{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:26:19Z","timestamp":1793643979425,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006735","name":"National Cancer Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MCRCF-2021-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCRCF-2021-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:20:30Z","timestamp":1769559630000},"page":"120872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Advancing Prostate Cancer Diagnostics: The Potential of Paper-Based Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"584","author":[{"given":"Wei Yin","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wee Jian","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopinath","family":"Packirisamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavai","family":"Sthaneshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayanan","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon-Hian","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.005","article-title":"Recent global patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates","volume":"77","author":"Culp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0010","series-title":"Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2020. https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/media\/globocan\/factsheets\/populations\/458-malaysia-fact-sheet.pdf. Accessed February 26, 2025","author":"GLOBOCAN","year":"2022"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0015","first-page":"1698","article-title":"Prostate cancer cases might rise to 3 million globally by 2040","volume":"331","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5967","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.14.5967","article-title":"Frequency of Unnecessarily Biopsies among Patients with Suspicion of Prostate Cancer in Syrian Men","volume":"16","author":"Bachour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0025","first-page":"001","article-title":"The role of prostate size in determining serumic PSA values in patients in grey zone patients","volume":"18","author":"Neziri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Onkol. Radioter."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5173\/ceju.2012.03.art3","article-title":"Complication rates after prostate biopsy according to the number of sampled cores","volume":"65","author":"Madej","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Urol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.3390\/s120911505","article-title":"Recent advances in paper-based sensors","volume":"12","author":"Liana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-6911-4","article-title":"Sensing approaches on paper-based devices: a review","volume":"405","author":"Nery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5998","DOI":"10.3390\/s21185998","article-title":"Hospitals and laboratories on paper-based sensors: A mini review","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12090737","article-title":"Role of paper-based sensors in fight against cancer for the developing world","volume":"12","author":"Dukle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6577","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b01427","article-title":"Sensitive and quantitative detection of C-reaction protein based on immunofluorescent nanospheres coupled with lateral flow test strip","volume":"88","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"7101","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05058","article-title":"The origins and the future of microfluidics","volume":"442","author":"Whitesides","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.06.040","article-title":"Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for potential use in quantitative and direct detection of disease biomarkers in clinical analysis","volume":"1060","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339526","article-title":"Wireless USB-like electrochemical platform for individual electrochemical sensing in microdroplets","volume":"1197","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.11.061","article-title":"A USB-based electrochemical biosensor prototype for point-of-care diagnosis","volume":"161","author":"Loncaric","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0080","series-title":"Usefulness of free PSA ratio to enhance detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in patients with PI-RADS< 3 and PSA\u2264 10, Prostate Int","author":"Heo","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0085","series-title":"Screening Tests for Prostate Cancer. Retrived on 3 June 2025 from https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/prostate-cancer\/detection-diagnosis-staging\/tests.html","author":"Society","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00611-5","article-title":"Analysis of percent free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer detection: influence of total PSA, prostate volume, and age","volume":"48","author":"Partin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80487-7","article-title":"Using proportions of free to total prostate-specific antigen, age, and total prostate-specific antigen to predict the probability of prostate cancer","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.19.1542","article-title":"Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial","volume":"279","author":"Catalona","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2B","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0105","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Age-related free PSA, total PSA and free PSA\/total PSA ratios: establishment of reference ranges in Chinese males","volume":"17","author":"Kao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0110","first-page":"107","article-title":"Percent free prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer diagnosis in Chinese men with a PSA of 4.0\u201310.0 ng\/mL: results from the Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium, Asian","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63946-6","article-title":"Influence of finasteride on free and total serum prostate specific antigen levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"159","author":"Pannek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7085","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.16.7085","article-title":"Human kallikrein-2, prostate specific antigen and free-prostate specific antigen in combination to discriminate prostate cancer from benign diseases in Syrian patients","volume":"16","author":"Bachour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S212340","article-title":"Establishment of reference intervals for serum [\u2212 2] proPSA (p2PSA),% p2PSA and prostate health index in healthy men","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2014.55.7.436","article-title":"Clinical use of [-2] proPSA (p2PSA) and its derivatives (% p2PSA and Prostate Health Index) for the detection of prostate cancer: a review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Abrate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0135","first-page":"275","article-title":"Validity of prostate health index and percentage of [-2] pro-prostate-specific antigen as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: Omani tertiary hospitals experience, Oman","volume":"32","author":"Al Saidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.03.011","article-title":"A comparison of prostate health index, total PSA,% free PSA, and proPSA in a contemporary US population\u2014The MiCheck-01 prospective trial","volume":"38","author":"Shore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol.:Semin. Orig. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0007","article-title":"A prospective, multicenter, National Cancer Institute Early Detection Research Network study of [\u2212 2] proPSA: improving prostate cancer detection and correlating with cancer aggressiveness","volume":"19","author":"Sokoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13139","volume":"117","author":"Boegemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-0554","article-title":"The prostate health index and the percentage of [-2] proPSA maintain their diagnostic performance when calculated with total and free PSA from different manufacturers","volume":"59","author":"Garrido","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2017.1298155","article-title":"Measurement of serum isoform [\u20132] proPSA derivatives shows superior accuracy to magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with a total prostate-specific antigen level of 2\u201310 ng\/ml","volume":"51","author":"Furuya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0165","first-page":"149","article-title":"Kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) as valuable biomarkers for prostate cancer, Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases in Cancer","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Elsevier"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0170","series-title":"FDA Premarket Approval Application (PMA) Number: P190022. [Internet]. Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf19\/P190022A.pdf","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12943","article-title":"The 4Kscore blood test accurately identifies men with aggressive prostate cancer prior to prostate biopsy with or without DRE information","volume":"71","author":"Zappala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.021","article-title":"A multi-institutional prospective trial in the USA confirms that the 4Kscore accurately identifies men with high-grade prostate cancer","volume":"68","author":"Parekh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2019.08.015","article-title":"Avoiding unnecessary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsies: negative and positive predictive value of MRI according to prostate-specific antigen density, 4Kscore and risk calculators","volume":"3","author":"Falagario","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02763-1","article-title":"Advance in prostate cancer biomarker discovery: bridging detection, prognosis and therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382010000600003","article-title":"The novel prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) biomarker","volume":"36","author":"Bourdoumis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. braz j urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13734","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers of prostate cancer","volume":"25","author":"Fujita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.01.075","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the PCA3 assay in guiding initial biopsy decisions","volume":"185","author":"de la Taille","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.12.005","article-title":"Urinary PCA3 as a predictor of prostate cancer in a cohort of 3,073 men undergoing initial prostate biopsy","volume":"191","author":"Chevli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0215","first-page":"325","article-title":"The role of a single PCA3 test before a first negative prostate biopsy: 5-year follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Bernardeau","year":"2017","journal-title":"AFU"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-015-0110-x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of prostate cancer gene 3 score in diagnosis among Chinese men with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.10.009","article-title":"Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for PCA3","volume":"41","author":"V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5450","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7281","article-title":"Significance of the TMPRSS2: ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0235","first-page":"95","article-title":"Performance of PCA3 and TMPRSS2: ERG Within the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator Version 2 in a Lithuanian Cohort","author":"Kemesiene","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0240","first-page":"149","article-title":"PCA3 and TMPRSS2: ERG urine level as diagnostic biomarker of prostate cancer","author":"Warli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.04.075","article-title":"Clinical use of PCA3 and TMPRSS2: ERG urinary biomarkers in African-American men undergoing prostate biopsy","volume":"196","author":"Feibus","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.04.039","article-title":"Urine TMPRSS2: ERG plus PCA3 for individualized prostate cancer risk assessment","volume":"70","author":"Tomlins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2012.00131","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer","volume":"2","author":"Diamond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25ra23","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000403","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells from patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"2","author":"Stott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13040608","article-title":"Baseline CTC Count as a predictor of long-term outcomes in high-risk prostate Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Cie\u015blikowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2437871","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.37871","article-title":"Circulating tumor cell count and overall survival in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Goldkorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00582","article-title":"New screening test improves detection of prostate cancer using circulating tumor cells and prostate-specific markers","volume":"10","author":"Ried","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2022.01.002","article-title":"Association of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and circulating tumor cell-based PSA mRNA in prostate cancer","volume":"10","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostate Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12139-3","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.3390\/s80314000","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors-sensor principles and architectures","volume":"8","author":"Grieshaber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1039\/b714449k","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors","volume":"39","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AN02230E","article-title":"A novel electrochemical strategy based on porous 3D graphene-starch architecture and silver deposition for ultrasensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase","volume":"144","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201800093","article-title":"An electrochemical biosensor for prostate cancer biomarker detection using graphene oxide\u2013gold nanostructures","volume":"19","author":"Jonous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2016.08.009","article-title":"A comparative investigation for prostate cancer detection using two electrochemical biosensors based on various nanomaterials and the linker of thioglycolic acid","volume":"778","author":"Tezerjani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.131667","article-title":"Disposable electrochemical immunosensor for prostate cancer detection","volume":"360","author":"Kabay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2017.10.009","article-title":"Development of an electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles incorporated chitosan biopolymer nanocomposite film for the detection of prostate cancer using PSA as biomarker","volume":"112","author":"Suresh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46645","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b19180","article-title":"Detection of the prostate cancer biomarker PCA3 with electrochemical and impedance-based biosensors","volume":"11","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.03.027","article-title":"Improved sandwich-format electrochemical immunosensor based on \u201csmart\u201d SiO2@ polydopamine nanocarrier","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120595","article-title":"Electrochemical nano-genosensor for highly sensitive detection of miR-21 biomarker based on SWCNT-grafted dendritic Au nanostructure for early detection of prostate cancer","volume":"209","author":"Sabahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7507","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY01524G","article-title":"An impedimeric biosensor based on a composite of graphene nanosheets and polyaniline as a suitable platform for prostate cancer sensing","volume":"8","author":"Tezerjani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0345","article-title":"Development of proof of concept for prostate cancer detection: An electrochemical immunosensor based on fullerene-C60 and copper nanoparticles composite film as diagnostic tool","volume":"16","author":"Suresh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201900659","article-title":"Fabrication of Immunosensor Based on Polyaniline, Fullerene-C60 and Palladium Nanoparticles Nanocomposite: An Electrochemical Detection Tool for Prostate Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Suresh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.07.064","article-title":"Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for PSA biomarker detection in prostate cancer cells using gold nanoparticles\/PAMAM dendrimer loaded with enzyme linked aptamer as integrated triple signal amplification strategy","volume":"74","author":"Kavosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.11.003","article-title":"Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of engrailed-2 based on homeodomain-specific DNA probe recognition for the diagnosis of prostate cancer","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.01.077","article-title":"An electrochemical biosensor to simultaneously detect VEGF and PSA for early prostate cancer diagnosis based on graphene oxide\/ssDNA\/PLLA nanoparticles","volume":"89","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14120589","article-title":"An Unlabeled Electrochemical Immunosensor Uses Poly (thionine) and Graphene Quantum Dot-Modified Activated Marigold Flower Carbon for Early Prostate Cancer Detection","volume":"14","author":"Cotchim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps31171","article-title":"A sensitive aptamer-based biosensor for electrochemical quantification of PSA as a specific diagnostic marker of prostate cancer","volume":"23","author":"Hassani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8050580","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Ti3C2TX MXene\/chitosan nanocomposite-based amperometric biosensor for detection of potential prostate cancer marker in urine samples","volume":"8","author":"Hroncekova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.126657","article-title":"Highly sensitive biosensor based on graphene\u2013poly (3-aminobenzoic acid) modified electrodes and porous-hollowed-silver-gold nanoparticle labelling for prostate cancer detection","volume":"296","author":"Pothipor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200804194","article-title":"Electrochemical immunoassay for free prostate specific antigen (f-PSA) using magnetic beads","volume":"20","author":"Sarkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B234","DOI":"10.1149\/2.1461706jes","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles assembled chemically functionalized reduced graphene oxide supported electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive prostate cancer detection","volume":"164","author":"Barman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.115842","article-title":"Lateral flow assays towards point-of-care cancer detection: A review of current progress and future trends, TrAC","volume":"125","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128812","article-title":"Detection of urinary prostate specific antigen by a lateral flow biosensor predicting repeat prostate biopsy outcome","volume":"325","author":"Di Nardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2015.1075130","article-title":"Quantitative lateral flow immunoassay for total prostate specific antigen in serum","volume":"49","author":"Andreeva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6444","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AN01746K","article-title":"Lectin-based lateral flow assay: proof-of-concept","volume":"141","author":"Damborsk\u00fd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crbiot.2021.11.003","article-title":"Highly portable quantitative screening test for prostate-specific antigen at point of care","volume":"3","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12010033","article-title":"Lateral flow immunoassay with quantum-dot-embedded silica nanoparticles for prostate-specific antigen detection","volume":"12","author":"Bock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomater"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12356","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b04330","article-title":"Quantitative lateral flow strip sensor using highly doped upconversion nanoparticles","volume":"90","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-021-03613-z","article-title":"Advances and challenges of fluorescent nanomaterials for synthesis and biomedical applications","volume":"16","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c03704","article-title":"SERS\u2013Temperature Dual-Mode T-type Lateral Flow Strip for Accurate Detection of Free and Total Prostate-Specific Antigens in Blood","volume":"96","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.135012","article-title":"Portable SERS-based lateral flow immunoassay strips with self-calibration for detection of a prostate cancer biomarker","volume":"401","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124654","article-title":"SERS-based biosensor for detection of f-PSA%: Implications for the diagnosis of prostate cancer","volume":"261","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-019-0127-4","article-title":"Approaches to urinary detection of prostate cancer","volume":"22","author":"Eskra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.444","article-title":"Urinary PSA: a potential useful marker when serum PSA is between 2.5 ng\/mL and 10 ng\/mL","volume":"1","author":"Bolduc","year":"2013","journal-title":"CUAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3390\/bios4030204","article-title":"An inexpensive, fast and sensitive quantitative lateral flow magneto-immunoassay for total prostate specific antigen","volume":"4","author":"Barnett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2021.114265","article-title":"Lateral flow immunoassay based on gold magnetic nanoparticles for the protein quantitative detection: Prostate-specific antigen","volume":"627","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.011","article-title":"Lectins applied to diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia: A review","volume":"190","author":"Cavada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119689","article-title":"Lectin-nanoparticle concept for free PSA glycovariant providing superior cancer specificity","volume":"559","author":"Kekki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0485","article-title":"Development of gold nanospikes-modified quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for prostate specific antigen detection","volume":"45","author":"Sonklin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c01252","article-title":"Multiplex Determination of Glycan Profiles on Urinary Prostate-Specific Antigen by Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Combined with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","volume":"9","author":"Armero","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120389","article-title":"Highly sensitive voltammetric immunosensor for the detection of prostate specific antigen based on silver nanoprobe assisted graphene oxide modified screen printed carbon electrode","volume":"208","author":"Thunkhamrak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21051","DOI":"10.20964\/2021.05.04","article-title":"QCM biosensor for Prostate Specific Antigen assay using antibody\u2013gold particle conjugate","volume":"16","author":"Pohanka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.10.019","article-title":"A simple and facile paper-based colorimetric assay for detection of free hydrogen sulfide in prostate cancer cells","volume":"256","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00823","article-title":"Signal amplified gold nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis on paper-based analytical devices","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.11.026","article-title":"A colorimetric paper sensor for citrate as biomarker for early stage detection of prostate cancer based on peroxidase-like activity of cysteine-capped gold nanoclusters","volume":"210","author":"Abarghoei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.339130","article-title":"An origami paper-based peptide nucleic acid device coupled with label-free DNAzyme probe hybridization chain reaction for prostate cancer molecular screening test","volume":"1186","author":"Kaewarsa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.135146","article-title":"Prostate cancer diagnosed and staged using UV-irradiated urine samples and a paper-based analytical device","volume":"403","author":"Bezdekova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.137103","article-title":"Electrochemically generated paper SERS substrate for detection of exosome in urine samples","volume":"426","author":"Kayi\u015f","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1049\/bsb2.12090","article-title":"Fast and low-cost determination of prostate-specific antigen using paper-based immunodevice modified with Cu@ CuS@ Au NPs nanocages","volume":"11","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosurf Biotribol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mds3.10122","article-title":"Detection of prostate cancer DNA using tetrapods based disposable paper ecofriendly biosensor device","volume":"3","author":"Gautam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Devices Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.08.067","article-title":"Graphene nanocomposites modified electrochemical aptamer sensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen","volume":"121","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31009","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c04238","article-title":"Microfluidic Paper-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Based on Modified Flexible Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes","volume":"10","author":"Soongsong","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxnano.2023.100017","article-title":"Detection of prostate specific antigen using a magnetic sulfonated reduced graphene oxide\/gold nanoparticle aptasensor","volume":"2","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Next Nanotechnology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00879","article-title":"Bioinspired framework catalysts: From enzyme immobilization to biomimetic catalysis","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106870","article-title":"PSA detection electrochemical immunosensor based on MOF-235 nanomaterial adsorption aggregation signal amplification strategy","volume":"171","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.10.111","article-title":"2D Fe\/Co-MOF\/SOX cascade reactors for fast noninvasive detection of sarcosine level in prostate cancer urine","volume":"679","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0575","article-title":"Facile synthesis of MOF-derived graphitic carbon-decorated NiVO4 as an ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor for non-enzymatic detection of sarcosine","volume":"180867","author":"Rasheed","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117619","article-title":"MOF-functionalized paper-based biosensors: fabrications, mechanisms and applications, TrAC","volume":"173","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10991","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c01378","article-title":"Highly efficient isolation and sensitive detection of small extracellular vesicles using a paper-based device","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112095","article-title":"Smartphone-assisted robust enzymes@ MOFs-based paper biosensor for point-of-care detection","volume":"156","author":"Kou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0595","first-page":"1","article-title":"MXenes in biosensing: Enhancing sensitivity and flexibility\u2013A review of properties, applications, and future directions","volume":"47","author":"Amani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Biosensing Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0600","article-title":"MXene\/PEDOT: PSS-based dual-biomarker impedimetric immunosensor for accurate differentiation of prostate cancer from BPH through urinary detection","volume":"117888","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.08.076","article-title":"Biofunctionalized two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXenes for ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarker","volume":"121","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97853-z","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor integrating MXene (Ti3C2TX) and graphene for advanced carcinoembryonic antigen detection","volume":"15","author":"Khodaie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjac.2021.11.005","article-title":"Ti3C2-MXene-assisted signal amplification for sensitive and selective surface plasmon resonance biosensing of biomarker","volume":"50","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0620","article-title":"Self-assembled prussian blue nanoparticles on MXene quantum dots modified AuNPs for sensitive and reproducible biosensing of ovarian specific antigen (CA-125)","volume":"206","author":"Gharehaghaji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12586","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR01328J","article-title":"Multi-MXene assisted large-scale manufacturing of electrochemical biosensors based on enzyme-nanoflower enhanced electrodes for the detection of H 2 O 2 secreted from live cancer cells","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126343","article-title":"MoS2\/MXene Van der Waals heterojunction-based electrochemiluminescence sensor for triple negative breast cancer detection","volume":"277","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127260","article-title":"Air-brush spray coated Ti3C2-MXene-graphene nanohybrid thin film based electrochemical biosensor for cancer biomarker detection","volume":"253","author":"Kalkal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113626","article-title":"MXene-based cytosensor for the detection of HER2-positive cancer cells using CoFe2O4@ Ag magnetic nanohybrids conjugated to the HB5 aptamer","volume":"195","author":"Vajhadin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7289","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b02804","article-title":"Understanding the aqueous stability and filtration capability of MoS2 membranes","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12100852","article-title":"based screen-printed ionic-liquid\/graphene electrode integrated with prussian blue\/MXene nanocomposites enabled electrochemical detection for glucose sensing","volume":"12","author":"Niamsi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.154972","article-title":"Graphene\/MXene\/cellulose cellulosic paper-based flexible bifunctional sensors utilizing molecular bridge strategy with tunable piezoresistive effect for temperature-pressure sensing","volume":"497","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.20517\/ss.2024.68","article-title":"Flexible and breathable MXene-modified paper-based piezoresistive pressure sensors integrated into airbag pillow for sleep monitoring","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soft Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0665","article-title":"Graphene-based biosensors for PSA","volume":"120406","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11010060","article-title":"Graphene-based biosensors for detection of biomarkers","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30387","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2025.3584097","article-title":"Rapid, Label-Free Detection of PSA using Graphene based Resistive Sensor","volume":"25","author":"Konthoujam","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2025.08.041","article-title":"Fabrication of graphene\/MoS2 composite material for enhanced electrochemical sensing of carcinoembryonic antigen in lung cancer detection","volume":"128","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alexandria Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/app.39686","article-title":"Electrochemical formation of poly (thionine) thin films: The effect of amine group on the polymeric film formation of phenothiazine dyes","volume":"131","author":"Top\u00e7u","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044105","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymers for the determination of cancer biomarkers","volume":"24","author":"Pilvenyte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.04.061","article-title":"Dual-modality impedimetric immunosensor for early detection of prostate-specific antigen and myoglobin markers based on antibody-molecularly imprinted polymer","volume":"202","author":"Karami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.08.043","article-title":"Aptamer\u2013MIP hybrid receptor for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of prostate specific antigen","volume":"75","author":"Jolly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2022.107311","volume":"177","author":"Khumngern","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117475","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer paper-based analytical devices for biomarkers detection, TrAC","volume":"170","author":"Alahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-017-2458-y","article-title":"A glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene nanoplatelets, gold nanoparticles and chitosan, and coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer for highly sensitive determination of prostate specific antigen","volume":"184","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111410","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted paper-based electrochemical cell for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural determination in honey","volume":"205","author":"Rebelo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.132122","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer integrated into paper-based analytical device for smartphone-based detection: Application for sulfamethoxazole","volume":"368","author":"Lamaoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-409547-2.13492-4","article-title":"Aptamer-based biosensors","volume":"7","author":"Hianik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Encycl. Interfacial Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2007.12.004","article-title":"Aptamer-based biosensors, TrAC","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12070646","article-title":"Current perspectives on aptamers as diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents","volume":"12","author":"Kumar Kulabhusan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5379","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN00954E","article-title":"Trends in aptamer selection methods and applications","volume":"140","author":"Y\u00fcce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112872","article-title":"Impedimetric aptamer-based glycan PSA score for discrimination of prostate cancer from other prostate diseases","volume":"175","author":"Diaz-Fernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0755","article-title":"Ultrasensitive aptamer-based electrochemical nanobiosensor in diagnosis of prostate cancer using 2D: 2D reduced graphene oxide\/graphitic carbon nitride decorated with Au nanoparticles","volume":"12","author":"Tabar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0760","article-title":"Molybdenum disulfide-based aptamer sensor for high-precision detection of prostate specific antigen in serum","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Biosensing Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124522","article-title":"Chemical modification of aptamers for increased binding affinity in diagnostic applications: Current status and future prospects","volume":"21","author":"Elskens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1089\/nat.2017.0680","article-title":"Effect of chemical modifications on aptamer stability in serum","volume":"27","author":"Kratschmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6978","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b02505","article-title":"Roll-to-roll gravure printed electrochemical sensors for wearable and medical devices","volume":"12","author":"Bariya","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111792","article-title":"Using SERS-based microfluidic paper-based device (\u03bcPAD) for calibration-free quantitative measurement of AMI cardiac biomarkers","volume":"147","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126000549?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126000549?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:27:42Z","timestamp":1793640462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898126000549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":156,"alternative-id":["S0009898126000549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advancing Prostate Cancer Diagnostics: The Potential of Paper-Based Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.120872","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120872"}}