{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:58:57Z","timestamp":1792083537147,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026JJ50266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026JJ50266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JJ81044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ81044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:24:24Z","timestamp":1788305064000},"page":"121308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["GDF15: A new biomarker in cardiovascular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"593","author":[{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0005","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of hypertension-induced cardiorenal disease, 1990\u20132021 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2023 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.003","article-title":"A heart-healthy and stroke-free world: using data to inform global action","volume":"82","author":"Mensah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00804-4","article-title":"Myocardial infarction redefined\u2014a consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology\/American College of Cardiology Committee for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction","volume":"36","author":"Antman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-024-10540-8","article-title":"Comprehensive quality analysis of conventional and novel biomarkers in diagnosing and predicting prognosis of coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure, a comprehensive literature review","volume":"17","author":"Abubakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.02.016","article-title":"Cardiac troponins and cardiovascular disease risk prediction: an individual-participant-data meta-analysis","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826e1058","article-title":"Third universal definition of myocardial infarction","volume":"126","author":"Thygesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14050503","article-title":"Clinical interpretation of serum troponin in the era of high-sensitivity testing","volume":"14","author":"Maayah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.51249\/hs.v4i05.2261","article-title":"Elevated troponin of non-coronary etiology a review","volume":"4","author":"Filho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0055","series-title":"Prevalence of Elevated Cardiac Troponin in Five Non-Cardiac Diseases","author":"Knudsen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.084194","article-title":"National academy of clinical biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines: clinical characteristics and utilization of biochemical markers in acute coronary syndromes","volume":"53","author":"Nacb Writing Group Members","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002195","article-title":"Predictive value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein for left ventricular remodelling and clinical outcome of hypertensive patients with mild-to-moderate aortic valve diseases","volume":"21","author":"Iida","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/AC.66.3.2114131","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"66","author":"Garcia-Valdecasas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3109\/17482941.2013.841947","article-title":"Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein may exclude acute myocardial infarction on admission to emergency department for chest pain","volume":"15","author":"Cappellini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acute Card. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0080","article-title":"Advances in research on biomarkers associated with acute myocardial infarction: a review","volume":"103","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164060","article-title":"NT-proBNP predicts cardiovascular death in the general population independent of left ventricular mass and function: insights from a large population-based study with long-term follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Dietl","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-024-03849-5","article-title":"Predictive value of NT-proBNP for major adverse cardiovascular events within a 6-month period in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"194","author":"Ozbaltan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031994","article-title":"Plasma natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09826-8","article-title":"High-level production of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, as a calibrant of heart failure diagnosis, in Escherichia coli","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.05.014","article-title":"NT-proBNP for risk prediction in heart failure: identification of optimal cutoffs across body mass index categories","volume":"9","author":"Vergaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia6010002","article-title":"NT-proBNP for heart failure screening in primary care in an eastern European country: what we know and proposed steps","volume":"6","author":"Teleanu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epidemiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00839-9","article-title":"The role of carbonic anhydrase III and autophagy in type 2 diabetes with cardio-cerebrovascular disease","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5680","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105680","article-title":"Cardiovascular biomarkers: lessons of the past and prospects for the future","volume":"23","author":"Omran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.310226","article-title":"Recent advances in the development of cardiovascular biomarkers","volume":"38","author":"Satoh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109860","article-title":"miR-652 protects rats from cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion oxidative stress injury by directly targeting NOX2","volume":"124","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2403081","article-title":"Role of the stress- and inflammation-induced cytokine GDF-15 in cardiovascular diseases: from basic research to clinical relevance","volume":"24","author":"Schwarz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15068","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 and N-terminal pro-BNP in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"12","author":"Otaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11514","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.21.11514","article-title":"MIC-1, a novel macrophage inhibitory cytokine, is a divergent member of the TGF-\u03b2 superfamily","volume":"94","author":"Bootcov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa007","article-title":"GDF15: a hormone conveying somatic distress to the brain","volume":"41","author":"Lockhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6999","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202556","article-title":"Integrative analysis of genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data identified molecular subtypes of esophageal carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X12666160111125304","article-title":"GDF 15 - a novel biomarker in the offing for heart failure","volume":"12","author":"George","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0165","article-title":"Growth\/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15): from biomarker to novel targetable immune checkpoint","volume":"11","author":"Wischhusen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol. Front."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00309-1","article-title":"Characterization of the rat, mouse, and human genes of growth\/differentiation factor-15\/macrophage inhibiting cytokine-1 (GDF-15\/MIC-1)","volume":"237","author":"B\u00f6ttner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00249-18","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 maturation requires proteolytic cleavage by PCSK3, \u22125, and \u22126","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.076828","article-title":"Circulating concentrations of growth-differentiation factor 15 in apparently healthy elderly individuals and patients with chronic heart failure as assessed by a new immunoradiometric sandwich assay","volume":"53","author":"Kempf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00529-7","article-title":"GDF15: emerging biology and therapeutic applications for obesity and cardiometabolic disease","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168889","article-title":"GDF15 and cardiac cells: current concepts and new insights","volume":"22","author":"Rochette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1182-7","article-title":"GDF-15 promotes angiogenesis through modulating p53\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway in hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01291-6","article-title":"Profile of gene expression regulated by induced p53: connection to the TGF-\u03b2 family","volume":"470","author":"Kannan","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.109","article-title":"PTGF-\u03b2, a type \u03b2 transforming growth factor (TGF-\u03b2) superfamily member, is a p53 target gene that inhibits tumor cell growth via TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway","volume":"97","author":"Tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4394","article-title":"GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and is required for the anti-obesity effects of the ligand","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010038","article-title":"GDF-15 inhibits ADP-induced human platelet aggregation through the GFRAL\/RET signaling complex","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-62","article-title":"GDF-15 is abundantly expressed in plexiform lesions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and affects proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Nickel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63880-5","article-title":"Growth\/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) expression in the heart after myocardial infarction and cardioprotective effect of pre-ischemic rGDF15 administration","volume":"14","author":"Dogon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24938","article-title":"SIRT1 protects against oxidative stress-induced endothelial progenitor cells apoptosis by inhibiting FOXO3a via FOXO3a ubiquitination and degradation","volume":"230","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102207","article-title":"Smad-dependent pathways in the infarcted and failing heart","volume":"64","author":"Humeres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12728","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 in adverse cardiac remodelling: from biomarker to causal player","volume":"7","author":"Wesseling","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7291.912","article-title":"The pathophysiology of hypertension","volume":"322","author":"Beevers","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043337","article-title":"Incorporation of biomarkers into risk assessment for allocation of antihypertensive medication according to the 2017 ACC\/AHA high blood pressure guideline: a pooled cohort analysis","volume":"140","author":"Pandey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0255","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: current concepts and clinical implications","volume":"8","author":"Gallo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","article-title":"Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond. Engl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214489","article-title":"Essential hypertension and oxidative stress: novel future perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Franco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","article-title":"2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension","volume":"45","author":"McEvoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000188408.49896.c5","article-title":"Preeclampsia: recent insights","volume":"46","author":"Roberts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.\u202f: 1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020302","article-title":"Circulating growth differentiation factor 15 is increased preceding preeclampsia diagnosis: implications as a disease biomarker","author":"Cruickshank","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1500882","article-title":"Circulating growth differentiation factor-15 concentration and hypertension risk: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FSO406","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2019-0029","article-title":"Relationship of growth differentiation factor-15 with aortic stiffness in essential hypertension","volume":"5","author":"S\u00f6kmen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.007","article-title":"The Opa1-dependent mitochondrial cristae remodeling pathway controls atrophic, apoptotic, and ischemic tissue damage","volume":"21","author":"Varanita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2017.03.006","article-title":"Molecular regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac disease","volume":"1864","author":"Nan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000238RRR","article-title":"Protective role of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 in hypertension","volume":"35","author":"Robert","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H709","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00543.2012","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 impairs aortic contractile and relaxing function through altered caveolar signaling of the endothelium","volume":"304","author":"Mazagova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/011573403X332671241121063641","article-title":"Molecular and functional significance of growth differentiation factor-15: a review on cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic biomarker","volume":"21","author":"Tiwari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2018.07.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1, contributes to the promotion of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in Dahl-salt sensitive rats","volume":"121","author":"Hasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64035-4","article-title":"Macrophage ferroptosis potentiates GCN2 deficiency induced pulmonary venous arterialization","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00198-1","article-title":"Targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis - from experimental insights to the clinic","volume":"20","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.951242","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of atherosclerotic plaques reveals crucial genes and molecular mechanisms associated with plaque progression and rupture","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012826","article-title":"Roles of growth differentiation factor 15 in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.149179","article-title":"Vascular adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Galkina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.009","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 regulates oxLDL-induced lipid homeostasis and autophagy in human macrophages","volume":"281","author":"Ackermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042104","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 isoforms and GDF-15 in the development and progression of atherosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Liuiz\u0117 (Abramavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117)","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100370","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 deficiency protects against atherosclerosis by attenuating CCR2-mediated macrophage chemotaxis","volume":"208","author":"de Jager","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092346","article-title":"GDF-15 deficiency reduces autophagic activity in human macrophages in vitro and decreases p62-accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions in mice","volume":"10","author":"Heduschke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.002550","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 deficiency inhibits atherosclerosis progression by regulating interleukin-6\u2013dependent inflammatory response to vascular injury","volume":"1","author":"Bonaterra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0375","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revisiting the role of GDF15 in atherosclerosis in mouse and human","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.065","article-title":"Mouse thermoregulation: introducing the concept of the thermoneutral point","volume":"31","author":"\u0160kop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.323360","article-title":"Fibroblast Smad7 induction protects the remodeling pressure-overloaded heart","volume":"135","author":"Humeres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.11.052","article-title":"A multi-biomarker risk score improves prediction of long-term mortality in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"168","author":"Richter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-012-0113-9","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 in heart failure: an update","volume":"9","author":"Wollert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125713","article-title":"Disease-specific novel role of growth differentiation factor 15 in organ fibrosis","volume":"26","author":"Sawant","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2010.510580","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 in different stages of heart failure: potential screening implications","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116224","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle mediated targeting delivery of growth differentiation factor-15 improves myocardial repair by reprogramming macrophages post myocardial injury","volume":"172","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176894","article-title":"GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1\/GPX4 signaling pathway","volume":"982","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26857","DOI":"10.31083\/FBL26857","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 inhibits cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"30","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. Landmark"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae214","article-title":"GDF15 antagonism limits severe heart failure and prevents cardiac cachexia","volume":"120","author":"Takaoka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.20233411S1504b","article-title":"GDF-15 and NETosis cross-talk in diabetes-induced renal and cardiovascular complications: unraveling the molecular interactions: FR-PO365","volume":"34","author":"Slika","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0435","author":"Jomaa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121593","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker for risk stratification in the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit","volume":"14","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3078","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 and the effect of empagliflozin in heart failure: findings from the EMPEROR program","volume":"26","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000137","article-title":"Pathophysiology and new advances in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Bousseau","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044147","article-title":"Novel molecular mechanisms involved in the medical treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"24","author":"Martin de Miguel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01064-4","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13071773","article-title":"State of the art in pulmonary arterial hypertension: molecular basis, imaging modalities, and right heart failure treatment","volume":"13","author":"Shafeghat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484211006531","article-title":"Combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeting the nitric oxide and prostacyclin pathways","volume":"26","author":"Mandras","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad121","article-title":"Sotatercept as a next-generation therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the STELLAR trial","volume":"119","author":"Kope\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1085122","article-title":"Correlation between serum GDF-15 level and pulmonary vascular morphological changes and prognosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Maimaiti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211440","article-title":"Growth\/differentiation factor 15 causes TGF\u03b2-activated kinase 1-dependent muscle atrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"74","author":"Garfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.03.014","article-title":"Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 stimulates proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by up-regulating cyclins D1 and E through the PI3K\/akt-, ERK-, and JNK-dependent AP-1 and E2F activation signaling pathways","volume":"24","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0239-5","article-title":"Endothelial responses to shear stress in atherosclerosis: a novel role for developmental genes","volume":"17","author":"Souilhol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0500","article-title":"Adaptive induction of growth differentiation factor 15 attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis in response to high glucose stimulus","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2025.100931","article-title":"Premorbid predictors of death at initial presentation of coronary heart disease in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative study","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073933","article-title":"Optimal management of patients with severe coronary artery disease following multidisciplinary heart team approach\u2014insights from tertiary cardiovascular care center","volume":"19","author":"Jonik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029870","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes: the way forward from mechanisms to precision treatment","volume":"136","author":"Crea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-025-01927-x","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to managing medicines at home post-myocardial infarction: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"47","author":"El-Komy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0525","article-title":"Prognostic value of growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv491","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 level predicts major bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes: results from the PLATO study","volume":"37","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005580","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 at 1 month after an acute coronary syndrome is associated with increased risk of major bleeding","volume":"6","author":"Lindholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12100","article-title":"GDF-15 prevents platelet integrin activation and thrombus formation","volume":"11","author":"Rossaint","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041627","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 is associated with platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Mutschlechner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-1253","article-title":"Temporal biomarker concentration patterns during the early course of acute coronary syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Eggers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2354","article-title":"GDF-15 is an inhibitor of leukocyte integrin activation required for survival after myocardial infarction in mice","volume":"17","author":"Kempf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0560","first-page":"617","article-title":"GDF15 restrains myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting GPX4 mediated ferroptosis","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03144-8","article-title":"GDF15 attenuates myocardial infarction-induced injury by preserving mitochondrial function and suppressing oxidative stress","volume":"30","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9398401","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 may predict mortality of peripheral and coronary artery diseases and correlate with their risk factors","volume":"2017","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061572","article-title":"Serum concentration of growth differentiation factor 15 and atherosclerosis among general older Japanese individuals with normal weight","volume":"11","author":"Shimizu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.081","article-title":"Taming immune and inflammatory responses to treat atherosclerosis","volume":"71","author":"Libby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13195","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 protects against the aging-mediated systemic inflammatory response in humans and mice","volume":"19","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.64515","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 and clinical outcomes in lower extremity artery disease","volume":"31","author":"Shikama","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.630818","article-title":"A meta-analysis of growth differentiation factor-15 and prognosis in chronic heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1068856","article-title":"Candidate biomarkers in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"20","author":"Sinning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01944-6","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts poor prognosis in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and anemia: results from RED-HF","volume":"111","author":"Ueland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-23-0088","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 and clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with heart failure","volume":"87","author":"Otaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026003","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 predicts mortality and heart failure exacerbation but not ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Binder","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2023-322857","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with or at risk of heart failure but before first hospitalisation","author":"Bradley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14807","article-title":"Prognostic value of growth differentiation factor-15 in heart failure among whole ejection fraction phenotypes","volume":"11","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0630","first-page":"227","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and its association with circulating biomarkers in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Tung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/62797","article-title":"Prognostication in different heart failure phenotypes: the role of circulating biomarkers","volume":"5","author":"Berezin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Circ. Biomark."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5936","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195936","article-title":"Combined use of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP for outcome prediction in patients with acute heart failure","volume":"13","author":"P\u0142onka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1575","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and efficacy of rapid optimization, helped by NT-proBNP and GDF-15, of heart failure therapies (STRONG-HF): rationale and design for a multicentre, randomized, parallel-group study","volume":"21","author":"Kimmoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0302","article-title":"Increased expression of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","volume":"139","author":"Meadows","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12195","article-title":"The diagnostic and prognostic value of growth differentiation factor-15 in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S429334","article-title":"Predictive value of GDF-15 and sST2 for pulmonary hypertension in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"18","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.03.004","article-title":"Analysis of novel cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH)","volume":"29","author":"Mirna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0670","series-title":"Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as Candidate Predictor for Mortality in Adults with Pulmonary Hypertension","author":"Geenen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894020962948","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 levels in the blood around the pulmonary artery is associated with hospitalization for heart failure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.986295","article-title":"Apelin-17 to diagnose idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a biomarker study","volume":"13","author":"Foris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10010022","article-title":"A story of PA\/BSA and biomarkers to diagnose pulmonary hypertension in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis\u2014the rise of IGF-BP2 and GDF-15","volume":"10","author":"Kletzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0690","article-title":"Biomarker concentrations and their temporal changes in patients with myocardial infarction and nonobstructive compared with obstructive coronary arteries: results from the PLATO trial","volume":"12","author":"Hjort","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2025.2515306","article-title":"The relationship between inflammatory factors and major adverse cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis coronary artery ectasia: a prospective, cohort study","volume":"80","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15101211","article-title":"Integrating the interleukins in the biomarker panel for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes: unraveling a multifaceted conundrum","volume":"15","author":"Timpau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04916-0","article-title":"Novel biomarker panel combined with imaging parameters for predicting cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-024-03019-5","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 predicts all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110926","article-title":"Limited incremental value of growth differentiation factor 15 in the initial evaluation of low and intermediate risk acute chest pain patients","volume":"137","author":"Karaji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-023-00610-4","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a new biomarker in heart failure management","volume":"20","author":"Sawalha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03802-5","article-title":"GDF-15: a novel biomarker of heart failure predicts short-term and long-term heart-failure rehospitalization and short-term mortality in patients with acute heart failure syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Kosum","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmae045","article-title":"Integrated biomarker profiling for enhanced heart failure management: a comprehensive study on the application of chemiluminescence detection of GDF-15 and multi-index models","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0735","first-page":"4781","article-title":"The transforming growth factor-\u03b2 superfamily cytokine macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 is present in high concentrations in the serum of pregnant women1","volume":"85","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201607110","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 is a myomitokine governing systemic energy homeostasis","volume":"216","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0745","article-title":"Hypoxia induces growth differentiation factor 15 to promote the metastasis of colorectal cancer via PERK-eIF2\u03b1 signaling","volume":"2020","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0705","article-title":"Acute activation of GFRAL in the area postrema contributes to glucose regulation independent of weight","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0135","article-title":"Reference ranges for GDF-15, and risk factors associated with GDF-15, in a large general population cohort","volume":"60","author":"Welsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0760","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15, a novel systemic biomarker of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular aging: potential role in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"9","author":"di Candia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Heart Hournal. Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16010016","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 as an emerging biomarker in cardiology: diagnostic and prognostic implications","volume":"16","author":"Lombardi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133167","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15: a biomarker to guide empagliflozin treatment in acute myocardial infarction?","volume":"429","author":"Peir\u00f3","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126004900?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126004900?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:26:26Z","timestamp":1792081586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898126004900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":154,"alternative-id":["S0009898126004900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"GDF15: A new biomarker in cardiovascular diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121308","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121308"}}