{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:55:44Z","timestamp":1762113344314,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032164","name":"Univerzita Obrany","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032164","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013986","name":"HM Government of the UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T17:28:14Z","timestamp":1741454894000},"page":"111470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The synthesis and influence of the novel bispyridinium compound LB1 on the effectiveness of the standard antidotal treatment of organophosphorus nerve agent intoxicated mice and some structure-activity considerations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"413","author":[{"given":"Jiri","family":"Kassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael E.","family":"Ambler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5678-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynda J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3115-0486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6902-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Christopher","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4313-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Timperley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2014.0891","article-title":"Toxicity and medical countermeasure studies on the organophosphorus nerve agents VM and VX","volume":"471","author":"Rice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2024.110973","article-title":"The risk associated with organophosphorus nerve agents: from their discovery to their unavoidable threat, current medical countermeasures and perspectives","volume":"395","author":"Voros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00188a010","article-title":"Synthesis of pyridinium analogues of acetylcholine and their interactions with intestinal muscarinic receptors","volume":"22","author":"Kuhnen-Clausen","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01239201","article-title":"Interactions of bisquaternary pyridine salts (H-oximes) with cholinergic receptors","volume":"54","author":"Kuhnen-Clausen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(04)38006-6","article-title":"Organophosphates\/nerve agent poisoning: mechanism of action, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Bajgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X11311030006","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"11","author":"Colovi\u0107","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.04.009","article-title":"The value of novel oximes for treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus compounds","volume":"139","author":"Worek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib8","first-page":"266","article-title":"Counteracting poisoning with chemical warfare agents","volume":"71","author":"Hrvat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.08.033","article-title":"Testing of antidotes for organophosphorus compounds: experimental procedures and clinical reality","volume":"233","author":"Eyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib10","series-title":"Best Synthetic Methods \u2013 Organophosphorus (V) Chemistry","first-page":"33","article-title":"Toxicology and medical treatment of organophosphorus compounds","author":"Timperley","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib11","series-title":"Fluorine Chemistry at the Millennium - Fascinated by Fluorine","first-page":"499","article-title":"Highly-toxic fluorine compounds","author":"Timperley","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200625040-00009","article-title":"The role of oximes in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning in civilian casualties","volume":"25","author":"Marrs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026611209061775","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship and efficacy of pyridinium oximes in the treatment of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds: a review of recent data","volume":"12","author":"Jokanovi\u0107","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1039\/C2MD00258B","article-title":"1,1'-(Propane-1,3-diyl)bis(4-tert-butylpyridinium) di(methanesulfonate) protects guinea pigs from soman poisoning when used as part of a combined therapy","volume":"3","author":"Timperley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib15","first-page":"49","article-title":"Anticholinesterase toxicity. Current Opin","volume":"4","author":"Tattersall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02797-0","article-title":"Organophosphorus compounds and oximes: a critical review","volume":"94","author":"Worek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib17","first-page":"1515","article-title":"Reaktivierung phosphorylierter Acetylcholinesterase (AChE): quart\u00e4re Salze vinyloger Pyridinaldoxime [Reactivation of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE): quaternary salts of vinylogous pyridinealdoximes]","volume":"26","author":"Hagedorn","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneim. Forschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib18","first-page":"2055","article-title":"Reaktivierung phosphorylierter Acetylcholinesterase; isomere bisquart\u00e4re Salze von Pyridiniumaldoximen [Reactivation of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase; isomeric bisquaternary salts of pyridinealdoximes]","volume":"28","author":"Hagedorn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arzneim. Forschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1038\/1821672a0","article-title":"Protection by oximes of bis-pyridinium ions against lethal diisopropyl phosphonofluoridate poisoning","volume":"182","author":"Hobbiger","year":"1958","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1021\/jo01099a019","article-title":"Pyridinium aldoximes","volume":"23","author":"Poziomek","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib21","series-title":"Cholinesterases and Anticholinesterase Agents","first-page":"989","article-title":"Anticholinesterase intoxication in man and its treatment","volume":"vol. 15","author":"Grob","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib22","first-page":"767","article-title":"Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning: review of the current literature and summary of clinical and laboratory experience in southern Israel","volume":"10","author":"Leibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Practical Guide for Medical Management of Chemical Warfare Casualties","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib23"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(65)90059-6","article-title":"Toxogonin in sarin, soman and tabun poisoning","volume":"14","author":"Heilbronn","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(76)90049-6","article-title":"Protective activity of pyridinium salts against soman poisoning in vivo and in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Schoene","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib26","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pyridinium salts as organophosphate antagonists","volume":"7","author":"Schoene","year":"1980","journal-title":"Monogr. Neural Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03208345","article-title":"In vitro oxime-induced reactivation of various molecular forms of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in striated muscle from rat, monkey and human","volume":"68","author":"Clement","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(78)90516-6","article-title":"Effects of 1,1'-oxydimethylene bis(4-tert-butylpyridinium chloride) (SAD-128) and decamethonium on reactivation of soman- and sarin-inhibited cholinesterase by oximes","volume":"27","author":"Harris","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00334637","article-title":"Mechanism of action of HI-6 on soman inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in preparations of rat and human skeletal muscle; comparison to SAD-128 and PAM-2","volume":"63","author":"Grubic","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(90)90093-Z","article-title":"A contribution to the mechanism of action of SAD-128","volume":"40","author":"Stalc","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13498.x","article-title":"Ion channel blockade by oximes and recovery of diaphragm muscle from soman poisoning in vitro","volume":"108","author":"Tattersall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90408-4","article-title":"Binding of soman antidotes to acetylcholine receptors","volume":"36","author":"Broomfield","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22626-X","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase reactivators modify the functional properties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channel","volume":"245","author":"Alkondon","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22818-X","article-title":"The nonoxime bispyridinium compound SAD-128 alters the kinetic properties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channel: a possible mechanism for antidotal effects","volume":"250","author":"Alkondon","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.01.027","article-title":"3-Quinuclidinyl-\u03b1-methoxydiphenylacetate: a multi-targeted ligand with antimuscarinic and antinicotinic effects designed for the treatment of anticholinesterase poisoning","volume":"325","author":"Timperley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.05.1035","article-title":"Protection against nerve agent poisoning by a noncompetitive nicotinic antagonist","volume":"206","author":"Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.06.009","article-title":"Interaction of bispyridinium compounds with the orthosteric binding site of human \u03b17 and Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)","volume":"206","author":"Niessen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2013.10.012","article-title":"Affinities of bispyridinium non-oxime compounds to [3H]epibatidine binding sites of Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptors depend on linker length","volume":"206","author":"Niessen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2016.1162249","article-title":"Evaluation of the benefit of the bispyridinium compound MB327 for the antidotal treatment of nerve agent-poisoned mice","volume":"26","author":"Kassa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12935","article-title":"Evaluation of the influence of three newly developed bispyridinium anti-nicotinic compounds (MB408, MB442, MB444) on the efficacy of antidotal treatment of nerve agent poisoning in mice","volume":"122","author":"Kassa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bas. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.07.008","article-title":"Some benefit from non-oximes MB408, MB442 and MB444 in combination with the oximes HI-6 or obidoxime and atropine in antidoting sarin or cyclosarin poisoned mice","volume":"408","author":"Kassa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2020.1817218","article-title":"Influence of experimental end point on the therapeutic efficacy of the antinicotinic compounds MB408, MB442 and MB444 in treating nerve agent poisoned mice \u2013 a comparison with oxime-based treatment","volume":"30","author":"Kassa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040192","article-title":"Influence of experimental end point on the therapeutic effiacy of essential and additional antidotes in organophosphorus nerve agent-intoxicated mice","volume":"10","author":"Kassa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.08.013","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic profile and quantitation of protection against soman poisoning by the antinicotinic compound MB327 in the guinea-pig","volume":"244","author":"Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.11.006","article-title":"Efficacy of the antinicotinic compound MB327 against soman poisoning - importance of experimental end point","volume":"293","author":"Price","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2019.01.004","article-title":"Advice on assistance and protection provided by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons: Part 1. On medical care and treatment of injuries from nerve agents","volume":"415","author":"Timperley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.11.009","volume":"413","author":"Timperley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib48"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib49","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Darstellung und Quaternierung von Pyridinaldoxim-alkyl\u00e4thern [Synthesis and quaternization of pyridinaldoxime alkyl ethers]","volume":"26","author":"Hagedorn","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneim. Forsch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00091a031","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanism for oxime formation from pyridin-2-, -3-, and -4-carboxaldehydes","volume":"59","author":"Malpica","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluchem.2011.05.028","article-title":"Synthesis of some fluorine-containing pyridinealdoximes of potential use for the treatment of organophosphorus nerve-agent poisoning","volume":"132","author":"Timperley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fluorine Chem."},{"year":"1960","series-title":"(to Dr. F. Rashig, G.m.b.H. Ludwigschafen, Rhine, Germany), O-Ethers of Pyridine Aldoximes","author":"Steinhards","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib52"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluchem.2005.05.004","article-title":"Fluorinated pyridine derivatives: Part 1. The synthesis of some mono- and bis-quaternary pyridine salts of potential use in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning","volume":"126","author":"Timperley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fluorine Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01559a067","article-title":"Oximes of the pyridine series","volume":"79","author":"Ginsburg","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"year":"1955","series-title":"(General Aniline & Film Corporation), Preparation of Bis-Chloromethyl Ether","author":"Buc","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib55"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.19100430257","article-title":"Darstellung organischer Jodide aus den entsprechenden Bromiden und Chloriden [Preparation of organic iodides from the corresponding bromides and chlorides]","volume":"43","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1910","journal-title":"Ber. Deut. Chem. Ges."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.200300795","article-title":"Synthesis, biological activity, and docking studies of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors of the bispyridinium type","volume":"336","author":"Kapkov\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/recl.19450640202","article-title":"Preparation of 4-pyridylmethanal","volume":"64","author":"Wibaut","year":"1945","journal-title":"Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1080\/00032710701588531","article-title":"HPLC analysis of HI-6 dichloride and dimethanesulfonate \u2013 antidotes against nerve agents and organophosphorus pesticides","volume":"40","author":"Jun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"year":"1987","series-title":"Manual of Pharmacologic Calculations with Computer Programs","author":"Tallarida","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib60"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.07.019","article-title":"Antidotal treatment of GF-agent intoxication in mice with bispyridinium oximes","volume":"207","author":"Sevelova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2007.701","article-title":"Unequal efficacy of pyridinium oximes in acute organophosphate poisoning","volume":"5","author":"Antonijevic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01479a053","article-title":"Configurational analysis of 4-formyl-1-methylpyridinium iodide oximes and its relationship to a molecular complementarity theory on the reactivation of inhibited acetylcholinesterase","volume":"83","author":"Poziomek","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/bscb.19931020910","article-title":"Synth\u00e8se et st\u00e9r\u00e9ochimie autour de la double liaison C=N- des \u00e9thers d\u2019oximes \"Les O-alkyles de l\u2019oxime de naphtald\u00e9hydes-1 et -2\"","volume":"102","author":"Dinia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull. Chim. Soc. Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.20-1240","article-title":"A crystallographic study of N-methyl-pyridine-2-aldoxime (2-PAM) halides","volume":"20","author":"Carlstr\u00f6m","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Chem. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3184\/030823408X318424","article-title":"Configurational assignment of long-chain alkylated pyridinium aldoxime bromides by Noesy experiments","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.8b00294","article-title":"Structural insights of stereospecific inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase by VX and subsequent reactivation by HI-6","volume":"31","author":"Bester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976448","article-title":"Synthesis and biological activity of conformationally controlled 2-PAM derivatives","volume":"23","author":"Jahng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(94)01012-4","article-title":"Separation of geometrical syn and anti isomers of obidoxime by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"693","author":"Sp\u00f6hrer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.1270160103","article-title":"Carbon-13 NMR characterization of the bispyridinium oximes, toxogonin, HS-3, HS-6 and HI-6","volume":"16","author":"Waysbort","year":"1981","journal-title":"Org. Mag. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib71","first-page":"764","article-title":"Stability of mono- and bisbenzyloxime ethers of the acetylcholinesterase reactivator TMB-4","volume":"52","author":"Inkmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135811","article-title":"Bispyridinium compounds inhibit both muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human cell lines","volume":"10","author":"Ring","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153741","article-title":"Restoration of nerve agent impaired neuromuscular transmission in rat diaphragm by bispyridinium non-oximes - structure-activity relationships","volume":"503","author":"Amend","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.04.015","article-title":"The use of bispyridinium non-oxime analogues for the restoration of nerve agent impaired neuromuscular transmission in rat hemidiaphragms \u2013 structure optimization","volume":"397","author":"Amend","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2011.00808.x","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of newly developed reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase with commonly used pyridostigmine as pharmacological pre-treatment of soman-poisoned mice","volume":"110","author":"Kassa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bas. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S133038","article-title":"Development of small bisquaternary cholinesterase inhibitors as drugs for pretreatment of nerve agent poisonings","volume":"12","author":"Kuca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Develop. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2174\/138527207779940874","article-title":"The development of new structural analogues of oximes for the antidotal treatment of poisoning by nerve agents and the comparison of their reactivating and therapeutic efficacy with currently available oximes","volume":"11","author":"Kassa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quaternary hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium salts. The dichloride of bis-(4-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinium-methyl)-ether (L\u00fcH6), a new reactivator of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organic phosphoric acid esters","volume":"14","author":"L\u00fcttringhaus","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arzneim. Forschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib79","first-page":"5","volume":"14","author":"Erdmann","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arzneim. Forschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00577721","article-title":"Pyridinium- und Imidazoliumsalze als Antidote gegen\u00fcber Soman- und Paraoxonvergiftungen bei M\u00e4usen [Pyridinium and imidazolium salts as antidotes for soman and paraoxon poisoning in mice]","volume":"26","author":"Oldiges","year":"1970","journal-title":"Archiv. Toxikol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.197203071","article-title":"Reactivation of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase - dependence upon activator acidity","volume":"11","author":"Hagedorn","year":"1972","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.196706151","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase","volume":"6","author":"Engelhard","year":"1967","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.09.014","article-title":"In memory of Ilse Hagedorn","volume":"1\u20133","author":"Eyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-022-00737-3","article-title":"Structural mechanism of muscle nicotinic receptor desensitization and block by curare","volume":"29","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib85","first-page":"649","article-title":"Potential of memantine, D-tubocurarine, and atropine in preventing acute toxic myopathy induced by organophosphate nerve agents: soman, sarin, tabun and VX","volume":"13","author":"Gupta","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90182-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of oximes 2-PAM and HI-6 in recovery of muscle function depressed by organophosphate agents in the rat hemidiaphragm: an in vitro study","volume":"17","author":"Reddy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050340","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of oximes: how relevant are they?","volume":"70","author":"Van Helden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680509800307","article-title":"Nicotinic antagonists in the treatment of nerve agent intoxication","volume":"98","author":"Sheridan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.3c00308","article-title":"Symmetrical bispyridinium compounds act as open channel blockers of cation-selective ion channels","volume":"7","author":"Haufe","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.002","article-title":"Restoration of soman-blocked neuromuscular transmission in human and rat muscle by the bispyridinium non-oxime MB327 in vitro","volume":"294","author":"Seeger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.02.002","article-title":"Functional analysis of Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in multiple activation states by SSM-based electrophysiology","volume":"247","author":"Niessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.08.019","article-title":"Centrally acting oximes in reactivation of tabun-phosphoramidated AChE","volume":"203","author":"Kovarik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.017","article-title":"Reevaluation of indirect field stimulation technique to demonstrate oxime effectiveness in OP-poisoning in muscles in vitro","volume":"233","author":"Seeger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"year":"2007","series-title":"Non-competitive Nicotinic Antagonists for the Treatment of Anticholinesterase Poisoning","author":"Turner","key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib94"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2017.33.2.171","article-title":"Annual tendency of research papers to use ICR mice as experimental animals in biomedical research fields","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70215d","article-title":"Metabonomic investigations of age- and batch-related variations in female NMRI mice using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557514666141128102837","article-title":"Development and structural modifications of cholinesterase reactivators against chemical warfare agents in last decade: a review","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201800325","article-title":"Synthesis of a series of structurally diverse MB327 derivatives and their affinity characterization at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"13","author":"Rappengl\u00fcck","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2022.11.018","article-title":"A novel binding site in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for MB327 can explain its allosteric modulation relevant for organophosphorus-poisoning treatment","volume":"373","author":"Kaiser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.10.024","article-title":"Searching for putative binding sites of the bispyridinium compound MB327 in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"293","author":"Wein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2174\/1573409914666180703120201","article-title":"New resensitizers for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by ligand-based pharmacophore modeling","volume":"15","author":"Wein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Comput. Aided Drug Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.01.013","article-title":"Molecular determinants of binding of non-oxime bispyridinium nerve agent antidote compounds to the adult muscle nAChR","volume":"340","author":"Epstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.01.003","article-title":"MS binding assays with UNC0642 as reporter ligand for the MB327 binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"392","author":"Nitsche","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.02.004","article-title":"Screening for new ligands of the MB327-PAM-1 binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"394","author":"Sichler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.11.013","article-title":"Development of MS binding assays targeting the binding site of MB327 at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"293","author":"Sichler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13038.x","article-title":"Bisquaternary pyridinium oximes as presynaptic agonists and postsynaptic antagonists of muscarinic receptors","volume":"46","author":"Kloog","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2013.04.004","article-title":"Effect of MB327 and oximes on rat intestinal smooth muscle function","volume":"204","author":"K\u00f6niger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.410","article-title":"Competition radioligand binding assays for the investigation of bispyridinium compound affinities to the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 5 (hM5)","volume":"4","author":"Niessen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279725001000?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279725001000?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:51:02Z","timestamp":1762113062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279725001000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["S0009279725001000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0009-2797"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The synthesis and influence of the novel bispyridinium compound LB1 on the effectiveness of the standard antidotal treatment of organophosphorus nerve agent intoxicated mice and some structure-activity considerations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111470","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111470"}}