{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:09:51Z","timestamp":1788988191920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004700","name":"Taipei Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TMU114-AE1-B12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMU114-AE1-B12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004270","name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2320-B-038-042-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2320-B-038-042-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113-2636-M-038-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2636-M-038-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 115-2113-M-038-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 115-2113-M-038-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2320-B-038-078-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2320-B-038-078-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Chemical Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:49:37Z","timestamp":1785833377000},"page":"102739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Glycan-encoded biomimetic design for precision therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Mu-Rong","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Ling","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves S.Y.","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15603","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c01032","article-title":"Glycoconjugates: synthesis, functional studies, and therapeutic developments","volume":"122","author":"Shivatare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123717","article-title":"Reprogramming the glycocalyx: advances in glycoengineering for immunomodulation and regenerative medicine","volume":"326","author":"Rana","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-016-1521-9","article-title":"An introduction to the sugar code","volume":"147","author":"Gabius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.070606.100917","article-title":"Chemical approaches to glycobiology","volume":"79","author":"Kiessling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27215","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08818","article-title":"Sugar-coated: can multivalent glycoconjugates improve upon nature's design?","volume":"146","author":"Leslie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","article-title":"LPS\/TLR4 signal transduction pathway","volume":"42","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.04.097","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-related immunostimulatory polysaccharides: primary structure, activity relationships, and possible interaction models","volume":"149","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120921","article-title":"Mechanisms of interactions in pattern-recognition of common glycostructures across pectin-derived heteropolysaccharides by toll-like receptor 4","volume":"314","author":"Hyun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.077","article-title":"Structural analysis and biological activity of cell wall polysaccharides extracted from Panax ginseng marc","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_sref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11567","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01645","article-title":"Multivalent carbohydrate nanocomposites for tumor microenvironment remodeling to enhance antitumor immunity","volume":"17","author":"Hyun","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0817-4","article-title":"Ginseng-derived nanoparticles alter macrophage polarization to inhibit melanoma growth","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.797634","article-title":"Strategies for remodeling the tumor microenvironment using active ingredients of ginseng-a promising approach for cancer therapy","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_sref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321031","article-title":"Ginseng polysaccharides alter the gut microbiota and kynurenine\/tryptophan ratio, potentiating the antitumour effect of antiprogrammed cell death 1\/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1\/PD-L1) immunotherapy","volume":"71","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24111","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M601106200","article-title":"Reishi polysaccharides induce immunoglobulin production through the TLR4\/TLR2-mediated induction of transcription factor Blimp-1","volume":"281","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312457110","article-title":"Immunization of fucose-containing polysaccharides from Reishi mushroom induces antibodies to tumor-associated Globo H-series epitopes","volume":"110","author":"Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1021\/ar5004187","article-title":"Development of Globo-H cancer vaccine","volume":"48","author":"Danishefsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colcom.2021.100418","article-title":"Current-status and applications of polysaccharides in drug delivery systems","volume":"42","author":"Prasher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloid Interface Sci Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2024.2436350","article-title":"Recent advances in polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review","volume":"52","author":"Hsu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artif Cells, Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138098","article-title":"Hydrogels and hydrogel-based drug delivery systems for promoting refractory wound healing: applications and prospects","volume":"285","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125727","article-title":"Application of protein\/polysaccharide aerogels in drug delivery system: a review","volume":"247","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2026.126722","article-title":"Engineering aerogel particles as next-generation drug delivery systems: a comprehensive review of recent advances","volume":"694","author":"Gomes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1021\/bc0600214","article-title":"Development and properties of \u03b2-glucuronide linkers for monoclonal antibody\u2212drug conjugates","volume":"17","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.07.031","article-title":"Glucuronides: from biological waste to bio-nanomedical applications","volume":"349","author":"Burnouf","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_sref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk7633","article-title":"Bespoke plant glycoconjugates for gut microbiota\u2013mediated drug targeting","volume":"388","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssp061","article-title":"Xyloglucans of monocotyledons have diverse structures","volume":"2","author":"Hsieh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","article-title":"Microbiota in health and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01566-21","article-title":"Cell surface xyloglucan recognition and hydrolysis by the human gut commensal Bacteroides uniformis","volume":"88","author":"Grondin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib28","article-title":"From nature-sourced polysaccharide particles to advanced functional materials","volume":"36","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2025.114876","article-title":"Natural polysaccharide hydrogels: design, preparation, and tissue engineering applications","volume":"259","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.12.019","article-title":"Polysaccharide-inspired biomaterials for skeletal muscle regeneration: innovations for volumetric muscle loss treatment","volume":"210","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.214","article-title":"Chemical, enzymatic and biological synthesis of hyaluronic acids","volume":"152","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003","article-title":"Alginate: properties and biomedical applications","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Polym Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib33","first-page":"411","article-title":"Chitin and chitosan: production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials","volume":"4","author":"Elieh-Ali-Komi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res (Indore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123134","article-title":"Recent advances in smart hydrogels derived from polysaccharides and their applications for wound dressing and healing","volume":"318","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00195-5","article-title":"Hyaluronidase and its substrate hyaluronan: biochemistry, biological activities and therapeutic uses","volume":"131","author":"Menzel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20761","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c02108","article-title":"Engineered injectable cell-laden chitin\/chitosan hydrogel with adhesion and biodegradability for calvarial defect regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199910)47:1<46::AID-JBM6>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Compressive and shear properties of alginate gel: effects of sodium ions and alginate concentration","volume":"47","author":"LeRoux","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1444358","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for cartilage regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59715-0","article-title":"Acellular, bioresorbable, ultra-purified alginate gel implantation for intervertebral disc herniation: phase 1\/2, open-label, non-randomized clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Yamada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.11.061","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of chitosan from shiitake stipes, compared to commercial chitosan from crab shells","volume":"138","author":"Chien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.066","article-title":"Effect of chitosan molecular weight on anti-inflammatory activity in the RAW 264.7 macrophage model","volume":"131","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.07.026","article-title":"Sulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria angustata: structural features and in vitro antiviral activities","volume":"87","author":"Saha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132048","article-title":"Emerging trends and challenges in polysaccharide derived materials for wound care applications: a review","volume":"270","author":"Zubair","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5741","DOI":"10.1039\/D5BM00117J","article-title":"Double-network polysaccharide hydrogel for guided tissue repair","volume":"13","author":"Maillard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122848","article-title":"Immunomodulatory hydrogel orchestrates pro-regenerative response of macrophages and angiogenesis for chronic wound healing","volume":"314","author":"Kuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c00259","article-title":"An all-natural polymer-based and bilayer-integrated asymmetrical Janus hydrogel bioadhesive patch for cardiac repair","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123940","article-title":"A spatiotemporally programmed bilayer coating for immunomodulatory and osteogenic enhancement of artificial ligament-bone integration","volume":"329","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739_sref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124305","article-title":"A dual-layer chitosan-based conductive hydrogel and piezoelectric film for ultrasound-driven wound repair and scar reduction","volume":"370","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Chemical Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367593126000888?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367593126000888?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:36:10Z","timestamp":1788986170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367593126000888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1367593126000888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-5931"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-5931","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glycan-encoded biomimetic design for precision therapeutics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Chemical Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpa.2026.102739","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102739"}}