{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:51:52Z","timestamp":1791345112689,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Spain Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T23:31:33Z","timestamp":1787095893000},"page":"110659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Polyethylene microplastics affect osmoregulation, overall metabolism and induce anxiety in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Ruiz-Jarabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason S.","family":"Bystriansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122236","article-title":"Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs): a review on metabolic disruptions and potential obesogenic implications using -omics approaches based evidences on zebrafish model","volume":"284","author":"Afsa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.117632","article-title":"Marine litter in the south-east of the Bay of Biscay: a review of current methods, standards, databases and challenges","volume":"213","author":"Alfaro-Ortega","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38636-2","article-title":"The synergetic effects of 4-nonylphenol and polyethylene microplastics in Cyprinus carpio juveniles using blood biomarkers","volume":"13","author":"Ammar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.05.026","article-title":"Osmoregulatory response of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) to changes in environmental salinity","volume":"148","author":"Arjona","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11030139","article-title":"Drug transport across porcine intestine using an Ussing chamber system: regional differences and the effect of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 activity on drug absorption","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35651-2","article-title":"Aging of plastics and microplastics in the environment: a review on influencing factors, quantification methods, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Baby","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Air exposure in catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) modify muscle texture properties: a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Barrag\u00e1n-M\u00e9ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fishes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121622","article-title":"Alteration to organismal behavior due to microplastic exposure","volume":"277","author":"Barrick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138707","article-title":"Zebrafish: an emerging model to study microplastic and nanoplastic toxicity","volume":"728","author":"Bhagat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.10125","article-title":"Acid-base regulation in fishes: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"293","author":"Claiborne","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2021-0048","article-title":"Microplastics in lakes and rivers: an issue of emerging significance to limnology","volume":"30","author":"D'Avignon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2025.107418","article-title":"Sub-chronic nanoplastic toxicity in Etroplus suratensis (Pisces, Cichilidae): insights into tissue accumulation, stress and metabolic disruption","volume":"285","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2025.107338","article-title":"Effects of polypropylene microparticles ingestion on the growth and physiology of Piaractus brachypomus, and its accumulation and tissue damage","volume":"283","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1713","article-title":"A review on microplastics in major European rivers","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-021-00722-6","article-title":"Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean","volume":"4","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0080","first-page":"627","article-title":"Osmoregulation in zebrafish: ion transport mechanisms and functional regulation","volume":"14","author":"Guh","year":"2015","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167423","article-title":"Exposure to petroleum-derived and biopolymer microplastics affect fast start escape performance and aerobic metabolism in a marine fish","volume":"906","author":"Hawke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2025.111878","article-title":"Anorexigenic and anxiogenic effects of the plasticiser DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) in goldfish: involvement of PPAR signalling and feeding-related neuropeptides","volume":"306","author":"Herrera-Castillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13100804","article-title":"Metabolic rate of goldfish (Carassius auratus) in the face of common aquaculture challenges","volume":"13","author":"Herrera-Castillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.190","article-title":"Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities","volume":"586","author":"Horton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174541","article-title":"Behavioral impairments and disrupted mitochondrial energy metabolism induced by polypropylene microplastics in zebrafish larvae","volume":"947","author":"Hua","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.303","article-title":"Determination of drug permeability and prediction of drug absorption in Caco-2 monolayers","volume":"2","author":"Hubatsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735690","article-title":"The metabolic rate response to feed withdrawal in Atlantic salmon post-smolts","volume":"529","author":"Hvas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0120","series-title":"IUCN Issues Briefs","first-page":"2","article-title":"Plastic pollution","author":"IUCN","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09005.x","article-title":"Stress in fish","volume":"851","author":"Iwama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104561","article-title":"The impacts of microplastics on zebrafish behavior depend on initial personality state","volume":"111","author":"Jabri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010061","article-title":"Physiology: an important tool to assess the welfare of aquatic animals","volume":"10","author":"Jerez-Cepa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116438","article-title":"Investigating the metabolic and oxidative stress induced by biofouled microplastics exposure in Seriola lalandi (yellowtail kingfish)","volume":"203","author":"Kelly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.183","article-title":"Branchial osmoregulatory response to salinity in the gilthead sea bream, Sparus auratus","volume":"303A","author":"Laiz-Carrion","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. A Comp. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1011702","article-title":"Agouti overexpression in a transgenic model regulates integrity, permeability and electrogenic amino acid transport in zebrafish intestine","volume":"9","author":"Leal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.09.036","article-title":"Role of the melanocortin system in zebrafish skin physiology","volume":"130","author":"Leal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14978-1","article-title":"Comparison of anxiety-like and social behaviour in medaka and zebrafish","volume":"12","author":"Lucon-Xiccato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10601-4","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of socs gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and response to microplastic exposure","volume":"52","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109442","article-title":"Acute toxic effects of polyethylene microplastic on adult zebrafish","volume":"182","author":"Mak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1139\/f93-075","article-title":"Methods for nonlethal gill biopsy and measurement of Na+, K+-ATPase activity","volume":"50","author":"McCormick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136691","article-title":"Chronic exposure of adult zebrafish to polyethylene and polyester-based microplastics: metabolomic and gut microbiome alterations reflecting dysbiosis and resilience","volume":"484","author":"Medriano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111630","article-title":"Estimation of the uptake and gut retention of microplastics in juvenile marine fish: Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) and red seabreams (Pagrus major)","volume":"160","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2021.111098","article-title":"Prolonged cortisol elevation alters whole body and tissue metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"263","author":"Pfalzgraff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12888","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95811-3","article-title":"Polystyrene microplastics exposure in freshwater fish, Labeo rohita: evaluation of physiology and histopathology","volume":"15","author":"Rashid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118332","article-title":"Impacts of polystyrene nanoplastics on zebrafish gut microbiota and mechanistic insights","volume":"299","author":"Rehman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12874","article-title":"ToxTrac: a fast and robust software for tracking organisms","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0210","article-title":"Differential modulation of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, histomorphology, ion-regulation and growth marker gene expression in goldfish (Carassius auratus) following exposure to different dose of virgin microplastics","volume":"238","author":"Romano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154766","article-title":"Isolation driven divergence in osmoregulation in Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1848) (Actinopterygii: Osmeriformes)","volume":"11","author":"Ruiz-Jarabo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0220","article-title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics cause developmental abnormalities, oxidative damage and immune toxicity in early zebrafish development","volume":"295","author":"Saputra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0225","series-title":"Fish Osmoregulation","first-page":"277","article-title":"Energy metabolism and osmotic acclimation in teleost fish","author":"Soengas","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12797","article-title":"Design and setup of intermittent-flow respirometry system for aquatic organisms","volume":"88","author":"Svendsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0235","article-title":"Effect of virgin low density polyethylene microplastic ingestion on intestinal histopathology and microbiota of gilthead sea bream","volume":"545","author":"Var\u00f3","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.118257","article-title":"Microplastic ingestion and phthalate esters bioaccumulation in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares): tissue-specific distribution across gills, stomach, and muscles","volume":"219","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170623","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular administration of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) enhances thigmotaxis and induces anxiety-like behavior in the goldfish Carassius auratus","volume":"145","author":"Watanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.3.591","article-title":"The stress response in fish","volume":"77","author":"Wendelaar Bonga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2022.2064668","article-title":"Transcriptome alterations in zebrafish gill after exposure to different sizes of microplastics","volume":"57","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12985","article-title":"Water quality impact on fish behavior: a review from an aquaculture perspective","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0265","article-title":"Disturbing ion regulation and excretion in medaka (Oryzias melastigma) gills by microplastics: insights from the gut-gill axis","volume":"857","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125434","article-title":"Pulse exposure to microplastics depolarizes the goldfish gill: interactive effects of DOC and differential degradation","volume":"366","author":"Zink","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2024.111669","article-title":"The effects of microplastics on ionoregulatory processes in the gills of freshwater fish and invertebrates: a prospective review","volume":"295","author":"Zink","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A"}],"container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045626002176?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045626002176?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:29:24Z","timestamp":1791343764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532045626002176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S1532045626002176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0456","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Polyethylene microplastics affect osmoregulation, overall metabolism and induce anxiety in zebrafish","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2026.110659","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110659"}}