{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:02:12Z","timestamp":1769079732082,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011798","name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005906","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TD09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3205903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3205903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:17Z","timestamp":1766448017000},"page":"110439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Parental exposure to phenanthrene induces thyroid disruption in zebrafish offspring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Liqiao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengyue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luyin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoshan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinbin","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs.55.601","article-title":"Evaluation of toxic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives using in vitro bioassays","volume":"55","author":"Bekki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29812","article-title":"Deiodinases: implications of the local control of thyroid hormone action","volume":"116","author":"Bianco","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129635","article-title":"Early-life phenanthrene exposure inhibits reproductive ability in adult zebrafish and the mechanism of action","volume":"272","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.059","article-title":"Advances in Na(+)\/I(\u2212) symporter (NIS) research in the thyroid and beyond","volume":"213","author":"Doh\u00e1n","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133853","article-title":"The key characteristics of cardiotoxicity for the pervasive pollutant phenanthrene","volume":"469","author":"England","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0030","first-page":"2879","article-title":"Characterization of the uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase-catalyzing thyroid hormone glucuronidation in man","volume":"85","author":"Findlay","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041363","article-title":"Toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for aquatic animals","volume":"17","author":"Honda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.07.030","article-title":"Phenanthrene causes ocular developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos and the possible mechanisms involved","volume":"261","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2016.03.001","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: part II, urine markers","volume":"75","author":"Ifegwu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5972","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00751","article-title":"Thyroid hormone disruption by water-accommodated fractions of crude oil and sediments affected by the oil spill in zebrafish and GH3 cells","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175994","article-title":"Metabolic profile changes of zebrafish larvae in the single-and co-exposures of microplastics and phenanthrene","volume":"953","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2002.700104.x","article-title":"Thyroid hormones are important for embryonic to larval transitory phase in zebrafish","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(T)(-Delta Delta C) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2012.08.019","article-title":"Parental exposure to natural mixtures of POPs reduced embryo production and altered gene transcription in zebrafish embryos","volume":"126","author":"Lyche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.12.010","article-title":"Thyrotropin in teleost fish","volume":"161","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0080","article-title":"Histological, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal liver damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to phenanthrene","volume":"225","author":"Mai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1021\/es00031a002","article-title":"Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment","volume":"26","author":"Menzie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.12.017","article-title":"Regulation of transthyretin by thyroid hormones in fish","volume":"152","author":"Morgado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.562813","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: sources, toxicity, and remediation approaches","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109376","article-title":"Chronic exposure to environmental concentrations of phenanthrene impairs zebrafish reproduction","volume":"182","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.05.011","article-title":"Thyroid gland development and function in the zebrafish model","volume":"312","author":"Porazzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(01)00271-X","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in growth and development of fish","volume":"130","author":"Power","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13090747","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine environments affect fish reproduction-a critical review","volume":"13","author":"Pozzan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.114045","article-title":"Development of seawater quality criteria for phenanthrene based on toxicity data of native species in the Bohai Sea","volume":"183","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141031","article-title":"Retene, pyrene and phenanthrene cause distinct molecular-level changes in the cardiac tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae, part 1\u2013transcriptomics","volume":"745","author":"Rigaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(00)00345-2","article-title":"Expression of nk2.1a during early development of the thyroid gland in zebrafish","volume":"95","author":"Rohr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117028","article-title":"Long-term exposure to environmental level of phenanthrene causes adaptive immune response and fibrosis in mouse kidneys","volume":"283","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-007-0095-0","article-title":"Monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review","volume":"5","author":"Srogi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.03.013","article-title":"Reproductive and transgenerational toxicities of phenanthrene on female marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)","volume":"162","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.09.032","article-title":"Bioaccumulation, depuration and oxidative stress in fish Carassius auratus under phenanthrene exposure","volume":"63","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13877","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-2585-5","article-title":"Long-term disruption of growth, reproduction, and behavior after embryonic exposure of zebrafish to PAH-spiked sediment","volume":"21","author":"Vignet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.03.037","article-title":"Relationship between metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. (China)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3751","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.15.3751","article-title":"Pax2.1 is required for the development of thyroid follicles in zebrafish","volume":"129","author":"Wendl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.004","article-title":"Sex-specific effects of triphenyltin chloride (TPT) on thyroid disruption and metabolizing enzymes in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"331","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.04.008","article-title":"Parental exposure to 2,2\u2032,4,4\u20325-pentain polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-99) causes thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity in zebrafish","volume":"372","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.105280","article-title":"Comparative thyroid disruption by o,p\u2019-DDT and p,p\u2019-DDE in zebrafish embryos\/larvae","volume":"216","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0185","article-title":"Thyroid disruption and growth inhibition of zebrafish embryos\/larvae by phenanthrene treatment at environmentally relevant concentrations","volume":"243","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2021.106053","article-title":"Thyroid disruption and growth inhibition of zebrafish embryos\/larvae by phenanthrene treatment at environmentally relevant concentrations","volume":"243","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164814","article-title":"Residue character of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river aquatic organisms coupled with geographic distribution, feeding behavior, and human edible risk","volume":"895","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.05.065","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wild marine fish from the coastal waters of the northern South China Sea: risk assessment for human health","volume":"180","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2022.106080","article-title":"Embryonic exposure to phenanthrene caused developmental defects of craniofacial cartilage in F1 larvae","volume":"243","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.06.056","article-title":"Phenanthrene exposure produces cardiac defects during embryo development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) through activation of MMP-9","volume":"93","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0215","article-title":"Sex-specific thyroid disruption caused by phenanthrene in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"263","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440601123446","article-title":"General background on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis","volume":"37","author":"Zoeller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045625003205?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045625003205?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T07:42:43Z","timestamp":1768981363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532045625003205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1532045625003205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0456","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Parental exposure to phenanthrene induces thyroid disruption in zebrafish offspring","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110439","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110439"}}