{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:28:02Z","timestamp":1792538882228,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T11:45:15Z","timestamp":1746272715000},"page":"120341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Artificial intelligence (AI) in point-of-care testing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"574","author":[{"given":"Tahir S.","family":"Pillay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedef","family":"Yenice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0005","first-page":"103","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnostic testing in global health: What is the point?","volume":"10","author":"Pai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","article-title":"High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence","volume":"25","author":"Topol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46069-2","article-title":"Rapid deep learning-assisted predictive diagnostics for point-of-care testing","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e266","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00272-7","article-title":"Real-world evaluation of rapid and laboratory-free COVID-19 triage for emergency care: external validation and pilot deployment of artificial intelligence driven screening","volume":"4","author":"Soltan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0502","article-title":"Point-of-care testing performed by healthcare professionals outside the hospital setting: consensus based recommendations from the IFCC Committee on Point-of-Care Testing (IFCC C-POCT)","volume":"61","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0035","article-title":"Utilizing connectivity and data management system for effective quality management and regulatory compliance in point of care testing","volume":"22","author":"Fung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pract. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-021-00612-x","article-title":"Smartphone-based DNA diagnostics for malaria detection using deep learning for local decision support and blockchain technology for security","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56677-z","article-title":"Internet of Things enabled open source assisted real-time blood glucose monitoring framework","volume":"14","author":"Abubeker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0050","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c01582","article-title":"Role of machine learning assisted biosensors in point-of-care-testing for clinical decisions","volume":"9","author":"Bhaiyya","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076818815510","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare delivery","volume":"112","author":"Reddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0065","series-title":"2018 IEEE 11th Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA)","first-page":"93","article-title":"[WiP] Predictive Maintenance in Healthcare Services with Big Data Technologies","author":"Coban","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0070","first-page":"171","article-title":"Explainable AI and multi-modal causability in medicine","volume":"19","author":"Holzinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"I. Com. (Berl)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-1099-y","article-title":"Privacy protection for point-of-care using chaotic maps-based authentication and key agreement","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10134-x","article-title":"Chaotic-map based authenticated security framework with privacy preservation for remote point-of-care","volume":"80","author":"Deebak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0085","article-title":"The role of ai in hospitals and clinics: transforming healthcare in the 21st century","volume":"11","author":"Maleki Varnosfaderani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0090","unstructured":"W. Samek, T. Wiegand, K.-R. M\u00fcller, Explainable artificial intelligence: Understanding, visualizing and interpreting deep learning models, arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.08296 (2017)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0095","unstructured":"WHO, Ethics and Governance of Artificial intelligence, in: S. Swaminathan (Ed.) WHO, Geneva, 2021."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2023.43.5.401","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in point-of-care testing","volume":"43","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001142","article-title":"Implementation and operational research: population-based active tuberculosis case finding during large-scale mobile HIV testing campaigns in rural uganda","volume":"73","author":"Ssemmondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acquir Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-020-01061-4","article-title":"Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children\u2014employing the behaviour change wheel to aid intervention design and implementation","volume":"15","author":"Oliwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Implement. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1427261","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a non-invasive spot-check hemoglobin meter, Masimo Rad-67(R) pulse CO-Oximeter(R), in detection of anemia in antenatal care settings in Kenya","volume":"5","author":"Koech","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Glob. Womens. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2018.0037","article-title":"The application of medical artificial intelligence technology in rural areas of developing countries","volume":"2","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Equity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19599","article-title":"Leveraging deep learning for detecting red blood cell morphological changes in blood films from children with severe malaria anaemia","volume":"205","author":"Moysis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3265119","article-title":"MosquIoT: a system based on IoT and machine learning for the monitoring of Aedes aegypti Diptera: Culicidae","volume":"72","author":"Aira","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.390409","article-title":"mHealth spectroscopy of blood hemoglobin with spectral super-resolution","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optica"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.56338\/mppki.v7i11.6289","article-title":"Prediction of anemia using machine learning algorithms: scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Kario","year":"2024","journal-title":"Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.393","article-title":"The inevitable application of big data to health care","volume":"309","author":"Murdoch","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0150","first-page":"36","article-title":"Point of care and patient privacy: who is in control?","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Top Health Inf. Manage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0155","first-page":"167","article-title":"Training and competency strategies for point-of-care testing","volume":"32","author":"Yenice","year":"2021","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0160","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in tuberculosis: a new ally in disease control","volume":"20","author":"McClean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5081","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-240790","article-title":"Secure data communication in WSHN using EXP-MD5 and DHSK-ECC","volume":"32","author":"Anjikumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technol. Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0170","article-title":"Costs of point-of-care viral load testing for adults and children living with HIV in kenya","volume":"11","author":"Bulterys","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Arwah, S. Mbugua, J. Ngure, M. Makau, P. Mwaura, D. Kamau, et al., Cost & Cost-Effectiveness of Implementing SD Biosensor Antigen Detecting SARs-CoV-2 Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Kenya, medRxiv (2023) 2023.01.05.23284225.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.05.23284225"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0180","series-title":"IEEE 31st International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW)","first-page":"316","article-title":"Revisiting the performance-explainability trade-off in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)","author":"Crook","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab127","article-title":"Trading off accuracy and explainability in AI decision-making: findings from 2 citizens\u2019 juries","volume":"28","author":"van der Veer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0190","first-page":"1","article-title":"Explainable AI: examining challenges and opportunities in developing explainable AI systems for transparent decision-making","volume":"4","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0280","article-title":"Emerging technology-driven hybrid models for preventing and monitoring infectious diseases a comprehensive review and conceptual framework","volume":"13","author":"Albahlal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.61356\/SMIJ.2024.77106","article-title":"Synergizing AI, IoT, and blockchain for diagnosing pandemic diseases in smart cities: challenges and opportunities","volume":"7","author":"Alrashdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Mach. Intell. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0290","article-title":"Integrating AI with IoT for dengue monitoring in metropolitan","author":"Yusuff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Frade, R. Mendonca, S. Cooper, S. Morris, H. Lee, K. Gupta, B. Sihan Li, Y. Ruan, M. Marucheck, P. Isabelli, D. Hattery, D. Rech, HealthPulse AI: Enhancing Diagnostic Trust and Accessibility in Under-Resourced Settings through AI [version 1], VeriXiv 2(54) (2025).","DOI":"10.12688\/verixiv.876.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-021-01577-6","article-title":"Convergence model of AI and IoT for virus disease control system","volume":"27","author":"Sim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pers Ubiquitous Comput"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0200","article-title":"AI-Driven IoT for early detection of epidemics: a case study on influenza outbreaks","volume":"16","author":"Malik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Recent Develop. Artif. Intell. Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7713939","article-title":"IoT-enabled framework for early detection and prediction of COVID-19 suspects by leveraging machine learning in cloud","volume":"2022","author":"Mir","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2025.1506608","article-title":"Machine learning-based screening of asthma biomarkers and related immune infiltration","volume":"6","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35866-2","article-title":"Development and validation of asthma risk prediction models using co-expression gene modules and machine learning methods","volume":"13","author":"Dessie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-023-02137-z","article-title":"Personalized hypertension treatment recommendations by a data-driven model","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0220","article-title":"Point-of-care testing: a critical analysis of the market and future trends","volume":"3\u20132024","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Lab Chip Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0225","unstructured":"Seidor, Integrating artificial intelligence into the IoT - Use cases and trends, 2023. https:\/\/www.seidor.com\/blog\/integrating-artificial-intelligence-iot-use-cases-and-trends."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/40259","article-title":"The effectiveness of wearable devices using artificial intelligence for blood glucose level forecasting or prediction: systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12010004","article-title":"Edge-AI enabled wearable device for non-invasive type 1 diabetes detection using ECG signals","volume":"12","author":"Gragnaniello","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0245","series-title":"Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference","first-page":"97","article-title":"Developing personalized models of blood pressure estimation from wearable sensors data using minimally-trained domain adversarial neural networks","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/54156","article-title":"Understanding providers' Attitude Toward AI in India's informal health care sector: survey study","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56589-3","article-title":"Deep learning, computer-aided radiography reading for tuberculosis: a diagnostic accuracy study from a tertiary hospital in India","volume":"10","author":"Nash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0260","unstructured":"WHO, WHO announces new collaborating centre on AI for health governance, 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/06-03-2025-who-announces-new-collaborating-centre-on-ai-for-health-governance. (Accessed 6 March 2025 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0265","unstructured":"T.G. Fund, Global Fund Partnership Launches Investment Case for Eighth Replenishment, 2025. https:\/\/www.theglobalfund.org\/en\/news\/2025\/2025-02-18-global-fund-partnership-launches-investment-case-eighth-replenishme."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0270","unstructured":"Z. Brey, Announcing $5 million in Grand Challenges AI grants to spur local innovation for global good, 2023. https:\/\/www.gatesfoundation.org\/ideas\/articles\/grand-challenges-ai-rfp-recipients-2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-024-00266-9","article-title":"Application of artificial intelligence in hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Hypertens."}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898125002207?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898125002207?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T03:51:51Z","timestamp":1748058711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898125002207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0009898125002207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Artificial intelligence (AI) in point-of-care testing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120341","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120341"}}