{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:24:50Z","timestamp":1773152690728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,16]],"date-time":"2006-12-16T07:14:33Z","timestamp":1166253273000},"page":"235-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u03b2-Carotene from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves improves vitamin A status in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Egle Machado de Almeida","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Fernandes","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Martins","family":"de Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Maria Tal\u00e1","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740620411","article-title":"Carotenoids in cassava: comparison of open-column and HPLC methods of analysis","volume":"62","author":"Adewusi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib2","first-page":"274","article-title":"The toxic effects of cassava diets on humans. A Review.","volume":"33","author":"Aregheore","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Hum Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000081075","article-title":"Malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea) leaves reduce oxidative stress in vitamin A-deficient rats","volume":"48","author":"Arruda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.75.2.161","article-title":"Carotenoids from malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) leaves protect cells against oxidative stress in rats","volume":"75","author":"Arruda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01088163","article-title":"Nutrient content of young cassava leaves and assessment of their acceptance as a green vegetable in Nigeria","volume":"47","author":"Awoyinka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.1996","article-title":"\u03b2-Carotene is converted primarily to retinoids in rats in vivo","volume":"130","author":"Barua","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib7","series-title":"\u03b2-Carotene Supplements Cannot Meet All Vitamin A Requirements of Vitamin A-deficient Rats","author":"Biesalski","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1994.375.18","article-title":"Processing of cassava leaves for human consumption","volume":"375","author":"Bokanga","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01088085","article-title":"Nutritional characteristics of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration and acidic thermocoagulation","volume":"45","author":"Castellanos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.18.1.19","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioconversion of carotenoids","volume":"18","author":"Castenmiller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.13.1397","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage measured in human lymphocytes: large differences between sexes and between countries, and correlations with heart disease mortality rates","volume":"12","author":"Collins","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(02)00136-0","article-title":"Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf and tuber concentrate in diets for broiler chickens","volume":"86","author":"Eruvbetine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib13","unstructured":"FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1995. Plant production and protection papers available from: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/show. (24\/02\/06)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib14","unstructured":"Unicef, 2005. Corporate Document available from:http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/brazil\/(12\/03\/2005)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2004.11.012","article-title":"Challenges to understanding and measuring carotenoid bioavailability","volume":"1740","author":"Faulks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.70.2.43","article-title":"Retinol equivalence of carotenoids can be evaluated by hepatic vitamin A content","volume":"70","author":"Furusho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2003.10.012","article-title":"Carotenoids from native Brazilian dark-green vegetables are bioavailable: a study in rats","volume":"24","author":"Graebner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/0271-5317(95)02023-O","article-title":"Comparative bioavailability of diet oil and emulsion-based preparations of vitamin a and \u03b2-carotene in rat","volume":"15","author":"Grolier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.10.2562","article-title":"Carotenoid-biofortified maize maintains adequate vitamin a status in Mongolian gerbils","volume":"136","author":"Howe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib20","series-title":"The Chemical and Physical Methods for Food Analysis (Normas anal\u00edticas m\u00e9todos qu\u00edmicos e f\u00edsicos para an\u00e1lise em alimentos)","article-title":"Analytic norms","author":"Institute Adolfo Lutz","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib21","first-page":"17","article-title":"Rice-bran products: phytonutrients with potential applications in preventive and clinical medicine","volume":"27","author":"Jariwalla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs Exp. Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/09637489509003387","article-title":"The adverse effects of log-term cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) consumption","volume":"46","author":"Kamalu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.12.2271","article-title":"Review of animal models in carotenoid research","volume":"129","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib24","series-title":"Tropical Root Crops: Production and Uses","first-page":"41","article-title":"Evaluation of cassava clones for leaf production in Zaire","author":"Lutaladio","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(99)00152-1","article-title":"The chemical composition of \u201cMultimistura\u201d as a food supplement","volume":"68","author":"Madruga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1021\/jf960276j","article-title":"HPLC and mass spectrometric analysis of carotenoids from mango","volume":"45","author":"Mercadante","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.6.1120","article-title":"Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and \u03b2-carotene supplements in men","volume":"55","author":"Micozzi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib28","first-page":"181","article-title":"\u03b2-Carotene utilization in rats fed either vitamin A or carotene in early life","volume":"28","author":"Mittal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nutr. Rep. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(03)00111-X","article-title":"Cassava cyanogens and free amino acids in raw and cooked leaves","volume":"41","author":"Ngudi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-20612003000300030","article-title":"Biodisponibilidade do \u03b2-caroteno da folha desidratada de mandioca (Manihot esculenta crantz)","volume":"23","author":"Ortega-Flores","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc. Tecnol. Aliment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib31","first-page":"97","article-title":"Caroten\u00f3ides e atividade pr\u00f3-vitamina A de folhas de hortali\u00e7as consumidas no norte do Brasil","volume":"22","author":"Penteado","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev. Farm. Bioquim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.4.665","article-title":"Dietary beta-carotene absorption and metabolism in ferrets and rats","volume":"119","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/122.9.1898","article-title":"Beta-carotene, retinol and retinyl ester concentrations in serum and selected tissues of ferrets fed beta-carotene","volume":"122","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939","article-title":"AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet","volume":"123","author":"Reeves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1994.375.27","article-title":"Measuring effects in humans of dietary cyanide exposure from cassava","volume":"375","author":"Rosling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00360-9","article-title":"Antioxidant effect of beta-carotene on hypoxia induced oxidative stress in male albino rats","volume":"79","author":"Sarada","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(03)00024-1","article-title":"Regional low-cost diet supplement improves the nutritional status of school children in a semi-arid region of Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Siqueira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00154-X","article-title":"Retinol and \u03b2 carotene content of indigenous raw and home-prepared foods in Northern Thailand","volume":"64","author":"Sungpuag","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.290S","article-title":"Assessing vitamin A status: past, present and future","volume":"134","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib40","first-page":"S32","article-title":"Absorption of beta-carotene and other carotenoids in humans and animal models","volume":"50","author":"van Vliet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib41","first-page":"125","article-title":"Controversy on the use of alternative feeding in the undernutrition combat in Brazil","volume":"vol. 9","author":"Velho","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102834","article-title":"Carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion","volume":"22","author":"Yeum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1006\/jfca.2000.0871","article-title":"Carotenoid bioavailability of vegetables and carbohydrate-containing foods measured by retinal accumulation in rat livers","volume":"13","author":"Zakaria-Rungkat","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."}],"container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045606002742?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045606002742?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:20:01Z","timestamp":1761517201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532045606002742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1532045606002742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0456","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u03b2-Carotene from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves improves vitamin A status in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}