{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:10:24Z","timestamp":1762956624911,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K15303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K15303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T10:36:05Z","timestamp":1624012565000},"page":"137-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploration and time-serial validation of logistic regression models composed of multiple laboratory tests for early detection of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"521","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-3283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Goda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haku","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0005","unstructured":"National Cancer Center Cancer Information Service Vital statistics cancer death data 2019 https:\/\/ganjoho.jp\/reg_stat\/statistics\/stat\/summary.html (accessed 6 April 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1532-5","article-title":"A nationwide survey on non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: 2011\u20132015 update","volume":"54","author":"Tateishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.012","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular cancer in HCV patients treated with direct-acting antiviral agents","volume":"153","author":"Kanwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12665","volume":"24","author":"Toyoda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0025","article-title":"Treatment method for hepatitis C, supervised by the Japanese Society of Liver Disease, Chronic Hepatitis Medical Treatment Manual, p60\u201368 Igaku-Shoin","volume":"5","author":"Norio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tokyo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0921-z","article-title":"Hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis C patients achieving a sustained virological response to interferon: significance of lifelong periodic cancer screening for improving outcomes","volume":"49","author":"Yamashita","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trinchet JC, Chaffaut C, bourcier V, DegosF, HenrionJ, FontaineH, et al. Ultrasonographic surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a randomized trial comparing 3-and 6-month periodicities. Hepatology 54 (2011) 1987-1997. https:\/\/aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/hep.24545.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24545"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.445","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance at 4- vs. 12-month intervals for patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a randomized study in community","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"10127","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30010-2","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"391","author":"Forner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0050","first-page":"E11","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin versus alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0055","first-page":"3977","article-title":"Characterization of dysplastic nodules, early hepatocellular carcinoma and progressed hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"11","author":"Giorgio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0060","first-page":"83","article-title":"Evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for diagnosis of dysplastic nodules with a focus of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis patients","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091334","article-title":"Intraindividual comparison of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging and 64-section multidetector CT in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"3","author":"Di Martino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04014.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: surveillance with ultrasound for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Singal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.449","article-title":"Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma at advanced stages among patients in the HALT-C trial: where did surveillance fail?","volume":"108","author":"Singal","year":"2013","journal-title":"American J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.10.031","article-title":"Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alpha-fetoprotein as biomarkers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"138","author":"Lok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30233","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of three serum biomarkers to detect very early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0090","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein to transaminase ratio to higher diagnostic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178","article-title":"Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1985.10479383","article-title":"Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score","volume":"39","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0105","series-title":"Multivariate analysis-how to select explanatory variables. Medical statistics that can be used from today","first-page":"101","author":"Shintani","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29086","article-title":"AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"67","author":"Heimbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0115","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 69 (2018) 182-236. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29628281\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2015.21.3.279","article-title":"Growth rate of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"21","author":"An","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022_b0125","first-page":"602","article-title":"Recent progress of AFP and PIVKA-II assays","volume":"59","author":"Oikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898121002230?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898121002230?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T15:00:01Z","timestamp":1757862001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898121002230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0009898121002230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0009-8981"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploration and time-serial validation of logistic regression models composed of multiple laboratory tests for early detection of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}