{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:32:04Z","timestamp":1786422724533,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T00:33:30Z","timestamp":1779582810000},"page":"121109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Harnessing exosomes for biomarker development and therapy in hepatitis virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"591","author":[{"given":"Kurbaniyazova Madina","family":"Zafarjanovna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alidjanova Lazizakhon","family":"Abbasovna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshov Hayot","family":"Muhammadovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismailov","family":"Uktam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurova","family":"Go'zal Ubaydullayevna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazarova Mokhira","family":"Azamatovna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazarova","family":"Nodira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenjayev","family":"Sardor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulkin Alimboevich","family":"Matkurbanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alibek Botirkul ogli","family":"Jabborov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibroximjon","family":"Xasanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suban","family":"Xusanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firuzjon Farkhodjonovich","family":"Muydinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-024-01158-8","article-title":"Emerging role of exosomes during the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.782485","article-title":"The role of exosomes in viral hepatitis and its associated liver diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01765-4","article-title":"Emerging role and therapeutic application of exosome in hepatitis virus infection and associated diseases","volume":"56","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547525","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1547525","article-title":"Exosome in HBV infection: current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0025","article-title":"Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.923300","article-title":"Plasma-derived exosomal sncRNA as a promising diagnostic biomarker for early detection of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G397","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00054.2021","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from different cell sources in liver diseases","volume":"322","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.028","article-title":"Exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of liver diseases","volume":"59","author":"Masyuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.11.001","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: novel mediator for cell to cell communications in liver pathogenesis","volume":"60","author":"Devhare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0050","article-title":"Exosomes serve as molecular diagnostic biomarkers and carriers for tissue engineering applications","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12404","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): from basic to advanced approaches","volume":"13","author":"Welsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810862","article-title":"Hepatitis viruses control host immune responses by modifying the exosomal biogenesis pathway and cargo","volume":"23","author":"Karamichali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02544-y","article-title":"Exosomes target HBV-host interactions to remodel the hepatic immune microenvironment","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.11.003","article-title":"Decoding the role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases","volume":"1","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2020.1716513","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus structural protein pX interacts with ALIX and promotes the secretion of virions and foreign proteins through exosome-like vesicles","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08344-w","article-title":"The hepatocyte traffic network in the human Hepatitis A virus biological cycle from an evolutionary perspective","volume":"8","author":"Carcereny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0085","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from hepatitis-D virus infected cells induce a proinflammatory cytokine response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages","volume":"2020","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matters"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.115631","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis a virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis E virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in North India: a hospital based study","volume":"31","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15054","article-title":"How to get away with liver innate immunity? A viruses\u2019 tale","volume":"41","author":"Delphin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1634758","article-title":"The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in viral transmission and immune evasion","volume":"16","author":"Saleem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01266-2","article-title":"Natural killer cells and their exosomes in viral infections and related therapeutic approaches: where are we?","volume":"21","author":"Razizadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-01747-5","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity of the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment determines the efficacy of immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506526","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1506526","article-title":"The role of immune regulation in HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61111930","article-title":"Exosomes in clinical laboratory: from biomarker discovery to diagnostic implementation","volume":"61","author":"Aljohani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc25052","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in liver disease: redefining diagnostic and therapeutic strategies","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Stem Cells."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2025.1702932","article-title":"Liquid biopsy in gastrointestinal oncology: clinical applications and translational integration of ctDNA, CTCs, and sEVs","volume":"19","author":"Palieri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-01941-9","article-title":"Exosomal microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-020-00353-w","article-title":"Exosomal miRNAs in hepatitis B virus related liver disease: a new hope for biomarker","volume":"12","author":"Bandopadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0170","article-title":"Five miRNAs identified in fucosylated extracellular vesicles as noninvasive diagnostic signatures for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20790","article-title":"Diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Sherman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0180","article-title":"The potential of serum exosomal hsa_circ_0028861 as the novel diagnostic biomarker of HBV-derived hepatocellular cancer","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81207-2","article-title":"Serum miRNA-101 expression signature as noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients","volume":"15","author":"Sharafeldin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman K, Khan H, Saeed N, Gohar M, Khan F, Khan M, et al. Serum microrna let-7b as a potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Bull Biol Allied Sci Res. 2026;2026(1):119\u2013119, Bull. Biol. Allied Sci. Res.","DOI":"10.64013\/bbasr.v2026i1.119"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13272-4","article-title":"Differential proteomic analysis of plasma-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers for chronic HBV-related liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96581-4","article-title":"4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptides as potential biomarkers of liver disease progression in hepatitis B virus patients","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4603","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S423321","article-title":"Serum exosomal long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 predicts 3-month mortality in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0327","article-title":"Serum exosomal hnRNPH1 mRNA as a novel marker for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"56","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52060-0","article-title":"HBV-miR-3 is closely related to HBV replication and strongly predictive of HBeAg seroconversion in PegIFN-\u03b1 treated patients","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05787-3","article-title":"Cross-sectional study on the diagnostic significance of plasma exosomal miRNAs in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58233-x","article-title":"RNA profiling analysis of the serum exosomes derived from patients with chronic hepatitis and acute-on-chronic liver failure caused by HBV","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2015.68","article-title":"Serum exosomal microRNAs as novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Sohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221899110","article-title":"Exosome-mediated transmission of hepatitis C virus between human hepatoma Huh7. 5 cells","volume":"110","author":"Ramakrishnaiah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-13332-0","article-title":"Identification and evaluation of plasma exosome RNA biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using RNA-seq","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1641405","article-title":"The diagnostic potential of extracellular vesicles in virus-related diseases","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044832","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1044832","article-title":"Dual roles and potential applications of exosomes in HCV infections","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00217","article-title":"Potential use of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and in targeted drug delivery: progress in clinical and preclinical applications","volume":"7","author":"Huda","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.02.025","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of RNA-enriched extracellular vesicles: the next generation in RNA delivery via biogenic nanoparticles","volume":"32","author":"Muskan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02259-6","article-title":"Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17101336","article-title":"Exosome-based drug delivery: a next-generation platform for cancer, infection, neurological and immunological diseases, gene therapy and regenerative medicine","volume":"17","author":"Serrano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113542","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: antiviral functions and applications in therapeutics and vaccines","volume":"28","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12101416","article-title":"Current strategies for exosome cargo loading and targeting delivery","volume":"12","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0285","first-page":"583242","article-title":"Engineering the future: strategic advances in extracellular vesicle-mediated drug delivery systems","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202504351R","article-title":"Exosomes: from non-invasive detection to engineered targeted therapy","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0295","article-title":"Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jex2.111","article-title":"CRISPR delivery with extracellular vesicles: promises and challenges","volume":"2","author":"Berggreen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Extracell Biol."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp9435","article-title":"Exosome-mediated delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes for tissue-specific gene therapy of liver diseases","volume":"8","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2284286","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles for delivering functional Cas9\/gRNA to eliminate Hepatitis B virus cccDNA and integration","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16432","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12857","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicle-delivered CRISPR\/Cas9 for radiotherapy sensitization of glioblastoma","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2024.106024","article-title":"SiRNAs as antiviral drugs\u2013current status, therapeutic potential and challenges","volume":"232","author":"Chokwassanasakulkit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3899","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01815-x","article-title":"Preclinical testing of antiviral siRNA therapeutics delivered in lipid nanoparticles in animal models\u2013a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Idres","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"issue":"6478","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03525-0","article-title":"Combination therapy with dendritic cell loaded-exosomes supplemented with PD-1 inhibition at different time points have superior antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"72","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.24","article-title":"Exosomes mediate hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and NK-cell dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5174","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29215174","article-title":"Construction and evaluation of hepatic targeted drug delivery system with hydroxycamptothecin in stem cell-derived exosomes","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.09.012","article-title":"Presence of intact hepatitis B virions in exosomes","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004424","article-title":"Exosomes from hepatitis C infected patients transmit HCV infection and contain replication competent viral RNA in complex with Ago2-miR122-HSP90","volume":"10","author":"Bukong","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00335","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles including exosomes regulate innate immune responses to Hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Kouwaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v16060825","article-title":"Exosomes as conduits: facilitating Hepatitis B virus-independent Hepatitis D virus transmission and propagation in hepatocytes","volume":"16","author":"Khabir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28021","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00706","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles for clinical diagnostics: from bulk measurements to single-vesicle analysis","volume":"19","author":"Tran","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136333","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in chronic hepatobiliary diseases: an overview of their interplay","volume":"26","author":"Trifylli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12332","article-title":"First-in-human clinical trial of allogeneic, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles as a potential therapeutic for delayed wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2026.115051","article-title":"Utilizing large-scale produced exosomes in a hepatocellular carcinoma model as an antigen delivery system","volume":"10","author":"Kimiz-Gebologlu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70132","article-title":"Microfluidic devices for manufacture of therapeutic extracellular vesicles: advances and opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0395","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: from bulk detection to single-extracellular vesicle profiling and endoscopic liquid biopsy","author":"Shimamoto","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlb.2024.100163","article-title":"Standardized reporting of pre-analytical variables and quality control of plasma and serum to enhance rigor and reproducibility in liquid biopsy research","volume":"6","author":"Lucien","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Liq. Biopsy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2024.0093","article-title":"Standardized reporting of research on exosomes to ensure rigor and reproducibility","volume":"13","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0410","article-title":"The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041676","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles: from biogenesis, isolation and molecular characterization to addressing translational gaps and regulatory barriers","volume":"27","author":"Primorac","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/2168479018779373","article-title":"Expediting drug development: FDA\u2019S new regenerative medicine advanced therapy designation","volume":"53","author":"Vaggelas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Innov. Regul. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0430","first-page":"10","article-title":"Exosome-based liquid biopsy for rare and complex diseases","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0435","series-title":"Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Device Studies-Frequently Asked Questions","author":"Device IVD","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20230139","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20230139","article-title":"Unveiling the promise: exosomes as game-changers in anti-infective therapy","author":"Chavda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exploration"}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126002913?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126002913?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:22:32Z","timestamp":1786422152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898126002913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0009898126002913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Harnessing exosomes for biomarker development and therapy in hepatitis virus infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121109","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121109"}}