlini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00027","article-title":"fMRI reveals mitigation of cerebrovascular dysfunction by bradykinin receptors 1 and 2 inhibitor noscapine in a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis","volume":"11","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.12.011","article-title":"Kinin receptors: key regulators of autoimmunity","volume":"16","author":"Dutra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib21","first-page":"603","article-title":"The effect of the alkaloid narcotine and its diols on tissue histamine levels","volume":"41","author":"Belcheva","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203137","article-title":"Systemic lack of canonical histamine receptor signaling results in increased resistance to autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"191","author":"Saligrama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.029","article-title":"Bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists inhibit IgE-dependent mast cell activation","volume":"134","author":"Ekoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.11.010","article-title":"The expression of bitter taste receptors in mesenteric, cerebral and omental arteries","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.01.057","article-title":"\"Tasting\" the cerebrospinal fluid: another function of the choroid plexus?","volume":"320","author":"Tom\u00e1s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.05.003","article-title":"Clinical implications of leukocyte infiltration at the choroid plexus in (neuro)inflammatory disorders","volume":"20","author":"Demeestere","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib27","article-title":"The choroid plexus in health and in disease: dialogues into and out of the brain","volume":"S0969\u20139961","author":"Marques","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.90.2003.4.4","article-title":"Reduction of the prenatal hypoxic-ischemic brain edema with noscapine","volume":"90","author":"Mahmoudian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Hung."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib29","first-page":"501","article-title":"The effect of noscapine on oxygen-glucose deprivation on primary murine cortical neurons in high glucose condition","volume":"15","author":"Vahabzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res. (IJPR)"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0676-1","article-title":"A preliminary report on the application of noscapine in the treatment of stroke","volume":"59","author":"Mahmoudian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib31","first-page":"12","article-title":"A novel effect of Noscapine on patients with massive ischemic stroke: a pseudo-randomized clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Mahmoudian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64575","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid-based kinetic biomarkers of axonal transport in monitoring neurodegeneration","volume":"122","author":"Fanara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23465","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703434200","article-title":"Stabilization of hyperdynamic microtubules is neuroprotective in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"282","author":"Fanara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2017.1272571","article-title":"Recent advances in acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Reactivators: an update on the patent literature (2012-2015)","volume":"27","author":"McHardy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib35","first-page":"221","article-title":"Data on the anticholinesterase effect of narcotin","volume":"17","author":"B\u00e1lint","year":"1967","journal-title":"Med Pharmacol Exp Int J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-4230","article-title":"Noscapine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, sensitizes leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents and cytokines by modulating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"70","author":"Sung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib37","first-page":"239","article-title":"NF-kappaB, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and cyclooxygenase-inhibitions as likely mechanisms behind the acetaminophen- and NSAID-prevention of the ovarian cancer","volume":"51","author":"Altinoz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150114160543","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, redox signaling and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: the NF-\u03baB connection","volume":"15","author":"Kaur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8830","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-20-08830.1999","article-title":"Domains responsible for constitutive and Ca(2+)-dependent interactions between calmodulin and small conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels","volume":"19","author":"Keen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2174\/1568007043337472","article-title":"Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+channels as targets of CNS drug development","volume":"3","author":"Blank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets - CNS Neurol. Disord."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7625","DOI":"10.1021\/jm800809f","article-title":"Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of 2-(N-substituted)-aminobenzimidazoles as potent negative gating modulators of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels","volume":"51","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705979","article-title":"Electrophysiological characterization of the SK channel blockers methyl-laudanosine and methyl-noscapine in cell lines and rat brain slices","volume":"143","author":"Scuv\u00e9e-Moreau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.008","article-title":"In vivo pharmacological manipulation of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels influences motor behavior, object memory and fear conditioning","volume":"58","author":"Vick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00096","article-title":"Modulating fear extinction memory by manipulating SK potassium channels in the infralimbic cortex","volume":"8","author":"Criado-Marrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib45","first-page":"568","article-title":"Anxiolytic effect of noscapine in mice","volume":"58","author":"Khodarahmi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.21416","article-title":"Chronic social isolation reduces 5-HT neuronal activity via upregulated SK3 calcium-activated potassium channels","volume":"5","author":"Sargin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02973950","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of noscapine on dopamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells","volume":"20","author":"Shin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib48","first-page":"331","article-title":"Noscapine modulates neuronal response to oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reperfusion injury via activation of sigma-1 receptor in primary cortical cultures","volume":"19","author":"Vahabzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res. (IJPR)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05549-6","article-title":"Noscapine protects the H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats against oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reperfusion injury","volume":"47","author":"Vahabzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00401","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced axon fragmentation is a consequence of reduced axonal transport in hereditary spastic paraplegia SPAST patient neurons","volume":"14","author":"Wali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02021","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in clinical trials for CNS disease and injury: where do we go from Here?","volume":"11","author":"Mallah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1401","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101401","article-title":"The role of natural compounds and their nanocarriers in the treatment of CNS inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Khadka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279721004324?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279721004324?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T14:06:03Z","timestamp":1757858763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279721004324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0009279721004324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immunomodifying and neuroprotective effects of noscapine: Implications for multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109794","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109794"}}