{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:15:23Z","timestamp":1784823323350,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T03:57:05Z","timestamp":1758599825000},"page":"110359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on soil enzyme activities and antibiotic-resistant genes and their removal by earthworms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipak Kumar","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikhul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-006-9109-x","article-title":"Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) activates fungal growth, triggering cellulose decomposition during vermicomposting","volume":"52","author":"Aira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2003.18.1.65","article-title":"Soil enzyme activities as biological indicators of soil health","volume":"18","author":"Alkorta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2009.192.199","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in the digestive tract of earthworms (oligochaeta)","volume":"9","author":"Brito-Vega","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2015.08.020","article-title":"Interaction between earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the degradation of oxytetracycline in soils","volume":"90","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2007.04.004","article-title":"Toxicity interaction of metals (Ag, Cu, Hg, Zn) to urease and dehydrogenase activities in soils","volume":"39","author":"Chaperon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiw159","article-title":"Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons","volume":"92","author":"Cleary","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.177","article-title":"Gut digestion of earthworms significantly attenuates cell-free and -associated antibiotic resistance genes in excess activated sludge by affecting bacterial profiles","volume":"691","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00338","article-title":"Antibiotics in the soil environment\u2014degradation and their impact on microbial activity and diversity","volume":"10","author":"Cyco\u0144","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app14209514","article-title":"Quinolone and tetracycline-resistant biofilm-forming Escherichia coli isolates from Slovak broiler chicken farms and chicken meat","volume":"14","author":"Dan\u010dov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-016-0027-3","article-title":"Antibiotics and the terrestrial nitrogen cycle: a review","volume":"2","author":"DeVries","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.445","article-title":"The gut microbiota of soil organisms show species-specific responses to liming","volume":"659","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.04.010","article-title":"DNA damage and biochemical toxicity of antibiotics in soil on the earthworm Eisenia fetida","volume":"89","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.01.021","article-title":"Effects of biochar on reducing the abundance of oxytetracycline, antibiotic resistance genes, and human pathogenic bacteria in soil and lettuce","volume":"224","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00035-3","article-title":"Importance of food quality on selected enzyme activities in earthworm casts (Dendrobaena octaedra, Lumbricidae)","volume":"32","author":"Flegel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.226","article-title":"Using the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution","volume":"9","author":"Gillings","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024786","article-title":"Epigeic earthworms exert a bottleneck effect on microbial communities through gut associated processes","volume":"6","author":"G\u00f3mez-Brand\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2013.04.009","article-title":"Removal of benzo (a) pyrene from soil using an endogeic earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus","volume":"70","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Castellanos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.07.003","article-title":"Soil moisture pre-treatment effects on enzyme activities as indicators of heavy metal-contaminated and reclaimed soils","volume":"36","author":"Hinojosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultraviolet C (UV-C) light therapy for equine ulcerative keratomycosis\u2014an in vitro study","volume":"0","author":"Hoerdemann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.392","article-title":"Urbanization gradient of selected pharmaceuticals in surface water at a watershed scale","volume":"634","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.03.021","article-title":"Effects of earthworms on the fate of tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance genes of sewage sludge during vermicomposting","volume":"259","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05702","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial resistance genes in manure blend pits and long-term storage across dairy farms with comparisons to antimicrobial usage and residual concentrations","volume":"53","author":"Hurst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.149","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in Ba River, China","volume":"642","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.02.004","article-title":"Changes of soil enzyme activities under different tillage practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau","volume":"104","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0130","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Microbial diversity and digestive enzyme activities in the gut of earthworms found in sawmill industries in Abeokuta, Nigeria","volume":"62","author":"Julius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Biol. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0135","article-title":"Pollution from livestock farming antibiotics an emerging environmental and human health concern: a review","volume":"13","author":"Khmaissa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.4022","article-title":"Bacteriophages as a potential substitute for antibiotics: a comprehensive review","volume":"42","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2024.109964","article-title":"Environmentally relevant concentrations of nickel and imidacloprid induce reproductive toxicity in earthworm (Eisenia fetida fetida)","volume":"283","author":"Ladumor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3494","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13337","article-title":"A multiplayer game: species of Clostridium, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas are responsible for the persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in manure-treated soils","volume":"18","author":"Leclercq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.09.002","article-title":"Bacterial community characteristics under long-term antibiotic selection pressures","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0160","article-title":"Response of antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to arsenic during vermicomposting of cow dung","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2016.07.004","article-title":"Effects of different concentrations and application frequencies of oxytetracycline on soil enzyme activities and microbial community diversity","volume":"76","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1240813","article-title":"Water physicochemical factors and oxidative stress physiology in fish, a review","volume":"11","author":"Menon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.4070","article-title":"Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles effectively prevent T4-induced oxidative stress in rat heart","volume":"42","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0180","series-title":"Encyclopedia of environmental health","first-page":"V1-97","article-title":"Antibiotics pollution in soil and water: Potential ecological and human health issues","volume":"Vol. 1-5(1)","author":"Mojica","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1515\/intag-2016-0084","article-title":"Impact of chlortetracycline and sulfapyridine antibiotics on soil enzyme activities","volume":"31","author":"Molaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Agrophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.07.070","article-title":"Ecotoxicological assessment of soils polluted with chemical waste from lindane production: use of bacterial communities and earthworms as bioremediation tools","volume":"145","author":"Mu\u00f1iz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113214","article-title":"Evolution of the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) microbial community in vitro and in vivo under tetracycline stress","volume":"231","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.5897\/AJAR11.103","article-title":"Enteric bacteria and fungi of the Eudrilid earthworm Libyodrilus violaceus","volume":"8","author":"Owa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.09.009","article-title":"Study of ciprofloxacin biodegradation by a Thermus sp. isolated from pharmaceutical sludge","volume":"343","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140409","article-title":"Enhanced removal of ciprofloxacin and reduction of antibiotic resistance genes by earthworm Metaphire vulgaris in soil","volume":"742","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2014.10.014","article-title":"Changes in earthworm gut associated enzymes and microbial diversity on the treatment of fermented tannery waste using epigeic earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae","volume":"74","author":"Ravindran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2014.02.010","article-title":"Potential of earthworms to accelerate removal of organic contaminants from soil: a review","volume":"79","author":"Rodriguez-Campos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175579","article-title":"Effects of sulfamethazine and tetracycline at molecular, cellular and tissue levels in Eisenia fetida earthworms","volume":"951","author":"Rutkoski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.10.007","article-title":"Hormone-linked redox status and its modulation by antioxidants","volume":"121","author":"Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1556\/ABiol.59.2008.4.3","article-title":"Rat testicular mitochondrial antioxidant defence system and its modulation by aging","volume":"59","author":"Sahoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biol. Hung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0235","series-title":"Oxidants, Antioxidants, and Impact of the Oxidative Status in Male Reproduction","first-page":"149","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction and testicular redox status: an intriguing association","author":"Sahoo","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091269","article-title":"Canine intestinal organoids as a novel in vitro model of intestinal drug permeability: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"12","author":"Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1348713","article-title":"Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Sahoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.08.001","article-title":"Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health","volume":"27","author":"Samreen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2010.78","article-title":"Carbon source regulation of antibiotic production","volume":"63","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091831","article-title":"Decoding the gut microbiome in companion animals: impacts and innovations","volume":"12","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(03)00244-X","article-title":"Identification of uncultured bacteria tightly associated with the intestine of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Lumbricidae; Oligochaeta)","volume":"35","author":"Singleton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060640","article-title":"Environmental spread of antibiotic resistance","volume":"10","author":"Skandalis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33568","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA06117A","article-title":"Nanomedicines as a cutting-edge solution to combat antimicrobial resistance","volume":"14","author":"Solanki","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.01.058","article-title":"Stimulation of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on soil microbial communities to promote metolachlor degradation","volume":"248","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0280","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect of ultraviolet C (UV-C) light compared to standard povidone-iodine protocol for preoperative disinfection of the periocular area","author":"Treadwell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0285","article-title":"Novel treatment of infectious keratitis in canine corneas using ultraviolet C (UV-C) light","author":"Turicea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2007.08.057","article-title":"Characterization of possible symbionts in Onychochaeta borincana (Annelida: Glossoscolecidae)","volume":"43","author":"Valle-Molinares","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.090","article-title":"Toxicological effects of dimethomorph on soil enzymatic activity and soil earthworm (Eisenia fetida)","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175126","article-title":"Tetracycline antibiotics in agricultural soil: Dissipation kinetics, transformation pathways, and structure-related toxicity","volume":"949","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02745-08","article-title":"In situ hydrogen and nitrous oxide as indicators of concomitant fermentation and denitrification in the alimentary canal of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris","volume":"75","author":"W\u00fcst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(07)60034-5","article-title":"Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114287","article-title":"Effects of ciprofloxacin exposure on the earthworm Eisenia fetida","volume":"262","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146679","article-title":"Removal of chlortetracycline and antibiotic resistance genes in soil by earthworms (epigeic Eisenia fetida and endogeic Metaphire guillelmi)","volume":"781","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104609","article-title":"Comprehensive tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole toxicity evaluation to earthworm Dendrobaena veneta through life-cycle, behavioral and biochemical parameters","volume":"113","author":"\u017daltauskait\u0117","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65203-w","article-title":"The effects of tetracycline residues on the microbial community structure of tobacco soil in pot experiment","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127006","article-title":"Antibiotics in animal manure and manure-based fertilizers: occurrence and ecological risk assessment","volume":"255","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045625002406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045625002406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T07:37:25Z","timestamp":1780126645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532045625002406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S1532045625002406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0456","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on soil enzyme activities and antibiotic-resistant genes and their removal by earthworms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110359","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110359"}}