{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T13:25:07Z","timestamp":1773062707963,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mdconsult.com","theclinics.com","criticalcare.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T10:00:16Z","timestamp":1404295216000},"page":"341-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Acute Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Akram W.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandan M.","family":"Devireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.662114","article-title":"Indications for poor prognosis in setting of acute pericarditis","volume":"115","author":"Imazio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib2","series-title":"Heart disease, a textbook of cardiovascular medicine","author":"Braunwald","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib3","first-page":"357","article-title":"Pericardial rub. A prospective multiple observer investigation of pericardial friction in 100 patients","volume":"35","author":"Spokick","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib4","series-title":"The pericardium: a comprehensive textbook","author":"Spodick","year":"1997"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib5","first-page":"559","article-title":"Venothromboembolism in adult hospitalizations","volume":"308","author":"Yusuf","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(67)90102-0","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism: II","volume":"74","author":"Soloff","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.08.013","article-title":"Safety of transesophageal echocardiolgraphy","volume":"23","author":"Hilberath","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-010-0401-x","article-title":"The prevalence of the cardiac origin of chest pain: the experience of a rural area of southeast Italy","volume":"5","author":"Cilia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182456d46","article-title":"Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics-2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"125","author":"Roger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2002.3193","article-title":"A prospective survey of the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes in Europe and the Mediterranean basin; the Euro Heart Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Euro Heart Survey ACS)","volume":"23","author":"Hasdai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826e1058","article-title":"Third universal definition of myocardial infarction","volume":"126","author":"Thygesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis- an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9054","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11189-2","article-title":"Tissue-factor antigen and activity in in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"349","author":"Ardissino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00804-4","article-title":"Myocardial infarction redefined\u2013a consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology\/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction","volume":"36","author":"Alpert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.026","article-title":"Diseased skeletal muscle: a noncardiac source of increased circulating concentrations of cardiac troponin T","volume":"58","author":"Jaffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0B013E318164E2E4","article-title":"Elevated cardiac troponin is an independent risk factor for short- and long-term mortality in medical intensive care unit patients","volume":"36","author":"Babuin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00421-2","article-title":"Troponin as a risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients without acute coronary syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Ammann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70398-4","article-title":"Natural disaster plus wake up time: a deadly combination of triggers","volume":"137","author":"Kloner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90772-2","article-title":"Triggers, acute risk factors and vulnerable plaques","volume":"23","author":"Muller","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000004","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000004","article-title":"Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients hospitalized for noncardiac conditions","volume":"2","author":"Dai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.05.014","article-title":"The diagnostic and prognostic impact of the redefinition of acute myocardial infarction: lessons from the GRACE registry","volume":"151","author":"Goodman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.059550","article-title":"Assessing the requirement for the 6-hour interval between specimens in the American Heart Association Classification of Myocardial Infarction in Epidemiology and Clinical Research Studies","volume":"5","author":"Macrae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib23","series-title":"Beta-blockers and calcium antagonists. Management of acute myocardial infarction","first-page":"193","author":"Chamberlain","year":"1994"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.13.1711","article-title":"Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study","volume":"285","author":"Schwartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050522","article-title":"Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation","volume":"352","author":"Sabatine","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.08.034","volume":"155","author":"Gibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.06.004","article-title":"2012 ACCF\/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with unstable angina\/non\u2013ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2007 guideline and replacing the 2011 focused update)","volume":"60","author":"Jneid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706482","article-title":"Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"357","author":"Wiviott","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.047498","article-title":"Ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel by geographic region in the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial","volume":"124","author":"Mahaffey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805213382102","volume":"338","author":"PRISM-PLUS Study Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390704","article-title":"Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes: the PURSUIT Trial Investigators: platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa in unstable angina: receptor suppression using Integrilin therapy","volume":"339","author":"PURSUIT Trial Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9030","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)02514-7","article-title":"Impact of time to thrombolysis","volume":"348","author":"Boersma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib33","first-page":"2574","article-title":"2011 ACCF\/AHA\/SCAI guideline for percutaneous intervention: executive summary","volume":"124","author":"Bates","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.793745","article-title":"Comparison of primary percutaneous coronary intervention and fibrinolytic therapy in ST-segment-elevation-myocardial infarction: bayesian hierarchical meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"119","author":"Huynh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035071","article-title":"Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery","volume":"349","author":"Moses","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib36","series-title":"Braunwald\u2019s heart disease","first-page":"1178","author":"Cannon","year":"2012"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.21.2219","article-title":"Unstable angina: an etiologic approach to management","volume":"98","author":"Braunwald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00160-5","article-title":"The electrocardiogram predicts one-year outcome of patients with unstable angina and non\u2013Q wave myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI III Registry ECG Ancillary Study","volume":"30","author":"Cannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.053","article-title":"Ischemia detected on continuous electrocardiography following acute coronary syndrome: observations from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial","volume":"53","author":"Scirica","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.19.2405","article-title":"Ability of minor elevations of troponin I and T to predict benefit from an early invasive strategy in patients with unstable angina and non\u2013ST elevation myocardial infarction: results from a randomized trial","volume":"286","author":"Morrow","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.2.410","article-title":"Unstable angina: a classification","volume":"80","author":"Braunwald","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106213442501","article-title":"Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban","volume":"344","author":"Cannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.19.2345","article-title":"Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events","volume":"163","author":"Granger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.06.027","volume":"158","author":"Morrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart\u00a0J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.71","article-title":"Early invasive vs. conservative treatment strategies in women and men with unstable angina and non\u2013ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis","volume":"300","author":"O'Donoghue","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.06.050","article-title":"Benefit of early invasive therapy in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of contemporary randomized clinical trials","volume":"48","author":"Bavry","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.12.1593","article-title":"Evaluation of prolonged antithrombotic pretreatment (\u201ccooling-off\u201d strategy) before intervention in patients with unstable coronary syndromes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"290","author":"Neumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807986","article-title":"Early versus delayed invasive intervention in acute coronary syndromes","volume":"360","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191259","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics 2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee","volume":"119","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020228","article-title":"Ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"347","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib51","first-page":"e82","volume":"110","author":"Antman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182742c84","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of ST elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary","volume":"127","author":"O\u2019Gara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs215","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation","volume":"33","author":"Steg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00031-X","article-title":"Safety and cost-effectiveness of early discharge after primary angioplasty in low risk patients with acute myocardial infarction. PAMI-II Investigators. Primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction","volume":"31","author":"Grines","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318235eb4d","article-title":"AHA\/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation","volume":"124","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070414000293?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070414000293?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T09:31:20Z","timestamp":1649583080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749070414000293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749070414000293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0704","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute Myocardial Infarction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Care Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.03.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}