{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:00:40Z","timestamp":1793152840739,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T23:04:46Z","timestamp":1664579086000},"page":"110202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ursolic and oleanolic acids in combination therapy inhibit migration of colon cancer cells through down-regulation of the uPA\/uPAR-dependent MMPs pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"368","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3073-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Piet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Paduch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, CA","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2011.05.002","article-title":"Initial steps of metastasis: cell invasion and endothelial transmigration","volume":"728","author":"van Zijl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.09.007","article-title":"Origins of metastatic traits","volume":"24","author":"Vanharanta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.015","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases: regulators of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"141","author":"Kessenbrock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2015.03.008","article-title":"Tissue invasion and metastasis: molecular, biological and clinical perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/521754","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta and matrix metalloproteinases: functional interactions in tumor stroma-infiltrating myeloid cells","author":"Krstic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2010.12.002","article-title":"Proteolytic networks in cancer","volume":"21","author":"Mason","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2174\/156800909787314002","article-title":"The urokinase plasminogen activator system: a target for anti-cancer therapy","volume":"9","author":"Ulisse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13240","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131013240","article-title":"The behavior of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in colorectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Hersz\u00e9nyi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgv034","article-title":"The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis","volume":"36","author":"Ochieng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.316","article-title":"Roles of TGF\u03b2 in metastasis","volume":"19","author":"Padua","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.01.012","article-title":"Multilevel regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in tissue homeostasis indicates their molecular specificity in vivo","volume":"44\u201346","author":"Gaffney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00175-0","article-title":"Involvement of PA\/plasmin system in the processing of pro-MMP-9 and in the second step of pro-MMP-2 activation","volume":"405","author":"Baramova","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21903","article-title":"Simultaneous knockdown of uPA and MMP9 can reduce breast cancer progression by increasing cell-cell adhesion and modulating EMT genes","volume":"6","author":"Moirangthem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2088","article-title":"Interaction between cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts is required for activation of the uPAR-uPA-MMP-2 cascade in pancreatic cancer metastasis","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-5050-x","article-title":"TRPM7 overexpression enhances the cancer stem cell-like and metastatic phenotypes of lung cancer through modulation of the Hsp90\u03b1\/uPA\/MMP2 signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.04.031","article-title":"Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2014.12.002","article-title":"Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: bringing new life to old ideas","volume":"2","author":"Cathcart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.05.002","article-title":"Progress in matrix metalloproteinase research","volume":"29","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Aspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.01.019","article-title":"Moving targets: emerging roles for MMPs in cancer progression and metastasis","author":"Shay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.08.044","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases: changing roles in tumor progression and metastasis","volume":"181","author":"Shuman Moss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib22","first-page":"44","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis: MMP-mediated induction of intravasation- and metastasis-sustaining neovasculature","author":"Deryugina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.80","article-title":"MMP-2 and MMP-9 in normal mucosa are independently associated with outcome of colorectal cancer patients","volume":"106","author":"Langers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2008.11.022","article-title":"Molecular interactions in cancer cell metastasis","volume":"112","author":"Brooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2012.10.003","article-title":"The urokinase plasminogen activator system in breast cancer invasion and metastasis","volume":"67","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.029","article-title":"Diversity and functional evolution of the plasminogen activator system","volume":"98","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2012.05.004","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a link between cancer and inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Fuxe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.07.012","article-title":"Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal plasticity: a central regulator of cancer progression","volume":"25","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.08.009","article-title":"EMT: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"182","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.06.030","article-title":"Ursolic acid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla activates human dendritic cells via TLR2 and\/or TLR4 and induces the production of IFN-\u03b3 by CD4+ na\u00efve T cells","volume":"643","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19011317","article-title":"Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ursolic acid and derivatives","volume":"19","author":"do Nascimento","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031318","article-title":"Potent anti-inflammatory activity of ursolic acid, a triterpenoid antioxidant, is mediated through suppression of NF-\u03baB, AP-1 and NF-AT","volume":"7","author":"Checker","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2014.58","article-title":"Ursolic acid ameliorates autoimmune arthritis via suppression of Th17 and B cell differentiation","volume":"35","author":"Baek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.12.009","article-title":"Modulation of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens by oleanolic acid and ursolic acid","volume":"19","author":"Kurek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.2040","article-title":"Ursolic acid promotes colorectal cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation via modulation of multiple signaling pathways","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.09.024","article-title":"Ursolic acid induces apoptosis of SW480 cells via p53 activation","volume":"62","author":"Nam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.3198","article-title":"Oleanolic acid modulates multiple intracellular targets to inhibit colorectal cancer growth","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B0920149","article-title":"Ursolic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HT-29 colon cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR\/MAPK pathway","volume":"10","author":"Shan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1188\/09.CJON.285-296","article-title":"Managing toxicities associated with colorectal cancer chemotherapy and targeted therapy: a new guide for nurses","volume":"13","author":"Grenon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib40","article-title":"Colorectal cancer","volume":"1","author":"Kuipers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90034-5","article-title":"A tetrazolium-based colorimetric MTT assay to quantitate human monocyte mediated cytotoxicity against leukemic cells from cell lines and patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"174","author":"van de Loosdrecht","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.75","article-title":"Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability\/cytotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Repetto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2018.02.005","article-title":"Tetrazolium salts and formazan products in Cell Biology: viability assessment, fluorescence imaging, and labeling perspectives","volume":"120","author":"Stockert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.44","article-title":"Guidelines for cell viability assays","volume":"1","author":"Kamiloglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Front"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics3010107","article-title":"Cell migration and invasion assays as tools for drug discovery","volume":"3","author":"Hulkower","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.36224","article-title":"An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy","volume":"8","author":"Jonkman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Adhes. Migrat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7111-4_8","article-title":"Zymography as a research tool in the study of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors","volume":"1626","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2010.02.011","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase activity assays: importance of zymography","volume":"61","author":"Kupai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2005.11.007","article-title":"Western blotting","volume":"38","author":"Kurien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.100998","article-title":"Western blot: technique, theory, and trouble shooting","volume":"4","author":"Mahmood","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14816","article-title":"Natural compounds as potential adjuvants to cancer therapy: preclinical evidence","volume":"177","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.12.039","article-title":"Natural compounds and combination therapy in colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"144","author":"Rejhov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1738218","article-title":"Cancer prevention and treatment using combination therapy with natural compounds","volume":"13","author":"Sauter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.4213","article-title":"Ursolic acid inhibits the proliferation of human ovarian cancer stem-like cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib55","first-page":"109","article-title":"Necrotic effect versus apoptotic nature of camptothecin in human cervical cancer cells, Iran","volume":"5","author":"Zare-Mirakabadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.134","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI for imaging cell death after cytotoxic or apoptosis-inducing therapy","volume":"112","author":"Papaevangelou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib57","first-page":"1945","article-title":"Biologically active triterpenoids and their cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bioanal. Biomed. S"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.060","article-title":"Protective effect of ursolic acid on ethanol-mediated experimental liver damage in rats","volume":"78","author":"Saravanan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.05.015","article-title":"Hepatoprotective properties of oleanolic and ursolic acids in antitubercular drug-induced liver damage","volume":"9","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Rebolledo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.05.007","article-title":"Evaluation of gastroprotective activity of Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Myrtaceae) leaves in rats","volume":"118","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib61","article-title":"Ursolic acid simultaneously targets multiple signaling pathways to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9295","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3261","article-title":"A pentacyclic triterpene natural product, ursolic acid and its prodrug US597 inhibit targets within cell adhesion pathway and prevent cancer metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Xiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib63","article-title":"Oleanolic acid suppresses migration and invasion of malignant glioma cells by inactivating MAPK\/ERK signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib64","first-page":"494","article-title":"Ursolic acid inhibits epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition by suppressing the expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 in human nonsmall cell lung cancer A549 cells, Anticancer","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2010.07919.x","article-title":"Roles of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression and their pharmacological targeting","volume":"278","author":"Gialeli","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.01.034","article-title":"Matrix-metalloproteinases as targets for controlled delivery in cancer: an analysis of upregulation and expression","volume":"259","author":"Isaacson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900414","article-title":"Ursolic acid, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, suppresses migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells by modulating c-Jun N -terminal kinase, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling","volume":"54","author":"Yeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2014.2735","article-title":"Ursolic acid inhibits the invasive phenotype of SNU-484 human gastric cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2805","article-title":"Ursolic acid inhibits growth and metastasis of human colorectal cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model by targeting multiple cell signaling pathways: chemosensitization with capecitabine","volume":"18","author":"Prasad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2017.21.2.197","article-title":"Effect of oleanolic acid on the activity, secretion and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in articular chondrocytes in vitro and the production of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in vivo","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"KOREAN J. PHYSIOL. PHARMACOL."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2006-11-1203","article-title":"Antiprotease and antimetastatic activity of ursolic acid isolated from Salvia officinalis","volume":"61","author":"Jedin\u00e1k","year":"2006","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2007.05.004","article-title":"Microdomains in mixed monolayers of oleanolic and stearic acids: thermodynamic study and BAM observation at the air\u2013water interface and AFM and FTIR analysis of LB monolayers","volume":"149","author":"Teixeira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-010-9183-z","article-title":"Saponins as cytotoxic agents: a review","volume":"9","author":"Podolak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.01.010","article-title":"Effects of ursolic acid on the structural and morphological behaviours of dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles","volume":"1848","author":"L\u0151rincz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6991","DOI":"10.1021\/bi8006324","article-title":"The glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor: a complex membrane-anchoring structure for proteins","volume":"47","author":"Paulick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib76","article-title":"Spontaneous insertion of GPI anchors into cholesterol-rich membrane domains","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIP Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S110505","article-title":"Ursolic acid sensitizes cisplatin-resistant HepG2\/DDP cells to cisplatin via inhibiting Nrf 2\/ARE pathway","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24433","article-title":"Triterpenes augment the inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on growth of human esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro and suppress experimental metastasis in vivo","volume":"125","author":"Yamai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1600266","article-title":"Ursolic acid sensitized colon cancer cells to chemotherapy under hypoxia by inhibiting MDR1 through HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"17","author":"Shan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib80","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Oleanolic acid potentiates the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil in pancreatic cancer cells, Oncol","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"For. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-016-0295-0","article-title":"Ursolic acid synergistically enhances the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Shan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13425","article-title":"Ursolic acid enhances the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer by inhibition of drug resistance","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7537","article-title":"Ursolic acid inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer and enhances the antitumor potential of gemcitabine in an orthotopic mouse model through suppression of the inflammatory microenvironment","volume":"7","author":"Prasad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279722004070?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279722004070?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T14:10:27Z","timestamp":1757859027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279722004070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0009279722004070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ursolic and oleanolic acids in combination therapy inhibit migration of colon cancer cells through down-regulation of the uPA\/uPAR-dependent MMPs pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110202","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110202"}}