{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:16:59Z","timestamp":1786123019588,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T22:56:02Z","timestamp":1783378562000},"page":"112237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["l-Theanine attenuates isoprenaline-induced heart failure in rats through modulation of the JNK\/c-Jun\/Beclin 1\/Bcl2 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"437","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4633-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israa S.","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0196-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nermin A.H.","family":"Sadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine W.","family":"Maurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina A.S.","family":"Abdel Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0610-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimaa S.","family":"Mabrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1845-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Abdelmonem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174472","article-title":"1,8 cineole protects against ISO-induced heart failure by inhibiting oxidative stress and ER stress in vitro and in vivo","volume":"910","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4412228","article-title":"A heart failure model established by pressure overload caused by abdominal aortic contraction in rat","volume":"2022","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01046-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.01.045","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide enhances the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in rats with heart failure: in vitro preconditioning versus in vivo co-delivery","volume":"112","author":"Abdelmonem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175364","article-title":"The selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 improves isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte senescence","volume":"937","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37233","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c05055","article-title":"Serum pharmacochemistry combined with network pharmacology-based mechanism prediction and pharmacological validation of zhenwu decoction on alleviating isoprenaline-induced heart failure injury in rats","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021317-121427","article-title":"The role of autophagy in the heart","volume":"80","author":"Sciarretta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2038994","article-title":"Defective autophagy contributes to endometrial epithelial mesenchymal transition in intrauterine adhesions","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2724-5","article-title":"Autophagy as a modulator of cell death machinery","volume":"11","author":"Noguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.12.035","article-title":"Autophagy induction as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"432","author":"Djajadikerta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.53","article-title":"Targeting autophagy in cancer: therapeutic implications","volume":"17","author":"Mulcahy Levy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab158","article-title":"The role of autophagy in cardiovascular pathology","volume":"118","author":"Gatica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10080352","article-title":"Autophagy in heart failure: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"10","author":"Bielawska","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1088575","article-title":"The role of autophagy in cardiovascular disease: Cross-interference of signaling pathways and underlying therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4103\/2470-7511.320324","article-title":"Deciphering the role of autophagy in heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Ajoolabady","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiol. Plus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01634-9","article-title":"Autophagy regulation using luteolin: new insight into its anti-tumor activity","volume":"20","author":"Ashrafizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8974","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238974","article-title":"Autophagy and autophagy\u2010related diseases: a review","volume":"21","author":"Ichimiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2023.168144","article-title":"Role of autophagy pathway in parkinson's disease and related genetic neurological disorders","volume":"435","author":"Themistokleous","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111617","article-title":"SAMe and DADS attenuated cuprizone-induced demyelination via modulating H2S\/AMPK\/SIRT1\/ULK1\/beclin1 signaling","volume":"418","author":"El-boghdady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179640","article-title":"The roles of c-jun n-terminal kinase (Jnk) in infectious diseases","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20140141","article-title":"MAPK\/JNK signalling: a potential autophagy regulation pathway","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.21474\/IJAR01\/8647","article-title":"Relationship between the Jnk pathway and apoptosis in heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Junpeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12432","article-title":"JNK signalling in cancer: in need of new, smarter therapeutic targets","volume":"171","author":"Bubici","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.05.012","article-title":"Mitochondrial JNK activation triggers autophagy and apoptosis and aggravates myocardial injury following ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"1852","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Mol. Basis. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-2563","article-title":"Silencing c-Jun inhibits autophagy and abrogates radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075965","article-title":"JNK and macroautophagy activation by bortezomib has a pro-survival effect in primary effusion lymphoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Granato","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.148375","article-title":"Mg53 suppresses NF-\u03baB activation to mitigate age-related heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12783","article-title":"NF-kB signaling in cardiomyocytes is inhibited by sevoflurane and promoted by propofol","volume":"10","author":"Oda-Kawashima","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2399-y","article-title":"Life, death, and autophagy in cancer: NF-\u03baB turns up everywhere","volume":"11","author":"Verzella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib30","article-title":"Mitochondria as therapeutic targets for natural products in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"345","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-025-05473-y","article-title":"Advances in natural compounds modulating autophagy for the therapeutic intervention of heart failure","volume":"481","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.03.009","article-title":"Resveratrol and dimethyl fumarate ameliorate testicular dysfunction caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats","volume":"665","author":"Fahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-05398-w","article-title":"Resveratrol suppresses susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure model","volume":"26","author":"Tsai","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2025.100706","article-title":"Integrating traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmacology: the role of jiang huang (curcumin) in cardiovascular health","volume":"17","author":"Wasim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Mod Chin Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2302060","article-title":"Natural products from traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of heart failure: progress and perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib36","article-title":"The recent advance and prospect of natural source compounds for the treatment of heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00865-0","article-title":"L-theanine alleviates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway in mice","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.08.023","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of L-theanine in a rat model of chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116235","article-title":"Integrated proteomics and metabolomics to clarify the essential beneficial mechanisms of L-theanine in alleviating ISO-induced cardiac damage in mice","volume":"209","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22965","article-title":"L-Theanine inhibits proinflammatory PKC\/ERK\/ICAM-1\/IL-33 signaling, apoptosis, and autophagy formation in substance P induced hyperactive bladder in rats","volume":"36","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8850112","article-title":"L-Theanine ameliorates d-galactose induced brain damage in rats via inhibiting AGE formation and regulating sirtuin1 and BDNF signaling pathways","volume":"2021","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging10090219","article-title":"Realistic aspects of cardiac ultrasound in rats: practical tips for improved examination","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1101748","article-title":"Effect of blood flow\u2013restricted resistance training on myocardial fibrosis in early spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib44","series-title":"Handbook of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques","first-page":"95","author":"Culling","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib45","series-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","first-page":"135","author":"Bancroft","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115215","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological impact of Melaleuca rugulosa (Link) Craven leaves extract on liver inflammation","volume":"292","author":"Elsayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2009.10.011","article-title":"The study of ISO induced heart failure rat model","volume":"88","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib48","first-page":"7500","article-title":"Curcumin alleviates isoproterenol induced cardiac injury","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.387750","article-title":"Naringenin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the mRNA-208a signaling pathway in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction","volume":"13","author":"Eldourghamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3390\/life15030443","article-title":"Liraglutide treatment restores cardiac function after isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury and prevents heart failure in rats","volume":"15","author":"Bajic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086076","article-title":"Functional capacity in a rat model of heart failure: impact of myocardial infarct size","volume":"102","author":"Hentschke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.06.065","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of melatonin against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats: a biochemical, electrocardiographic and histoarchitectural evaluation","volume":"644","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34790","article-title":"Gallic acid prevents isoproterenol- induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through regulation of JNK2 signaling and Smad3 binding activity","volume":"6","author":"Ryu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040803","article-title":"Through its powerful antioxidative properties, L-theanine ameliorates vincristine-induced neuropathy in rats","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2292","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor-\u03baB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02171-x","article-title":"Systemic oxidative stress associates with disease severity and outcome in patients with new-onset or worsening heart failure","volume":"112","author":"de Koning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.10.036","article-title":"L-theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.907660","article-title":"L-theanine protects H9C2 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by enhancing antioxidant capability","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110182","article-title":"L-theanine alleviates muscle oxidative damage by improving mitochondrial function, maintaining calcium homeostasis, and inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"149","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190619145025","article-title":"The role of autophagy and death pathways in dose-dependent isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"25","author":"Gyongyosi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108859","article-title":"Effect of dietary L-theanine supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber type transformation in vivo","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623307313010","article-title":"Isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in sprague-dawley rats: correlation of reversible and irreversible myocardial injury with release of cardiac troponin T and roles of iNOS in myocardial injury","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib63","article-title":"Sigma-1 receptor knockout disturbs gut microbiota, remodels serum metabolome, and exacerbates isoprenaline-induced heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051173","article-title":"The expression of microRNA in adult rat heart with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"9","author":"Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106077","article-title":"Main active components of Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) attenuate autophagy and apoptosis via the PDE5A-AKT and TLR4-NOX4 pathways in isoproterenol (ISO) induced heart failure models","volume":"176","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.108795","article-title":"Citreoviridin induces myocardial apoptosis through PPAR-\u03b3-mTORC2-mediated autophagic pathway and the protective effect of thiamine and selenium","volume":"311","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2023.0399","article-title":"Beclin 1 haploinsufficiency ameliorates high-fat diet-induced myocardial injury via inhibiting alternative mitophagy","volume":"40","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27523","article-title":"Cardiac autophagy is a maladaptive response to hemodynamic stress","volume":"117","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab112","article-title":"Loss of autophagy protein ATG5 impairs cardiac capacity in mice and humans through diminishing mitochondrial abundance and disrupting Ca2+ cycling","volume":"118","author":"Ljubojevi\u0107-Holzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108599","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA protects against heart failure post-myocardial infarction via AMPKs\/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124166","article-title":"Modulating MiR 350\/Akt\/mTOR\/beclin1 signaling by nitazoxanide ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a wistar rat model","volume":"386","author":"Elbaz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112691","article-title":"L-Theanine prolongs the lifespan by activating multiple molecular pathways in ultraviolet C- exposed Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.5c00351","article-title":"Therapeutic role of L-theanine in mitigating cognitive dysfunction and neuropathology in scopolamine treated mice","volume":"16","author":"Elbaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1628715","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of Bassia indica via NF-\u03baB and BCL-2\/BAX modulation in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury","volume":"16","author":"Anjum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1648-4","article-title":"Protective effect of L-theanine on cadmium-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by inhibiting the mitochondria-mediated pathway","volume":"40","author":"Ben","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20190267","article-title":"JNK and cardiometabolic dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Craige","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14020243","article-title":"The role of the dysregulated JNK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of human diseases and its potential therapeutic strategies: a comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib78","first-page":"7249","article-title":"Dickkopf-3 upregulation mediates the cardioprotective effects of curcumin on chronic heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.11.032","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of L theanine on airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma","volume":"99","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.171","article-title":"Protective effects of L-theanine against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"108","author":"Alt\u0131nkaynak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110544","article-title":"Regulation of PKC\/TLR 4\/NF kB signaling by sulbutiamine improves diabetic nephropathy in rats","volume":"381","author":"Ghaiad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."}],"container-title":["Chemico-Biological Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279726003455?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009279726003455?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T13:03:05Z","timestamp":1786107785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009279726003455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0009279726003455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"l-Theanine attenuates isoprenaline-induced heart failure in rats through modulation of the JNK\/c-Jun\/Beclin 1\/Bcl2 pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112237","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112237"}}