{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:30:34Z","timestamp":1792071034681,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T16:34:26Z","timestamp":1777307666000},"page":"121046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bridging the gaps in Alzheimer's disease biomarker research: From multi-omics integration to point-of-care diagnostics, a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"589","author":[{"given":"Shakhboz","family":"Khasanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansur","family":"Tolibov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigora","family":"Daminova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"7","author":"Nichols","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0010","series-title":"World alzheimer report 2018: the state of the art of dementia research","author":"Patterson","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006189","article-title":"Neuropathological alterations in alzheimer disease","volume":"1","author":"Serrano-Pozo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5789","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245789","article-title":"Comprehensive review on alzheimers disease: causes and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Breijyeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051398","article-title":"An insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in alzheimers disease","volume":"11","author":"Ratan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-220116","article-title":"Compensatory mechanisms in early alzheimers disease and clinical setting: the need for novel neuropsychological strategies","volume":"7","author":"Torrealba","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of alzheimers disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group* under the auspices of department of health and human services task force on alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Mckhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.01.041","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease \u2014 recent biomarker developments in relation to updated diagnostic criteria","volume":"449","author":"H\u00f6glund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70355-6","article-title":"Association between CSF biomarkers and incipient alzheimers disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a follow-up study","volume":"5","author":"Hansson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70178-3","article-title":"Research criteria for the diagnosis of alzheimers disease: revising the NINCDS\u2013ADRDA criteria","volume":"6","author":"Dubois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of alzheimers disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859","article-title":"Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of alzheimers disease: Alzheimers association workgroup","volume":"20","author":"Jack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0065","article-title":"Alzheimers association clinical practice guideline on the use of blood-based biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of suspected alzheimer\u2019s disease within specialized care settings","volume":"21","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0070","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors for early detection of alzheimers disease","volume":"572","author":"Jakhonkulovna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666201111141341","article-title":"Recent advancements in electrochemical biosensors for alzheimers disease biomarkers detection","volume":"28","author":"Miku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101346","article-title":"Omics sciences for systems biology in alzheimers disease: state-of-the-art of the evidence","volume":"69","author":"Hampel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70886","article-title":"Integrative multi-omics approaches identify molecular pathways and improve Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk prediction","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119857","article-title":"Biomarkers in alzheimers disease","volume":"562","author":"Rajendran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-019-00168-1","article-title":"Salivary biomarkers for alzheimers disease and related disorders","volume":"8","author":"Ashton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.4","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Blennow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380413","article-title":"Reduction of \u03b2-amyloid peptide42 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Motter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000046581.81650.D0","article-title":"CSF a\u03b242 levels correlate with amyloid-neuropathology","volume":"60","author":"Strozyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01003-w","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid biomarker ratio a\u03b242\/40 identifies amyloid positron emission tomography positivity better than a\u03b242 alone in a heterogeneous memory clinic cohort","volume":"14","author":"Amft","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.274","article-title":"CSF A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 and A\u03b242\/A\u03b238 ratios: better diagnostic markers of alzheimer disease","volume":"3","author":"Janelidze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131838","article-title":"Additional use of A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 ratio with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers p-tau and a\u03b242 increases the level of evidence of alzheimers disease pathophysiological process in routine practice","volume":"41","author":"Sauvee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.2987","article-title":"An online nano-LC-ESI-FTICR-MS method for comprehensive characterization of endogenous fragments from amyloid \u03b2 and amyloid precursor protein in human and cat cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"47","author":"Brinkmalm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.3.10.1141","article-title":"Modulation of the dynamic instability of tubulin assembly by the microtubule-associated protein tau","volume":"3","author":"Drechsel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.1.2.213","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for alzheimers disease","volume":"1","author":"Blennow","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0145","first-page":"2446","article-title":"CSF-analyses in clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. A literature review and three cases from routine clinical practice","volume":"98","author":"Blennow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00168-5","article-title":"Tau biomarkers in alzheimers disease: towards implementation in clinical practice and trials","volume":"21","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15436-0","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau217 performs better than p-tau181 as a biomarker of alzheimers disease","volume":"11","author":"Janelidze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012921","article-title":"Novel tau biomarkers phosphorylated at t181, t217 or t231 rise in the initial stages of the preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s continuum when only subtle changes in a\u03b2 pathology are detected","volume":"12","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Calvet","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002423","article-title":"Increased CSF neurogranin concentration is specific to alzheimer disease","volume":"86","author":"Wellington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0801-2","article-title":"Neurogranin as a cognitive biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid and blood exosomes for alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22448","article-title":"Visinin-like protein-1: diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in alzheimer disease","volume":"70","author":"Tarawneh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001015","article-title":"CSF neurofilament light differs in neurodegenerative diseases and predicts severity and survival","volume":"83","author":"Skillback","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10010056","article-title":"Neurofilaments: the C-reactive protein of neurology","volume":"10","author":"Lambertsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134658","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of YKL-40 in prodromal alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"715","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01716-2","article-title":"Astrocyte biomarker signatures of amyloid-\u03b2 and tau pathologies in alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Ferrari-Souza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0407-6","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid synaptosomal-associated protein 25 is a key player in synaptic degeneration in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000488481","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity and sA\u03b2PP\u03b2 as biomarker candidates of alzheimers disease \/\/dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders","volume":"45","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00361-6","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers for alzheimer\u2019s disease: towards clinical implementation","volume":"21","author":"Teunissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114408","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Leuzy","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-01114-1","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers in alzheimer\u2019s disease: a mini-review","volume":"38","author":"Padala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.13855","article-title":"Blood biomarkers to detect alzheimer disease in primary care and secondary care","volume":"332","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103837","article-title":"Comparing tau status via plasma pTau181, pTau231 and [18F]MK6240 tau-PET","volume":"76","author":"Tissot","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30071-5","article-title":"Blood phosphorylated tau 181 as a biomarker for alzheimers disease: a diagnostic performance and prediction modelling study using data from four prospective cohorts","volume":"19","author":"Karikari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00682-7","article-title":"Combination of plasma amyloid beta (1-42\/1-40) and glial fibrillary acidic protein strongly associates with cerebral amyloid pathology","volume":"12","author":"Verberk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89004-x","article-title":"Highly specific and ultrasensitive plasma test detects abeta (1\u201342) and abeta (1\u201340) in alzheimers disease","volume":"11","author":"Thijssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2024.07.013","article-title":"Challenges in the practical implementation of blood biomarkers for alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Sch\u00f6ll","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.05.2243","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s Association external quality control program for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers","volume":"7","author":"Mattsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.11.003","article-title":"Global standardization measurement of cerebral spinal fluid for alzheimer\u2019s disease: an update from the alzheimer\u2019s association global biomarkers consortium","volume":"9","author":"Carrillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.220392","article-title":"Mass spectrometry\u2013based candidate reference measurement procedure for quantification of amyloid-\u03b2 in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"60","author":"Leinenbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.3063","article-title":"Racial and ethnic estimates of alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias in the United States (2015\u20132060) in adults aged\u2265 65 years","volume":"15","author":"Matthews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01822-2","article-title":"Performance of plasma phosphorylated tau 181 and 217 in the community","volume":"28","author":"Mielke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120644","article-title":"Applications of biosensors in alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis","volume":"210","author":"Brazaca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c00043","article-title":"Strategy, design, and fabrication of electrochemical biosensors: a tutorial","volume":"9","author":"Sankar","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06927-8","article-title":"Enhanced alzheimer\u2019s biomarker detection using a ternary composite electrochemical aptasensor","volume":"192","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0295","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of a\u03b240 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients using photoelectrochemical biosensors","volume":"192","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116738","article-title":"In-situ nanozyme catalytic amplification coupled with a universal antibody orientation strategy based electrochemical immunosensor for AD-related biomarker","volume":"266","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06395-0","article-title":"Nucleic acid aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of serum p-tau231 and the instant screening test of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"191","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-022-05199-4","article-title":"Portable electrochemical micro-workstation for simultaneous detection of multiple alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers","volume":"189","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mikrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5509","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c05665","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle-decorated catalytic micromotor-based aptassay for rapid electrochemical label-free amyloid-\u03b242 oligomer determination in clinical samples from Alzheimer\u2019s patients","volume":"96","author":"Gallo-Orive","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0320","article-title":"Micromotor-based electrochemical immunoassays for reliable determination of amyloid-\u03b2 (1\u201342) in Alzheimer\u2019s diagnosed clinical samples","volume":"249","author":"Pidal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s44211-024-00614-7","article-title":"Development of quantitative detection methods for four alzheimers disease specific biomarker panels using electrochemical immunosensors based on enzyme immunoassay","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120700","article-title":"Biosensors on the road to early diagnostic and surveillance of alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"211","author":"Carneiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.131288","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based multiplex biosensor utilising dual dielectrophoretic forces for clinical diagnosis of alzheimers disease","volume":"355","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112238","article-title":"Electrochemical immunosensor for tau protein determination in plasma and brain tissues from AD patients","volume":"163","author":"Razzino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2020","article-title":"The complexity of alzheimers disease: an evolving puzzle","volume":"101","author":"Ferrari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00430-x","article-title":"Moving fluid biomarkers for alzheimers disease from research tools to routine clinical diagnostics","volume":"16","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bionps.2019.100005","article-title":"Diagnostic biomarkers of alzheimers disease: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"1","author":"Khoury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomark Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.117842","article-title":"New approach for early and specific alzheimer disease diagnosis from different plasma biomarkers","volume":"556","author":"Forte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117235","article-title":"Integration of aged brain multi-omics reveals cross-system mechanisms underlying Alzheimer\u2019s disease heterogeneity","volume":"45","author":"Scheidemantel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2026.150167","article-title":"Multi-biofluid metabolomics coupled with gene network reveals stage-specific alterations in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease in an ethnically mixed cohort","volume":"1874","author":"Cadaxo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12468","article-title":"Integrative metabolomics-genomics approach reveals key metabolic pathways and regulators of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Horgusluoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz384","article-title":"A multiomics approach to heterogeneity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: focused review and roadmap","volume":"143","author":"Badhwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22211","article-title":"Integrated analysis of genomics, longitudinal metabolomics, and alzheimer\u2019s risk factors among 1,111 cohort participants","volume":"43","author":"Darst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4761054","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4761054","article-title":"Biomarkers for alzheimers disease in saliva: a systematic review","volume":"2019","author":"Gleerup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713429","article-title":"Tear biomarkers and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Kastelan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-108","article-title":"Saliva levels of abeta1-42 as potential biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Bermejo-Pareja","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160748","article-title":"A method for diagnosing Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on salivary amyloid-\u03b2 protein 42 levels","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110731","article-title":"Salivary tau species are potential biomarkers of alzheimers disease","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2017.04.002","article-title":"Early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer\u2019s disease based on salivary lactoferrin","volume":"8","author":"Carro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement Amst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205015666181022094924","article-title":"Current state of saliva biomarkers for aging and alzheimers disease","volume":"16","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231710123","article-title":"Tear biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: implications for diagnosis (systematic review)","volume":"23","author":"Krol-Grzymala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10030114","article-title":"Biomarkers for alzheimers disease early diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Aus\u00f3","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01993-x","article-title":"Association of tear fluid amyloid and tau levels with disease severity and neurodegeneration","volume":"11","author":"Gijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180261","article-title":"Urine-based biomarkers for alzheimers disease identified through coupling computational and experimental methods","volume":"65","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0445","article-title":"Correlation between urine formaldehyde and cognitive abilities in the clinical spectrum of alzheimers disease","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1046066","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of urinary formic acid as a new potential biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000509561","article-title":"Urinary apolipoprotein c3 is a potential biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00443-6","article-title":"Wearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis: a review","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0465","article-title":"Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease clinical trials: 2025","volume":"12","author":"Osse","year":"2026","journal-title":"Alzheimers. Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.23","article-title":"Diagnosis of early alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical practice in 2021","volume":"8","author":"Porsteinsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prev Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00835-z","article-title":"Plasma p-tau217 and tau-PET predict future cognitive decline among cognitively unimpaired individuals: implications for clinical trials","volume":"5","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00904-3","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of plasma tau biomarkers for detecting and monitoring Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a multicenter and multiethnic aging population","volume":"5","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Aging."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-026-01997-7","article-title":"Prospective study on clinical utility of plasma p-Tau217 and other biomarkers in Japanese memory clinics using the LUMIPULSE platform","volume":"18","author":"Ishiguro","year":"2026","journal-title":"Alzheimers. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000214441","article-title":"Evaluating plasma p-tau217 as an endpoint for Alzheimer disease clinical trials","volume":"106","author":"Ferreira","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70426","article-title":"Evaluation of plasma p-tau217 for detecting amyloid pathology in a heterogeneous community-based cohort","volume":"21","author":"Rudolph","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers. Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0500","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensor for early Alzheimer\u2019s detection and patient risk stratification using plasma exosomes","volume":"292","author":"Rossi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17715","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c03015","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas12a-mediated electrochemical aptasensor for simultaneous determination of Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in human blood","volume":"97","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8435","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c01816","article-title":"Low-cost polyphenol\u2013polypyrrole molecularly imprinted sensor for point-of-care Alzheimer\u2019s detection","volume":"10","author":"Arjun","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00977-5","article-title":"Acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests of amyloid pathology \u2014 recommendations from the global CEO initiative on alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Schindler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00403-3","article-title":"Blood biomarkers for alzheimer\u2019s disease in clinical practice and trials","volume":"3","author":"Hansson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Aging"}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126002287?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126002287?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:19:44Z","timestamp":1781511584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898126002287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S0009898126002287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bridging the gaps in Alzheimer's disease biomarker research: From multi-omics integration to point-of-care diagnostics, a comprehensive review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121046"}}