{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:30:12Z","timestamp":1789140612804,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T15:45:43Z","timestamp":1745595943000},"page":"120329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Advances in Z-drug detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"574","author":[{"given":"Selen","family":"Al","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aykut","family":"Kul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olcay","family":"Sagirli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(03)90031-7","article-title":"Insomnia: epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences","volume":"5","author":"Roth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Cornerstone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20674","article-title":"The assessment and management of insomnia: an update","volume":"18","author":"Krystal","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0015","article-title":"Multitargeting the sleep-pain interaction with pharmacological approaches: a narrative review with suggestions on new avenues of investigation","volume":"59","author":"Babiloni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0292-0","article-title":"The clinical and forensic toxicology of Z-drugs","volume":"9","author":"Gunja","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa174","article-title":"Long-term detection in hair of zolpidem, oxazepam and flunitrazepam in a case of drug-facilitated sexual assault","volume":"46","author":"Carfora","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1617","article-title":"The pathophysiology of insomnia","volume":"147","author":"Levenson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00061-4","article-title":"A cognitive model of insomnia","volume":"40","author":"Harvey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(03)90034-2","article-title":"Insomnia in women","volume":"5","author":"Krystal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Cornerstone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.775144","article-title":"Association between Z drugs use and risk of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older patients with chronic insomnia","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1177\/0091217419860716","article-title":"Updates in insomnia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"54","author":"Bragg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101746","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.149252","article-title":"Misuse of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in the UK","volume":"205","author":"Kapil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0065","first-page":"29","article-title":"Insomnia: pharmacologic therapy","volume":"96","author":"Matheson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0070","article-title":"Hypnotic hazards: adverse effects of zolpidem and other z-drugs","volume":"31","author":"Olson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. Prescr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0075","first-page":"225","article-title":"Drug-assisted sexual assaults: toxicology, fatality, and analytical challenge, critical issues in alcohol and drugs of abuse testing","author":"Krasowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elsevier"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.24927","article-title":"Zolpidem: efficacy and side effects for insomnia","volume":"9","author":"Edinoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.110962","article-title":"More than a quarter century of the most prescribed sleeping pill: systematic review of zolpidem use by older adults","volume":"136","author":"Machado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2012.667074","article-title":"Zolpidem for insomnia","volume":"13","author":"Greenblatt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059040-00014","article-title":"Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"59","author":"Holm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200519010-00008","article-title":"Zolpidem: a review of its use in the management of insomnia","volume":"19","author":"Harrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(00)83024-6","article-title":"Zaleplon: a pyrazolopyrimidine sedative-hypnotic agent for the treatment of insomnia","volume":"22","author":"Weitzel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.9.4.841","article-title":"Zaleplon-a review of a novel sedative hypnotic used in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"9","author":"Heydorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/875512250101700202","article-title":"Zaleplon for insomnia","volume":"17","author":"Maidment","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200060020-00014","article-title":"Zaleplon: a review of its use in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"60","author":"Dooley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0125","first-page":"2124","article-title":"Zopiclone: is it a pharmacologic agent for abuse?","volume":"53","author":"Cimolai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199529060-00004","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of zopiclone","volume":"29","author":"Fernandez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199855020-00015","article-title":"Zopiclone: an update of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"55","author":"Noble","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fatal intoxications with zopiclone\u2014a cause for concern?","author":"Tralla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0145","first-page":"441","article-title":"Eszopiclone: its use in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"3","author":"Monti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-009-0026-5","article-title":"The role of eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"26","author":"Morin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868100-00005","article-title":"Eszopiclone: a review of its use in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"68","author":"Hair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1556\/JPC.22.2009.6.12","article-title":"A new thin-layer chromatographic method for analysis of zolpidem and zopiclone","volume":"12","author":"Pushpalatha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Planar Chromatography-Mod. TLC"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21883","article-title":"Structural and thermal characterization of zolpidem hemitartrate hemihydrate (form E) and its decomposition products by laboratory x-ray powder diffraction","volume":"99","author":"Halasz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.01.051","article-title":"Impurity profile study of zaleplon","volume":"44","author":"Bharathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0175","series-title":"Zaleplon, Profiles of drug substances, excipients and related methodology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1871-5125(10)35008-4","author":"Foda","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0180","first-page":"413","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of zopiclone and eszopiclone in the treatment of primary and comorbid insomnia, GABA and sleep: molecular","author":"Najib","year":"2010","journal-title":"Functional Clin. Asp."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AY01389F","article-title":"Forensics in hand: new trends in forensic devices (2013\u20132017)","volume":"10","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-021-00596-5","article-title":"Alternative matrices in forensic toxicology: a critical review","volume":"40","author":"de Campos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6035-2","article-title":"Aspects of matrix effects in applications of Chromatography chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry to forensic and clinical toxicology\u2014a review","volume":"403","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0200","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry in forensic science","author":"de Almeida","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2021.110881","article-title":"Incorporation of five common hypnotics into hair after a single dose and application to a forensic case of drug facilitated crimes","volume":"325","author":"Sasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113151","article-title":"Large scale consumption monitoring of benzodiazepines and z-drugs by hair analysis","volume":"183","author":"Madry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.111990","article-title":"Influences of hair dyeing on the distribution shapes of zolpidem and methoxyphenamine in hair","volume":"357","author":"Shima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1209-z","article-title":"Bioanalytical procedures for detection of chemical agents in hair in the case of drug-facilitated crimes","volume":"388","author":"Kintz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/anatox\/35.5.312","article-title":"Determination of illegally abused sedative-hypnotics in hair samples from drug offenders","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa131","article-title":"A comprehensive multi-analyte method for hair analysis: substance-specific quantification ranges and tool for task-oriented data evaluation","volume":"45","author":"Scholz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/15422119.2017.1281826","article-title":"Progress in analytical techniques for determination of urine components","volume":"46","author":"Ga\u0142\u0119zowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Rev."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2010.10.035","article-title":"Recent and potential developments in the analysis of urine: a review","volume":"684","author":"Ryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0245","series-title":"Urine drug screening: practical guide for clinicians, Mayo clinic proceedings","first-page":"66","author":"Moeller","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.1c00935","article-title":"Serum or plasma (and which plasma), that is the question","volume":"21","author":"Vignoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021230","article-title":"Differences between human plasma and serum metabolite profiles","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010015","article-title":"Defining blood plasma and serum metabolome by GC-MS","volume":"12","author":"Kiseleva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9040089","article-title":"Separation of serum and plasma proteins for in-depth proteomic analysis","volume":"9","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Separations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3268-9","article-title":"Determination of 19 drugs of abuse and metabolites in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"396","author":"Bj\u00f8rk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.05.006","article-title":"Fast chiral chromatographic method development and validation for the quantitation of eszopiclone in human plasma using LC\/MS\/MS","volume":"53","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-4784-y","article-title":"Quantitative determination of 43 common drugs and drugs of abuse in human serum by HPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"400","author":"Bassan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.02.038","article-title":"Validation of a simultaneous analytical method for the detection of 27 benzodiazepines and metabolites and zolpidem in hair using LC\u2013MS\/MS and its application to human and rat hair","volume":"879","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1651","article-title":"A rapid LC\u2010MS\/MS method for quantitation of eszopiclone in human plasma: application to a human pharmacokinetic study","volume":"26","author":"Hotha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.07.052","article-title":"Detection and validated quantification of 21 benzodiazepines and 3 \u201cz-drugs\u201d in human hair by LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"215","author":"Rust","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2012.10.018","article-title":"A rapid and accurate UPLC\/MS\/MS method for the simultaneous determination of zolpidem and its main metabolites in biological fluids and its application in a forensic context","volume":"911","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.08.005","article-title":"Direct quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines, metabolites, and analogs in diluted human urine by rapid resolution liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"21","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7513-x","article-title":"Detection and quantification of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in human whole blood, plasma, and serum samples as part of a comprehensive multi-analyte LC-MS\/MS approach","volume":"406","author":"Montenarh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.09.018","article-title":"Quantitative determination of zopiclone and zolpidem in whole blood by liquid\u2013liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"971","author":"Eliassen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-7763-2","article-title":"Validation of a multi-analyte LC\u2013MS\/MS method for screening and quantification of 87 psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair","volume":"406","author":"Fisichella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3377","article-title":"Toxicological screening of human plasma by on\u2010line SPE\u2010HPLC\u2010DAD: identification and quantification of basic drugs and metabolites","volume":"29","author":"Mut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.02.004","article-title":"Determination of zolpidem in human plasma by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry for clinical application","volume":"986","author":"Byeon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.04.015","article-title":"Hair testing in clinical setting: Simultaneous determination of 50 psychoactive drugs and metabolites in headache patients by LC tandem MS","volume":"126","author":"Licata","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/10826076.2017.1284675","article-title":"Separation and determination of selected psychotropic drugs in human serum by SPE\/HPLC\/DAD on C18 and Polar-RP columns","volume":"40","author":"Wr\u00f3blewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.08.058","article-title":"Enantioselective determination of (R)-zopiclone and (S)-zopiclone (eszopiclone) in human hair by micropulverized extraction and chiral liquid chromatography\/high resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"1519","author":"Miyaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0350","first-page":"349","article-title":"Quantitation of zolpidem in biological fluids by electro-driven microextraction combined with HPLC-UV analysis","volume":"17","author":"Yaripour","year":"2018","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0355","first-page":"13135","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs and metabolite concentrations in human whole blood by UPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa072","article-title":"Development and validation of an LC\u2013MS-MS method for the detection of 40 benzodiazepines and three Z-drugs in blood and urine by solid-phase extraction","volume":"44","author":"Sofalvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113569","article-title":"Rapid and simple multi-analyte LC\u2013MS\/MS method for the determination of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotic drugs in blood samples: development, validation and application based on three years of toxicological analyses","volume":"191","author":"Banaszkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106475","article-title":"Development of a simple nanofiber-based solid phase extraction procedure coupled with high performance liquid chromatography analysis for the quantification of eight sedative-hypnotic drugs in human urine samples","volume":"168","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.122041","article-title":"LC\u2013MS\/MS method for determining picogram-level of zolpidem and its main metabolites in hair using a zirconia-based sorbent","volume":"228","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105844","article-title":"Selective extraction of zolpidem from plasma using molecularly imprinted polymer followed by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"162","author":"Alimohammadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123816","article-title":"An ultra-sensitive UHPLC-QqQ-MS\/MS method for determination of 54 benzodiazepines (pharmaceutical drugs, NPS and metabolites) and z-drugs in biological samples","volume":"251","author":"Wache\u0142ko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2023.109115","article-title":"Determination of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotic drugs in whole blood samples by GC\u2013MS\/MS: method development, validation and application","volume":"193","author":"Banaszkiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112490","article-title":"Development and validation of a sonication-assisted dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction procedure and an HPLC-PDA method for quantitative determination of zolpidem in human plasma and its application to forensic samples","volume":"29","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Sellero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.101950","article-title":"Developing, validating, and comparing an analytical method to simultaneously detect z-drugs in urine samples using the QuEChERS approach with both liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"32","author":"Chauhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0405","first-page":"1","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatography methods for determining the purity of drugs with weak UV chromophores\u2013a review","author":"Sobolewska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0410","series-title":"Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS): applications in archaeology, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology","first-page":"4441","author":"Reber","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0415","first-page":"19","article-title":"Principles and applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in clinical biochemistry","volume":"30","author":"Pitt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.01.013","article-title":"A new tool for the evaluation of the analytical procedure: green analytical procedure index","volume":"181","author":"P\u0142otka-Wasylka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10076","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01887","article-title":"AGREE\u2014analytical GREEnness metric approach and software","volume":"92","author":"Pena-Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898125002086?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898125002086?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T07:51:35Z","timestamp":1748073095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898125002086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0009898125002086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advances in Z-drug detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120329","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120329"}}