{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:55:09Z","timestamp":1793760909635,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010450","name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D01N01UN160420200002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D01N01UN160420200002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010450","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T16:26:52Z","timestamp":1588609612000},"page":"108787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immune-toxicity effects of scorpion venom on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during rest and activity phases in a rodent model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Fares","family":"Daachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Adi-Bessalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Megdad-Lamraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Laraba-Djebari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.03.006","article-title":"Pathophysiological effects of Androctonus australis hector scorpion venom: tissue damages and inflammatory response","volume":"60","author":"Adi-Bessalem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9338-0","article-title":"Lung immunoreactivity and airway inflammation: their assessment after scorpion envenomation","volume":"35","author":"Adi-Bessalem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0015","series-title":"Methods in Enzymology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","article-title":"[13] Catalase in vitro","volume":"vol 105","author":"Aebi","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1998.0176","article-title":"Pathophysiological role of the cytokine network in the anterior pituitary gland","volume":"20","author":"Arzt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00144-1","article-title":"Daily rhythm of glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in tissues of pinealectomized rats","volume":"323","author":"Baydas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0030","first-page":"3","article-title":"Endotoxin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis","volume":"9","author":"Beishuizen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2015.04.002","article-title":"Complement system and immunological mediators: their involvements in the induced inflammatory process by Androctonus australis hector venom and its toxic components","volume":"67","author":"Bekkari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2013.05.009","article-title":"Circadian variation of Valproic acid pharmacokinetics in mice","volume":"49","author":"Ben-Cherif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.015","article-title":"Hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis during Trypanosoma cruzi acute infection in mice","volume":"173","author":"Corr\u00eaa-de-Santana","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.06.022","article-title":"Serological, biochemical and enzymatic alterations in rodents after experimental envenomation with Hadruroides lunatus scorpion venom","volume":"103","author":"Costal-Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0055","first-page":"123","article-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase enzymes in rat hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"16","author":"Cover","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0060","first-page":"327","article-title":"Circadian rhythms and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"86","author":"Cutolo","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.026","article-title":"The circadian clock controls immune checkpoint pathway in sepsis","volume":"24","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0070","first-page":"330","article-title":"Selective depletion of macrophages prevents pituitary-adrenal activation in response to subpyrogenic, but not to pyrogenic","volume":"129","author":"Derijk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Doses of Bacterial Endotoxin in Rats* Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(85)90100-9","article-title":"Day-night cycle of lipid peroxidation in rat cerebral cortex and their relationship to the glutathione cycle and superoxide dismutase activity","volume":"16","author":"D\u00edaz-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0080","first-page":"221","article-title":"Evidence that free radical generation occurs during scorpion envenomation","volume":"140","author":"Dousset","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00331-8","article-title":"Relationship between plasmatic levels of various cytokines, tumour necrosis factor, enzymes, glucose and venom concentration following Tityus scorpion sting","volume":"41","author":"D\u2019Suze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0090","first-page":"37","article-title":"Circadian clocks, stress, and immunity","volume":"7","author":"Dumbell","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6","article-title":"Tissue sulfhydryl groups","volume":"82","author":"Ellman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0100","first-page":"138","article-title":"Circadian patterns of stress-induced ACTH secretion are modified by corticosterone responses endocrinology","volume":"100","author":"Engeland","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00208-8","article-title":"Increased plasma levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 in patients moderately or severely envenomed by Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting","volume":"41","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00357-0","article-title":"Cytokines and neuro\u2013immune\u2013endocrine interactions: a role for the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal revolving axis","volume":"133","author":"Haddad","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701677","article-title":"Circadian rhythms influence the severity of sepsis in mice via a TLR2-dependent, leukocyte-intrinsic mechanism","volume":"201","author":"Heipertz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-120002914","article-title":"Circadian variation in oxidative stress markers in healthy and type II diabetic men","volume":"19","author":"Kanabrocki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000214Y.0000000107","article-title":"Cross-talk between HPA-axis-increased glucocorticoids and mitochondrial stress determines immune responses and clinical manifestations of patients with sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Kasahara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-120025532","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in toxic effects of the serotonin antagonist Ondansetron in mice","volume":"20","author":"Khedhaier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0135","series-title":"Involvement of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Tissue Damage Induced by Scorpion Venom Inflammation","author":"Khemili","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0140","first-page":"1645","article-title":"Variations in the level of urinary thiobarbituric acid reactant in healthy humans under different physiological conditions","volume":"17","author":"Kosugi","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90202-6","article-title":"Quantitative assay for acute intestinal inflammation based on myeloperoxidase activity: assessment of inflammation in rat and hamster models","volume":"87","author":"Krawisz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0150","first-page":"277","article-title":"Circadian clocks in the immune system","volume":"30","author":"Labrecque","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0155","first-page":"99","article-title":"Neuropathophysiological effect and immuno-inflammatory response induced by kaliotoxin of Androctonus scorpion venom","volume":"20","author":"Ladjel-Mendil","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.07.013","article-title":"Immunopathologic effects of scorpion venom on hepato-renal tissues: involvement of lipid derived inflammatory mediators","volume":"99","author":"Lamraoui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0165","series-title":"Scorpion Venoms","first-page":"63","article-title":"Scorpion venoms: Pathogenesis and biotherapies","author":"Laraba-Djebari","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0170","series-title":"Neurotoxinology Handbook II: Effects and Mechanisms","first-page":"683","article-title":"Scorpion neurotoxins: effects and mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0175","first-page":"63","article-title":"Serotherapy against voltage-gated sodium channel-targeting \u03b1-toxins from androctonus scorpion venom","volume":"11","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00382-9","article-title":"Effects of tachykinin NK1 or PAF receptor blockade on the lung injury induced by scorpion venom in rats","volume":"376","author":"Matos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1051","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of malondialdehyde formation in healthy subjects","volume":"22","author":"Morera","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(01)00385-0","article-title":"The physiology of corticotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in mice","volume":"22","author":"Muglia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/30.2.259","article-title":"Rapid radioimmunoassay for corticotropin in unextracted human plasma","volume":"30","author":"Nicholson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0205","series-title":"Scorpion Venom and the Inflammatory Response 2010","author":"Petricevich","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(80)90340-3","article-title":"A simple colorimetric method for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide produced by cells in culture","volume":"38","author":"Pick","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000214Y.0000000102","article-title":"Circadian (about 24-hour) variation in malondialdehyde content and catalase activity of mouse erythrocytes","volume":"20","author":"Sani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.09.021","article-title":"Impact of scorpion venom as an acute stressor on the neuroendocrine-immunological network","volume":"122","author":"Santhosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4716","article-title":"Chagas\u2019 disease encephalitis: intense CD8+ lymphocytic infiltrate is restricted to the acute phase, but is not related to the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens","volume":"92","author":"Silva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.054","article-title":"Circadian variation of isoniazid pharmacokinetics in mice","volume":"84","author":"Souayed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00576.x","article-title":"HPA axis-rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Spiga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0240","series-title":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Stress and Digestive Motility","article-title":"Definition and neuroendocrine evaluation","author":"Rivier","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0245","first-page":"276","article-title":"Measurement of nitric oxide production in biological systems by using Griess reaction assay","volume":"3","author":"Sun","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.05.002","article-title":"Effect of cytokine antibodies in the immunomodulation of inflammatory response and metabolic disorders induced by scorpion venom","volume":"27","author":"Taibi-Djennah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2003.07.002","article-title":"Analyzing corticosterone metabolites in fecal samples of mice: a noninvasive technique to monitor stress hormones","volume":"45","author":"Touma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.003","article-title":"Temporal organization of the 24-h corticosterone rhythm in the diurnal murid rodent Arvicanthis ansorgei Thomas 1910","volume":"995","author":"Verhagen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.007","article-title":"A global accounting of medically significant scorpions: epidemiology, major toxins, and comparative resources in harmless counterparts","volume":"151","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0270","series-title":"Cellular Rhythms and Networks","first-page":"25","article-title":"The circadian\u2013immune crosstalk and inflammation: Implications for disease treatment","author":"Yan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601527103","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 plays a crucial role in the immune\u2013adrenal response to systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Zacharowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.5.804","article-title":"Immunoradiometric assay of corticotropin with use of avidin-biotin separation","volume":"35","author":"Zahradnik","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0285","article-title":"TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 recognize venom-associated molecular patterns from Tityus serrulatus to induce macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators","volume":"9","author":"Zoccal","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.11.226","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 activation by Tityus serrulatus venom regulates lipid body formation and lipid mediator production","volume":"93","author":"Zoccal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787_bb0295","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Centrally acting adrenomedullin in the long-term potentiation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats","volume":"104","author":"Zoccal","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045620300879?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045620300879?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:24:02Z","timestamp":1761517442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532045620300879"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S1532045620300879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0456","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immune-toxicity effects of scorpion venom on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during rest and activity phases in a rodent model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108787","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108787"}}