{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:06:26Z","timestamp":1790838386223,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:37:39Z","timestamp":1658443059000},"page":"110061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Supplemental treatment to atropine improves the efficacy to reverse nerve agent induced bronchoconstriction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"364","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Wigenstam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Artursson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Thors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostics and Treatment of Nerve Agent Poisoning-Current Status and Future Developments","author":"Amend","year":"2020"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14500","article-title":"Acute and long-term consequences of exposure to organophosphate nerve agents in humans","volume":"59","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Inhalational exposure to nerve agents","volume":"10","author":"Niven","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir. Care Clin."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1150CI","article-title":"Respiratory complications of organophosphorus nerve agent and insecticide poisoning. Implications for respiratory and critical care","volume":"190","author":"Hulse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib5","first-page":"225","article-title":"Central respiratory effects versus neuromuscular actions of nerve agents","volume":"7","author":"Rickett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib6","first-page":"202","article-title":"Neuromuscular structure and function in the airways","volume":"38","author":"Richardson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-105X.1000221","article-title":"Physiology of airway smooth muscle contraction: an overview","volume":"4","author":"Ouedraogo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pulm. Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102816","article-title":"Autonomic neuromuscular junctions","volume":"234","author":"Di Natale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.03.007","article-title":"Non-synaptic transmission at autonomic neuroeffector junctions","volume":"52","author":"Burnstock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.610964","article-title":"The neuromuscular junction in health and disease: molecular mechanisms governing synaptic formation and homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Rodriguez Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.02.020","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying airway smooth muscle contraction and proliferation: implications for asthma","volume":"102","author":"Pelaia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135157","article-title":"The NMJ as a model synapse: new perspectives on formation, synaptic transmission and maintenance: acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction","volume":"735","author":"Rotundo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134434","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at vertebrate motor endplates: endocytosis, recycling, and degradation","volume":"711","author":"Rudolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.26.3.f232","article-title":"m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor regulation in the airway","volume":"26","author":"Billington","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"5 Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.supplement_2.13tac120","article-title":"Muscarinic receptors and control of airway smooth muscle","volume":"158","author":"Fryer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06957-1","article-title":"Muscarinic receptor subtypes and smooth muscle function","volume":"48","author":"Eglen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2008","article-title":"Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function","volume":"89","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.2.700","article-title":"Inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission in human airways by beta 2-adrenoceptors","volume":"65","author":"Rhoden","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_64","volume":"237","author":"Billington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.2013-0003-RE","article-title":"Purinergic signalling: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential","volume":"62","author":"Burnstock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Keio J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.07.006","article-title":"Neurotransmitters in parasympathetic ganglionic neurons and nerves in mouse lower airway smooth muscle","volume":"189","author":"Balentova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2013.09.015","article-title":"Limitations and challenges in treatment of acute chemical warfare agent poisoning","volume":"206","author":"Thiermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02797-0","article-title":"Organophosphorus compounds and oximes: a critical review","volume":"94","author":"Worek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.002","article-title":"Restoration of soman-blocked neuromuscular transmission in human and rat muscle by the bispyridinium non-oxime MB327 in vitro","volume":"294","author":"Seeger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.05.1035","article-title":"Protection against nerve agent poisoning by a noncompetitive nicotinic antagonist","volume":"206","author":"Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.11.006","article-title":"Efficacy of the antinicotinic compound MB327 against soman poisoning - importance of experimental end point","volume":"293","author":"Price","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1540785","article-title":"COPD and asthma therapeutics for supportive treatment in organophosphate poisoning","volume":"57","author":"Herbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(94)90178-3","article-title":"Selective inactivation of muscarinic receptor subtypes","volume":"26","author":"Eglen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(13)60094-8","article-title":"Basic and modern concepts on cholinergic receptor: a review","volume":"3","author":"Tiwari P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pac. J. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01487-4","article-title":"Potential role of potassium channel openers in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"70","author":"Pelaia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0403OC","article-title":"Effects of formoterol on contraction and Ca2+ signaling of mouse airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"42","author":"Delmotte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.2.302","article-title":"Magnesium: physiology and pharmacology","volume":"83","author":"Fawcett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.04.005","article-title":"Potential therapeutic uses of mecamylamine and its stereoisomers","volume":"108","author":"Nickell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-5-27","article-title":"Nicotine signals through muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in both human bronchial epithelial cells and airway fibroblasts","volume":"5","author":"Carlisle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/md15100303","article-title":"Guanidinium toxins and their interactions with voltage-gated sodium ion channels","volume":"15","author":"Duran-Riveroll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib36","first-page":"S277","article-title":"Neuromuscular block","volume":"147","author":"Bowman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.8b00294","article-title":"Structural insights of stereospecific inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase by VX and subsequent reactivation by HI-6","volume":"31","author":"Bester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib38","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.2007138","article-title":"Immediate allergic response in small airways","volume":"163","author":"Wohlsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2021.115512","article-title":"Efficacy of atropine and scopolamine on airway contractions following exposure to the nerve agent VX","volume":"419","author":"Wigenstam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00409.2010","article-title":"Electric field stimulation of precision-cut lung slices","volume":"110","author":"Schlep\u00fctz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2021.115512","article-title":"Efficacy of atropine and scopolamine on airway contractions following exposure to the nerve agent VX","author":"Wigenstam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.05.027","article-title":"Crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase in complex with HI-6, Ortho-7 and obidoxime: structural basis for differences in the ability to reactivate tabun conjugates","volume":"72","author":"Ekstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2017.07.011","article-title":"Precision cut lung slices as test system for candidate therapeutics in organophosphate poisoning","volume":"389","author":"Herbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib46","first-page":"252","article-title":"Nicotine-induced airway smooth muscle contraction: neural mechanisms involving the airway epithelium. Functional and histologic studies in vitro","volume":"70","author":"Hahn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.52.5.886","article-title":"Potentiation and inhibition of neuronal nicotinic receptors by atropine: competitive and noncompetitive effects","volume":"52","author":"Zwart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705124","article-title":"Interactions of atropine with heterologously expressed and native alpha 3 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"138","author":"Parker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0752492.x","article-title":"Competitive potentiation of acetylcholine effects on neuronal nicotinic receptors by acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting drugs","volume":"75","author":"Zwart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"12A","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1995.tb03286.x","article-title":"Simultaneous comparison of nicotinic receptor antagonists on three nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"47","author":"Kerr","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00621","article-title":"Acetylcholine-induced inhibition of presynaptic calcium signals and transmitter release in the frog neuromuscular junction","volume":"7","author":"Khaziev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1984.tb10801.x","article-title":"The channel-blocking action of methonium compounds on rat submandibular ganglion cells","volume":"82","author":"Gurney","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13493-7","article-title":"The acetylcholine receptor of the neuromuscular junction recognizes mecamylamine as a noncompetitive antagonist","volume":"28","author":"Varanda","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.01.054","article-title":"A role for M(2) and M(3) muscarinic receptors in the contraction of rat and human small airways","volume":"702","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-0600(90)90009-8","article-title":"Muscarinic M3 receptors mediate contraction of human central and peripheral airway smooth muscle","volume":"3","author":"Roffel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-73","article-title":"Muscarinic receptor signaling in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD","volume":"7","author":"Gosens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zqab053","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqab053","article-title":"Contribution of postjunctional M2 muscarinic receptors to cholinergic nerve-mediated contractions of murine airway smooth muscle","volume":"3","author":"Alkawadri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Function (Oxf)"},{"issue":"10270","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32749-5","article-title":"Organophosphorus poisoning: the wet opioid toxidrome","volume":"397","author":"Eddleston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1241","article-title":"Reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited human AChE by combinations of obidoxime and HI 6 in vitro","volume":"27","author":"Worek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13498.x","article-title":"Ion channel blockade by oximes and recovery of diaphragm muscle from soman poisoning in vitro","volume":"108","author":"Tattersall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932105","article-title":"Oxime reactivators and their in vivo and in vitro effects on nicotinic receptors","volume":"60","author":"Soukup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-20-81","article-title":"Advances in toxicology and medical treatment of chemical warfare nerve agents","volume":"20","author":"Moshiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib63","series-title":"Report of the Fact-Finding Mission in Syria Regarding Alleged Incidents in Ltamenah","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8711","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91877-D","article-title":"Attenuation of nocturnal asthma by cromakalim","volume":"336","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib65","first-page":"114","article-title":"Cromakalim, a potassium channel activator, inhibits histamine induced bronchoconstriction in healthy volunteers","volume":"24","author":"Baird","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.2.130","article-title":"Effect of an oral potassium channel activator, BRL 38227, on airway function and responsiveness in asthmatic patients: comparison with oral salbutamol","volume":"48","author":"Kidney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00923.x","article-title":"Potassium channel openers as potential therapeutic weapons in ion channel disease","volume":"57","author":"Lawson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1446532","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate and calcium channel blocking drugs as antidotes for acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning - a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Brvar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2012.757318","article-title":"Phase II study of magnesium sulfate in acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning","volume":"51","author":"Basher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.194585","article-title":"Study of effect of magnesium sulphate in management of acute organophosphorous pesticide poisoning","volume":"11","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth. Essays Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.350","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of adding magnesium sulfate in treatment of organophosphorus poisoning","volume":"6","author":"Jamshidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib72","first-page":"40","article-title":"The potential role of intravenous magnesium sulfate administration on the outcome of acute organophosphorus toxicity. A prospective study in poison control center ain shams University ain shams","volume":"32","author":"Taftazany","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Forensic Med. Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327104ht489oa","article-title":"Benefits of magnesium sulfate in the management of acute human poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides","volume":"23","author":"Pajoumand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/sjfms.sjfms_5_18","article-title":"Clinical benefits of magnesium sulfate in management of acute organophosphorus poisoning","volume":"1","author":"Elbarrany","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Forensic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep150","article-title":"Current concepts in neuromuscular transmission","volume":"103","author":"Fagerlund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680509800307","article-title":"Nicotinic antagonists in the treatment of nerve agent intoxication","volume":"98","author":"Sheridan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.01.013","article-title":"Molecular determinants of binding of non-oxime bispyridinium nerve agent antidote compounds to the adult muscle nAChR","volume":"340","author":"Epstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135811","article-title":"Bispyridinium compounds inhibit both muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human cell lines","volume":"10","author":"Ring","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.08.013","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic profile and quantitation of protection against soman poisoning by the antinicotinic compound MB327 in the Guinea-pig","volume":"244","author":"Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.11.007","article-title":"The efficacy of HI-6 DMS in a sustained infusion against percutaneous VX poisoning in the Guinea-pig","volume":"293","author":"Whitmore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200625040-00004","article-title":"Development of the bisquaternary oxime HI-6 toward clinical use in the treatment of organophosphate nerve agent poisoning","volume":"25","author":"Lundy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00884","article-title":"Bitter taste receptors for asthma therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Nayak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2018.10.3.187","article-title":"The emerging role of TRPV1 in airway inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.09.004","article-title":"Efficacy of atropine sulfate\/obidoxime chloride co-formulation against sarin exposure in Guinea pigs","volume":"296","author":"Joosen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.03.009","article-title":"Translating pharmacology models effectively to predict therapeutic benefit","volume":"27","author":"Dudal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279722002666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279722002666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:50:06Z","timestamp":1762113006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279722002666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0009279722002666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Supplemental treatment to atropine improves the efficacy to reverse nerve agent induced bronchoconstriction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110061","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110061"}}