{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:46:39Z","timestamp":1789631199381,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024KY933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81872602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82404231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004476","name":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023CDCKL02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CDCKL02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008867","name":"Department of Education of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009659","name":"Guangzhou Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008856","name":"Health and Family Planning Commission of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T02:05:03Z","timestamp":1761617103000},"page":"111789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Environmental chromium and cadmium co-exposure induces GADD45A-mediated rDNA instability in human cohorts and cell models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"422","author":[{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minqian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2698-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huadong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-022-00219-6","article-title":"Recent advances on modelling the toxicity of environmental pollutants for risk assessment: from single pollutants to mixtures","volume":"8","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110998","article-title":"Biomarkers of effect as determined in human biomonitoring studies on hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the period 2008-2020","volume":"197","author":"Ventura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/01490451.2023.2218377","article-title":"Hexavalent chromium pollution and its sustainable management through bioremediation","volume":"41","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geomicrobiol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib4","first-page":"21","article-title":"Cadmium, cellular senescence, and cancer","volume":"261","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114636","article-title":"Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis","volume":"377","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GH000552","article-title":"Role of the synergistic interactions of environmental pollutants in the development of cancer","volume":"6","author":"Lagunas\u2010Rangel","year":"2022","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-13963-1","article-title":"Public health concerns of multifaceted exposures to metal and metalloid mixtures: a systematic review","volume":"197","author":"Udom","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-023-00634-5","article-title":"Intragenomic rDNA variation - the product of concerted evolution, mutation, or something in between?","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2024.102380","article-title":"Nucleolar organization and ribosomal DNA stability in response to DNA damage","volume":"89","author":"Boukoura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2019.07.001","article-title":"Nucleolar DNA double-strand break responses underpinning rDNA genomic stability","volume":"35","author":"van Sluis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2019.07.011","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA and the nucleolus as keystones of nuclear architecture, organization, and function","volume":"35","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.12.007","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA and the nucleolus at the heart of aging","volume":"47","author":"Kasselimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006994","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA copy number amplification and loss in human cancers is linked to tumor genetic context, nucleolus activity, and proliferation","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2022.04.001","article-title":"Nucleolar stress: from development to cancer","volume":"136","author":"Lafita-Navarro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17020079","article-title":"Fifty years of aflatoxin research in Qidong, China: a celebration of team science to improve public health","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.06.018","article-title":"NFATc4 mediates ethanol-triggered hepatocyte senescence","volume":"350","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152502","article-title":"Nicotine triggers islet \u03b2 cell senescence to facilitate the progression of type 2 diabetes","volume":"441","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106525","article-title":"Environmentally induced ribosomal DNA (rDNA) instability in human cells and populations exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]","volume":"153","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121816","article-title":"Hexavalent chromium [ Cr (VI)] -induced ribosomal DNA copy number variation and DNA damage responses and their associations with nucleolar protein HRAS in humans and cells","volume":"331","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117018","article-title":"The effect of the nucleolar protein ZNF385A on the ribosomal DNA copy number variation in response to Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage","volume":"284","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118047","article-title":"UBA52 Mediates ribosomal DNA stability under hexavalent chromium exposure in occupational workers and cellular models","volume":"293","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105593","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA copy number is associated with P53 status and levels of heavy metals in gastrectomy specimens from gastric cancer patients","volume":"138","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2019.07.006","article-title":"Mechanisms of rDNA copy number maintenance","volume":"35","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2020.05.011","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs at the eukaryotic rDNA locus: RNA\u2013DNA hybrids and beyond","volume":"432","author":"Vydzhak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10050345","article-title":"Integrative rDNAomics-importance of the oldest repetitive fraction of the eukaryote genome","volume":"10","author":"Symonov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147793","article-title":"Downregulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells correlates with rDNA promoter hypermethylation","volume":"888","author":"Priyadarshini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45451-4","article-title":"Dynamic nucleolar phase separation influenced by non-canonical function of LIN28A instructs pluripotent stem cell fate decisions","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.08.059","article-title":"rDNA condensation promotes rDNA separation from nucleolar proteins degraded for nucleophagy after TORC1 inactivation","volume":"28","author":"Mostofa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0306-6","article-title":"GADD45A binds R-loops and recruits TET1 to CpG island promoters","volume":"51","author":"Arab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.07.027","article-title":"Article ABH2 couples regulation of ribosomal DNA transcription with DNA alkylation repair","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2015.10.003","article-title":"GADD45a physically and functionally interacts with TET1","volume":"90","author":"Kienh\u00f6fer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.016","article-title":"Body burdens of heavy metals associated with epigenetic damage in children living in the vicinity of a municipal waste incinerator","volume":"229","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.08.012","article-title":"Reduced levels of methyltransferase DNMT2 sensitize human fibroblasts to oxidative stress and DNA damage that is accompanied by changes in proliferation-related miRNA expression","volume":"14","author":"Lewinska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03176-z","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis and autophagy in human prostate epithelial cells via PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"96","author":"Kowalska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113685","article-title":"Blood lead and mercury levels are associated with low resting heart rate in community adolescent boys","volume":"233","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1521","article-title":"Plasma metal concentrations and incident coronary heart disease in chinese adults: the dongfeng-tongji cohort","volume":"125","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.02.004","article-title":"Infant sex-specific placental cadmium and DNA methylation associations","volume":"138","author":"Mohanty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu207","article-title":"DNA double-strand breaks by Cr(VI) are targeted to euchromatin and cause ATR-dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AX and its ubiquitination","volume":"143","author":"DeLoughery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21410","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921410","article-title":"The effects of cadmium at low environmental concentrations on THP-1 macrophage apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Olszowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s44149-025-00169-8","article-title":"Therapeutic mechanism of nano-selenium in hexavalent chromium poisoning in laying hens","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh242","article-title":"Generation of S phase-dependent DNA double-strand breaks by Cr(VI) exposure: involvement of ATM in Cr(VI) induction of \u03b3-H2AX","volume":"25","author":"Ha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2023.2229203","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA copy number variation is coupled with DNA methylation changes at the 45S rDNA locus","volume":"18","author":"Razzaq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94804-7_1","article-title":"GADD45 in stress signaling, cell cycle control, and apoptosis","volume":"1360","author":"Humayun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2282","article-title":"DNA-damage response gene GADD45A induces differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells without inhibiting cell cycle or survival","volume":"34","author":"Wingert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2119593119","article-title":"rDNA array length is a major determinant of replicative lifespan in budding yeast","volume":"119","author":"Hotz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131538","article-title":"Inhalable mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals, DNA oxidative stress and nasal ribosomal DNA copy number amplification: direct and indirect effect analyses among population","volume":"455","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115859","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications of 45S rDNA associates with the disruption of nucleolar organisation during Cd stress response in Pakchoi","volume":"270","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114378","article-title":"TRPML1 contributes to antimony-induced nephrotoxicity by initiating ferroptosis via chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"184","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111415","article-title":"Antimony-induced hippocampal neuronal impairment through ferroptosis activation from NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy","volume":"409","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.07.010","article-title":"Arsenite-induced downregulation of occludin in mouse lungs and BEAS-2B cells via the ROS\/ERK\/ELK1\/MLCK and ROS\/p38 MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"332","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-024-00460-9","article-title":"Carcinogenic mechanisms of hexavalent chromium: from DNA breaks to chromosome instability and neoplastic transformation","volume":"11","author":"Meaza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15755","article-title":"Nucleolar stress: molecular mechanisms and related human diseases","volume":"114","author":"Maehama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.02.003","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of nucleolar DNA damage checkpoint response","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193017","article-title":"Nucleolus and nucleolar stress: from cell fate decision to disease development","volume":"11","author":"Hua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026104","article-title":"The cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic functions of p53 in tumor initiation and progression","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.155","article-title":"A threshold mechanism mediates p53 cell fate decision between growth arrest and apoptosis","volume":"20","author":"Kracikova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119846941","article-title":"Cytoprotective effects of taxifolin against cadmium-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes","volume":"38","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202154483","article-title":"53BP1 \u2010mediated recruitment of RASSF1A to ribosomal DNA breaks promotes local ATM signaling","volume":"23","author":"Tsaridou","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2024.195029","article-title":"The nucleolus: coordinating stress response and genomic stability","volume":"1867","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Arzola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Gene Regul. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib60","first-page":"S103","article-title":"Epigenetics of ribosomal RNA genes","volume":"87","author":"Denisenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031302","article-title":"The rdna loci\u2014intersections of replication, transcription, and repair pathways","volume":"22","author":"Goffov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2009.01.015","article-title":"TAF12 recruits Gadd45a and the nucleotide Excision repair complex to the promoter of rRNA genes leading to active DNA demethylation","volume":"33","author":"Schmitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-018-9594-z","article-title":"Keeping ribosomal DNA intact: a repeating challenge","volume":"27","author":"Warmerdam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chromosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgz052","article-title":"Variation in ribosomal DNA copy number is associated with lung cancer risk in a prospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Dean Hosgood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080779","article-title":"Nucleolar and ribosomal DNA structure under stress: yeast lessons for aging and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Matos-Perdomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101045","article-title":"Ribosomal protein L5 facilitates rDNA-bundled condensate and nucleolar assembly","volume":"5","author":"Matsumori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279725004193?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279725004193?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:23:44Z","timestamp":1773804224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279725004193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0009279725004193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Environmental chromium and cadmium co-exposure induces GADD45A-mediated rDNA instability in human cohorts and cell models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111789","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111789"}}