{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T21:12:41Z","timestamp":1788901961685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006209","name":"Radboudumc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:18:54Z","timestamp":1782861534000},"page":"121213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Performance of Free Light Chain reagents in the Dutch External Quality Assessment programme over the past 14 years"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"592","author":[{"given":"Moniek M.","family":"Bioch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrie M.","family":"de Kat Angelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke J.","family":"ten Haaken-Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc H.M.","family":"Thelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joannes F.M.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.8.1230","article-title":"Understanding and identifying monoclonal gammopathies","volume":"46","author":"Attaelmannan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"11 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.11.2154","article-title":"The monoclonal gammopathies","volume":"40","author":"Kyle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.60","article-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: IMWG consensus perspectives risk factors for progression and guidelines for monitoring and management","volume":"24","author":"Kyle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-1104","article-title":"An international multi-center serum protein electrophoresis accuracy and M-protein isotyping study. Part I: factors impacting limit of quantitation of serum protein electrophoresis","volume":"58","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-1105","article-title":"An international multi-center serum protein electrophoresis accuracy and M-protein isotyping study. Part II: limit of detection and follow-up of patients with small M-proteins","volume":"58","author":"Jacobs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.4.673","article-title":"Highly sensitive, automated immunoassay for immunoglobulin free light chains in serum and urine","volume":"47","author":"Bradwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.307","article-title":"International myeloma working group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders","volume":"23","author":"Dispenzieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0879","article-title":"Is accuracy of serum free light chain measurement achievable?","volume":"54","author":"Jacobs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.624","article-title":"N latex FLC - new monoclonal high-performance assays for the determination of free light chain kappa and lambda","volume":"49","author":"te Velthuis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0194","article-title":"Development of a rapid and quantitative lateral flow assay for the simultaneous measurement of serum kappa and lambda immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC): inception of a new near-patient FLC screening tool","volume":"55","author":"Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0339","article-title":"Evaluation of a new free light chain ELISA assay: bringing coherence with electrophoretic methods","volume":"56","author":"Jacobs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2023.2257306","article-title":"A review of clinical guidelines, laboratory recommendations and external quality assurance programs for monoclonal gammopathy testing","volume":"61","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-1810","article-title":"External quality assessment of M-protein diagnostics: a realistic impression of the accuracy and precision of M-protein quantification","volume":"59","author":"de Kat Angelino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0070","article-title":"Performance characteristics and limitations of the available assays for the detection and quantitation of monoclonal free light chains and new emerging methodologies","volume":"13","author":"Giles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibodies (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-1029","article-title":"Method comparison of three serum free light chain assays on the Roche Cobas 6000 c501 chemistry analyzer","volume":"60","author":"Augustijn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-0533","article-title":"Method comparison of four clinically available assays for serum free light chain analysis","volume":"58","author":"Fleming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2026.2615487","article-title":"Comparative analysis of three different serum-free light chain assays in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma","volume":"58","author":"Cui","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0050","article-title":"Clinical implication by differential analytical performances of serum free light chain quantitation analysis using fully automated analyzers","volume":"61","author":"Yun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.019","article-title":"Interlaboratory study of free monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain quantification","volume":"49","author":"Vavrova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2022.10.003","article-title":"Accuracy of determination of free light chains (kappa and lambda) in plasma and serum by Swedish laboratories as monitored by external quality assessment","volume":"111","author":"Rollborn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0970","article-title":"Expressing analytical performance from multi-sample evaluation in laboratory EQA","volume":"55","author":"Thelen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0864","article-title":"N latex FLC serum free light-chain assays in patients with renal impairment","volume":"52","author":"Jacobs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.05.001","article-title":"Laboratory testing for monoclonal gammopathies: focus on monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"51","author":"Willrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-09-568899","article-title":"Smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"125","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00366-3","article-title":"International myeloma working group risk stratification model for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM)","volume":"10","author":"Mateos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6","article-title":"International myeloma working group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0041-0","article-title":"Diagnostic thresholds for free light chains in multiple myeloma depend on the assay used","volume":"32","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.07.027","article-title":"Free light chain UV quantification compared with immunochemical measurement: how dimers and monomers may influence the results","volume":"510","author":"Caponi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.12.030","article-title":"FLC polymerization: another hurdle towards standardization of FLC measurements","volume":"515","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563214553808","article-title":"Polyclonal versus monoclonal immunoglobulin-free light chains quantification","volume":"52","author":"Di Noto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13790","article-title":"Comparative analysis of three serum-free light-chain detection systems in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma","volume":"44","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.06.003","article-title":"Reference intervals and diagnostic ranges for serum free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains vary by instrument platform: implications for classification of patient results in a multi-center study","volume":"58","author":"Cotten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2019.1670133","article-title":"Inter-assay variability in automated serum free light chain assays and their use in the clinical laboratory","volume":"57","author":"Caponi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaa093","article-title":"Free light chain assay drift: potential for misdiagnosis?","volume":"5","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm.2019.029330","article-title":"Serum free light chain assay: shift toward a higher kappa\/lambda ratio","volume":"5","author":"Rindlisbacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00751-0","article-title":"In response to: defining new reference intervals for serum free light chains in individuals with chronic kidney disease: results of the iStopMM study","volume":"12","author":"Minnema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126003955?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126003955?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:50:58Z","timestamp":1788900658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898126003955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0009898126003955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Performance of Free Light Chain reagents in the Dutch External Quality Assessment programme over the past 14 years","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121213","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121213"}}