{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:53:56Z","timestamp":1791082436920,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JCLZJC00570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JCLZJC00570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82230113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:32:34Z","timestamp":1790033554000},"page":"121353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biofluid iodine concentrations are associated with mild cognitive impairment: The potential mediating role of thyroid hormones"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"594","author":[{"given":"Zijian","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meina","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingli","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth N.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70176","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: treatment challenges for the future","volume":"169","author":"Hardy","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"7715","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-05717-6","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"559","author":"Hodson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00397-x","article-title":"The interaction between ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: insights from the hallmarks of ageing","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e661","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30185-7","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852918001347","article-title":"State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI)","volume":"24","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2025.219","article-title":"Spatial distribution and clustering patterns of cognitive impairment among the older population - 31 PLADs, China, 2024","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114080","article-title":"Nutrition, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors in the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia","volume":"13","author":"Dominguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30338-7","article-title":"Nutrition and prevention of cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Scarmeas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-00983-z","article-title":"Thyroid function and iodine intake: global recommendations and relevant dietary trends","volume":"20","author":"Bath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0011","article-title":"Iodine deficiency","volume":"30","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17122016","article-title":"Effect of iodine nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on child cognitive outcomes: a review","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2024.0120","article-title":"Mapping thyroid hormone action in the human brain","volume":"34","author":"Salas-Lucia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2024.07.013","article-title":"Thyroid function and cognitive decline: a narrative review","volume":"30","author":"Sinha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.181974","article-title":"Biomarkers of nutrition for development--iodine review","volume":"144","author":"Rohner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00528.x","article-title":"Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future","volume":"70","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.144071","article-title":"Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women","volume":"141","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13421","article-title":"The application of serum iodine in assessing individual iodine status","volume":"87","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvag084","article-title":"Scalp hair and serum iodine as potential biomarkers for iodine intake and their association with the thyroid function","volume":"10","author":"Fuse","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.04.023","article-title":"Exploring salivary iodine concentration as a biomarker for iodine status and thyroid nodules in females from different water iodine areas: a cross-sectional study","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0301","article-title":"The characteristics of iodine nutrition status in China after 20 years of universal salt iodization: an epidemiology study covering 31 provinces","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70906","article-title":"Association of urinary iodine concentration with cognitive function among older adults: NHANES 2011-2014","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-023-1997-7","article-title":"Association between iodized salt intake and cognitive function in older adults in China","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082520","article-title":"Reflection of dietary iodine in the 24 h urinary iodine concentration, serum iodine and thyroglobulin as biomarkers of iodine status: a pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Hlucny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004826","article-title":"Practice guideline update summary: mild cognitive impairment [RETIRED]: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of neurology","volume":"90","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1530-8","article-title":"Iodine nutrition and thyroid function in pregnant women exposed to different iodine sources","volume":"190","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v67.9517","article-title":"Iodine concentration in tap water, mineral water, and coffee","volume":"67","author":"Carlsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.027","article-title":"Saliva collection methods and storage conditions affect salivary iodine concentration: recommendations for optimal saliva sampling and storage","volume":"155","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2008.02.003","article-title":"Determination of urinary iodine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","volume":"22","author":"Macours","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2018.1512150","article-title":"Validation of a simple inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for detecting urine and serum iodine and evaluation of iodine status of pregnant women in Beijing","volume":"78","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab303","article-title":"Use of salivary iodine concentrations to estimate the iodine status of adults in clinical practice","volume":"151","author":"Dekker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy325","article-title":"Serum iodine is correlated with iodine intake and thyroid function in school-age children from a sufficient-to-excessive iodine intake area","volume":"149","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa471","article-title":"Saliva iodine concentration in children and its association with iodine status and thyroid function","volume":"105","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/32.3.446","article-title":"Automated determination of urinary creatinine without sample dilution: theory and practice","volume":"32","author":"Kroll","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0170","article-title":"Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones is positively associated to metabolic syndrome severity in euthyroid Chinese adults as revealed by a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160119","article-title":"Mini-mental state examination in elderly Chinese: a population-based normative study","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.742859","article-title":"EURRECA-estimating iodine requirements for deriving dietary reference values","volume":"53","author":"Risti\u0107-Medi\u0107","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.922042","article-title":"Iodine deficiency and the brain: effects and mechanisms","volume":"56","author":"Redman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1476086","article-title":"Association between thyroid hormones and cognitive functioning in euthyroid elderly adults: a cross-sectional preliminary study from the NHANES 2011-2012 survey","volume":"15","author":"Xv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0195","article-title":"Iodine and thyroid dysfunction in ageing: nutritional, pharmacologic, and microbial modifiers in older adults","volume":"11","author":"Zugravu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35042-6","article-title":"Deficiency and excess of groundwater iodine and their health associations","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-1009-8","article-title":"Iodine nutritional status in the adult population of Shandong Province (China) prior to salt reduction program","volume":"55","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0094","article-title":"Estimation of iodine intake from various urinary iodine measurements in population studies","volume":"19","author":"Vejbjerg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0404","article-title":"Comparison of population iodine estimates from 24-hour urine and timed-spot urine samples","volume":"24","author":"Perrine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ21-0479","article-title":"Iodine intake in healthy Japanese aged from 6 to 70 years residing in the same district","volume":"69","author":"Fuse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353_bb0225","first-page":"16","article-title":"Iodine status not associated with cognitive functioning in older Australians","volume":"4","author":"Buchanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Aging Res. Clin. Pract."}],"container-title":["Clinica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126005358?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009898126005358?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:32:48Z","timestamp":1791081168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009898126005358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0009898126005358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-8981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-8981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biofluid iodine concentrations are associated with mild cognitive impairment: The potential mediating role of thyroid hormones","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2026.121353","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121353"}}