{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:26:06Z","timestamp":1777109166125,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,24]],"date-time":"2005-06-24T09:42:03Z","timestamp":1119606123000},"page":"32-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Survey for potentially necrotizing spider venoms, with special emphasis on Cheiracanthium mildei"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Foradori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger E.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.1174","article-title":"Cellular function of calcium-independent phospholipase A2","volume":"27","author":"Akiba","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1958.7.165","article-title":"Necrotic arachnidism","volume":"7","author":"Atkins","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(81)90105-7","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a toxin from brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom gland extracts","volume":"19","author":"Babcock","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90027-2","article-title":"Antigenic cross-reactivity of venoms from medically important Loxosceles (Araneae) species in Brazil","volume":"32","author":"Barbaro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00075-5","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects of arthropod venoms on various cultured cells","volume":"36","author":"Cohen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23627","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200511200","article-title":"Oxyopinins, large amphipathic peptides isolated from the venom of the wolf spider Oxyopes kitabensis with cytolytic properties and positive insecticidal cooperativity with spider neurotoxins","volume":"277","author":"Corzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib7","first-page":"1335","article-title":"The venom of the sac spider Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879","volume":"37","author":"Croucamp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.07.012","article-title":"Brown spiders and loxoscelism","volume":"44","author":"da Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(63)90042-0","article-title":"The preparation and chemical characteristics of hemoglobin-free ghosts of human erythrocytes","volume":"100","author":"Dodge","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19338","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.27.19338","article-title":"Characterization of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 activity during zebrafish embryogenesis","volume":"274","author":"Farber","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(01)00239-3","article-title":"An examination of the potential role of spider digestive proteases as a causative factor in spider envenomation necrosis","volume":"130","author":"Foradori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, Comp. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90046-2","article-title":"Red blood cell lysis induced by the venom of the brown recluse spider: the role of sphingomyelinase D","volume":"187","author":"Forrester","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib13","first-page":"114","article-title":"Toxic bite of a spider, Cheiracanthium inclusum Hentz","volume":"87","author":"Furman","year":"1957","journal-title":"Calif. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199210000-00008","article-title":"Loxoscelism","volume":"304","author":"Futrell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(78)90169-8","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for determination of sphingomyelinase","volume":"530","author":"Gatt","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.206.9.1958","article-title":"Envenomation by the spiders Chiracanthium inclusum and Argiope aurantia. Observations on arachnidism in the United States","volume":"206","author":"Gorham","year":"1968","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00133.x","article-title":"Intradermal anti-loxosceles Fab fragments attenuate dermonecrotic arachnidism","volume":"6","author":"Gomez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00085-X","article-title":"Neutralization of dermonecrotic and lethal activities and differences among 32\u201335 kDa toxins of medically important Loxosceles spider venoms in Brazil revealed by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"39","author":"Guilherme","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib20","unstructured":"Hughes, S.E., 1981. Necrotic arachnidism induced by the envenomation of Chiracanthium mildei Koch (Araneae: Clubionidae). University of Massachusetts. Master's thesis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03219-2","article-title":"Cupiennin 1d*: the cytolytic activity depends on the hydrophobic N-terminus and is modulated by the polar C-terminus","volume":"527","author":"Kuhn-Nentwig","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11208","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111099200","article-title":"Cupiennin 1, a new family of highly basic antimicrobial peptides in the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae)","volume":"277","author":"Kuhn-Nentwig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(81)90128-8","article-title":"Platelet aggregation and sphingomyelinase D activity of a purified toxin from the venom of Loxosceles reclusa","volume":"678","author":"Kurpiewski","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib24","first-page":"127","article-title":"Envenomation by the sac spider Chiracanthium mildei","volume":"40","author":"Krinsky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4039\/Ent126187-1","article-title":"The first Alberta record for Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) (Araneida:Clubionidae), with observation on a human envenomation reaction","volume":"126","author":"Leech","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib26","first-page":"11","article-title":"La Loxosceles laeta, causa del aracnoidisma cutaneo manoha gangrenosa, de Chile","volume":"41","author":"Macchiavello","year":"1937","journal-title":"Rev. Chelena de His. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(82)90241-0","article-title":"Some clinical and epidemiological problems of venom poisoning today","volume":"20","author":"Maretic","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib28","first-page":"425","article-title":"Poisonous spiders of Indiana and a report of a envenomation by Chiracanthium mildei","volume":"65","author":"Minton","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Ind. State Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib29","first-page":"171","article-title":"Cutaneous necrosis caused by the envenomation of Chiracanthium spiders","volume":"57","author":"Newlands","year":"1980","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib30","first-page":"200","article-title":"Envenomation of Chiracanthium japonicum and the properties of the spider venom [proceedings]","volume":"31","author":"Owri","year":"1978","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(83)90089-2","article-title":"For those who treat spider or suspected spider envenomations","volume":"21","author":"Russell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112385","article-title":"Necrotic arachnidism","volume":"44","author":"Sams","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.729","article-title":"Probable envenomation by Chiracanthium mildei; a spider found in houses","volume":"19","author":"Speilman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9474","article-title":"Sphingomyelinases in the venom of the spider Loxosceles intermedia are responsible for both dermonecrosis and complement-dependent hemolysis","volume":"251","author":"Tambourgi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02534120","article-title":"Improved separation of phospholipids in thin layer chromatography","volume":"15","author":"Touchstone","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib37","series-title":"Venoms: Chemistry and Molecular Biology","author":"Tu","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90210-0","article-title":"The anticoagulant action of phospholipase A from Eresus niger spider venom","volume":"32","author":"Usmanov","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90239-X","article-title":"Necrotic arachnidism in the northwest United States and its probable relationship to Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer) spiders","volume":"25","author":"Vest","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90244-3","article-title":"Envenomation by Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer) spiders in rabbits","volume":"25","author":"Vest","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.173.5.357","article-title":"Myth: idiopathic wounds are often due to brown recluse or other spider envenomations throughout the United States","volume":"173","author":"Vetter","year":"2000","journal-title":"West. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00455.x","article-title":"Envenomations and stings of medically important venomous arthropods","volume":"37","author":"Vetter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123536.x","article-title":"Necrotising arachnidism: does the white-tailed spider deserve its bad name?","volume":"171","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib44","series-title":"Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons","first-page":"261","article-title":"Clinical toxicology of spider envenomations","author":"White","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.4.2059","article-title":"Lycotoxins, antimicrobial peptides from venom of the wolf spider Lycosa carolinensis","volume":"273","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00145-8","article-title":"Comparison of enzymatic activity from three species of necrotising arachnids in Australia: Loxosceles rufescens, Badumna insignis and Lampona cylindrata","volume":"39","author":"Young","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045605000955?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532045605000955?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T21:44:49Z","timestamp":1551303889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532045605000955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1532045605000955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0456","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}}}