{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:38:32Z","timestamp":1788993512504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","criticalcare.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T04:46:18Z","timestamp":1757825178000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Physiology-Guided CPR"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Lindsay N.","family":"Shepard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"DeVivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Abella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan W.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001303","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American heart Association","volume":"151","author":"Martin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16_suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S366","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000916","article-title":"Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"142","author":"Panchal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16_suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S469","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000901","article-title":"Part 4: pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"142","author":"Topjian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076019","article-title":"Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and outcomes for adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest: retrospective cohort study","volume":"384","author":"Okubo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.068732","article-title":"Race and sex differences in the association of bystander CPR for cardiac arrest","volume":"150","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31829d8654","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: [corrected] improving cardiac resuscitation outcomes both inside and outside the hospital: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"128","author":"Meaney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405796","article-title":"Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"372","author":"Hasselqvist-Ax","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.889576","article-title":"Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Sasson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110126","article-title":"Time to bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation by patient sex for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"196","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000041","article-title":"Quantifying the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality on cardiac arrest outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wallace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.07.013","article-title":"Compression depth measured by accelerometer vs. outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"167","author":"Nichol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.02.032","article-title":"The prevalence of chest compression leaning during in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"82","author":"Fried","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31823bc8bb","article-title":"What is the role of chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation?","volume":"40","author":"Stiell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.3.305","article-title":"Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"293","author":"Abella","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.3.299","article-title":"Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"293","author":"Wik","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d512","article-title":"Effect of real-time feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside hospital: prospective, cluster-randomised trial","volume":"342","author":"Hostler","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-5029(97)90026-2","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a promise as yet largely unfulfilled","volume":"43","author":"Weil","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(88)90111-6","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion pressure: a predictor of 24-hour survival during prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs","volume":"16","author":"Kern","year":"1988","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198410000-00007","article-title":"Prognostic and therapeutic importance of the aortic diastolic pressure in resuscitation from cardiac arrest","volume":"12","author":"Sanders","year":"1984","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.02.023","article-title":"Microvascular blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is predictive of outcome","volume":"71","author":"Fries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.10.006","article-title":"Outcomes from low versus high-flow cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest","volume":"28","author":"Halperin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(99)00129-X","article-title":"The effects of epinephrine\/norepinephrine on end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration, coronary perfusion pressure and pulmonary arterial blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"43","author":"Lindberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.4.822","article-title":"Mechanisms by which epinephrine augments cerebral and myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs","volume":"69","author":"Michael","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04399-5","article-title":"The physiologic response to epinephrine and pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Morgan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.08.335","article-title":"American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality targets are associated with improved arterial blood pressure during pediatric cardiac arrest","volume":"84","author":"Sutton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12728","article-title":"Arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and central venous oxygen saturation in reflecting compression depth","volume":"60","author":"Ryu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440080084029","article-title":"Coronary perfusion pressure and the return of spontaneous circulation in human cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"263","author":"Paradis","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.10.019","article-title":"Association between haemodynamics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and patient outcomes","volume":"170","author":"Koyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110426","article-title":"The association between intra-arrest arterial blood pressure and return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"205","author":"Aziz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032270","article-title":"Association between diastolic blood pressure during pediatric In-Hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival","volume":"137","author":"Berg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005715","article-title":"Diastolic blood pressure threshold during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival outcomes: a multicenter validation study","volume":"51","author":"Berg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318298ad6b","article-title":"Hemodynamic directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves short-term survival from ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest","volume":"41","author":"Friess","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1343OC","article-title":"Patient-centric blood pressure-targeted cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival from cardiac arrest","volume":"190","author":"Sutton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1111","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001859","article-title":"Blood Pressure- and coronary perfusion pressure-targeted cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves 24-Hour survival from ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest","volume":"44","author":"Naim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.11.018","article-title":"A hemodynamic-directed approach to pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (HD-CPR) improves survival","volume":"111","author":"Morgan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003620","article-title":"Hemodynamic-directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves neurologic outcomes and mitochondrial function in the heart and brain","volume":"47","author":"Lautz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1738","article-title":"Effect of physiologic point-of-care cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on survival with favorable neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest in pediatric ICUs: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"327","author":"Sutton","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.06.018","article-title":"Physiologic monitoring of CPR quality during adult cardiac arrest: a propensity-matched cohort study","volume":"106","author":"Sutton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109807","article-title":"Clinician-reported physiologic monitoring of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: a propensity-weighted cohort study","volume":"188","author":"Kienzle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.05.002","article-title":"Arterial line in prehospital emergency settings - a feasibility study in four physician-staffed emergency medical systems","volume":"82","author":"Wildner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib41","first-page":"5","article-title":"Location of In-Hospital cardiac arrest in the United States-variability in event rate and outcomes","author":"Perman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31828cf0c0","article-title":"Ratio of PICU versus ward cardiopulmonary resuscitation events is increasing","volume":"41","author":"Berg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82517-X","article-title":"Multicenter study of a portable, hand-size, colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide detection device","volume":"21","author":"Ornato","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707313370503","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"337","author":"Levine","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81512-4","article-title":"Relationship between cardiac output and the end-tidal carbon dioxide tension","volume":"19","author":"Ornato","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198511000-00011","article-title":"Cardiac output and end-tidal carbon dioxide","volume":"13","author":"Weil","year":"1985","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198511000-00012","article-title":"End-tidal CO2 as a guide to successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Trevino","year":"1985","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.12.003","article-title":"The use of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) measurement to guide management of cardiac arrest: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Paiva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.07.011","article-title":"The prognostic value of end tidal carbon dioxide during cardiac arrest: a systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Touma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430100081033","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A prognostic indicator for survival","volume":"262","author":"Sanders","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.09.015","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) at intubation and its increase after 10 minutes resuscitation predicts survival with good neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients","volume":"181","author":"Baldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.19274","article-title":"Temporal trends in end-tidal capnography and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Nassal","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.01.026","article-title":"Quantitative relationship between end-tidal carbon dioxide and CPR quality during both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"89","author":"Sheak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066659","article-title":"Associations between end-tidal carbon dioxide during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality, and survival","volume":"149","author":"Morgan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390040128031","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"257","author":"Garnett","year":"1987","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803103181005","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"318","author":"Falk","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.04.064","article-title":"A sudden increase in partial pressure end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO(2)) at the moment of return of spontaneous circulation","volume":"38","author":"Pokorna","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.04.018","article-title":"Abrupt rise of end tidal carbon dioxide level was a specific but non-sensitive marker of return of spontaneous circulation in patient with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"104","author":"Lui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(96)90046-7","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide changes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation after experimental asphyxial cardiac arrest","volume":"14","author":"Bhende","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.10.001","article-title":"Increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide after defibrillation predicts sustained return of spontaneous circulation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"181","author":"Grabman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1111OC","article-title":"Intrathoracic airway closure impacts CO(2) signal and delivered ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"199","author":"Grieco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.07.015","article-title":"Investigating the airway opening index during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"178","author":"Bhandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000450","article-title":"Efficacy of chest compressions directed by end-tidal CO2 feedback in a pediatric resuscitation model of basic life support","volume":"3","author":"Hamrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e575","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001299","article-title":"End-tidal CO2-Guided chest compression delivery improves survival in a neonatal asphyxial cardiac arrest model","volume":"18","author":"Hamrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199203000-00008","article-title":"Effect of epinephrine on the ability of end-tidal carbon dioxide readings to predict initial resuscitation from cardiac arrest","volume":"20","author":"Callaham","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.5.2101","article-title":"Pulmonary ventilation\/perfusion defects induced by epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"84","author":"Tang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199612000-00017","article-title":"Effects of buffer agents on postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.027","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide after sodium bicarbonate infusion during mechanical ventilation or ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"76","author":"Roh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.3.418","article-title":"Near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"82","author":"Owen-Reece","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X18811962","article-title":"Modern technology-derived normative values for cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in adults","volume":"47","author":"Eyeington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.110","article-title":"Cerebral and somatic near-infrared spectroscopy in normal newborns","volume":"45","author":"Bernal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02632-7","article-title":"Cerebral oxygen saturation before congenital heart surgery","volume":"72","author":"Kurth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.01.039","article-title":"A feasibility study evaluating the role of cerebral oximetry in predicting return of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest","volume":"83","author":"Parnia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2004.05.003","article-title":"Cerebral oximetry in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: standard CPR rarely provides detectable hemoglobin-oxygen saturation to the frontal cortex","volume":"63","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000047","article-title":"A feasibility study of cerebral oximetry during in-hospital mechanical and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"42","author":"Parnia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resplu.2022.100343","article-title":"Association between regional cerebral oxygen saturation and outcome of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study","volume":"13","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resusc Plus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2018-207533","article-title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: can the initial cerebral tissue oxygenation index predict ROSC?","volume":"36","author":"Tsukuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234979","article-title":"Association between cerebral oximetry and return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.12.002","article-title":"Cerebral regional oxygen saturation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Sanfilippo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.02.012","article-title":"Noninvasive regional cerebral oxygen saturation for neurological prognostication of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective multicenter observational study","volume":"85","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001723","article-title":"Cerebral oximetry during cardiac arrest: a multicenter study of neurologic outcomes and survival","volume":"44","author":"Parnia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.08.046","article-title":"Cerebral oximetry versus end tidal CO(2) in predicting ROSC after cardiac arrest","volume":"36","author":"Singer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2017.06.004","article-title":"Cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients in the emergency settings: a small descriptive study","volume":"59","author":"Caglar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.03.014","article-title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pediatric cardiac arrest: a prospective, observational study. Article","volume":"174","author":"Francoeur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006186","article-title":"Cerebral oximetry during pediatric In-Hospital cardiac arrest: a multicenter study of survival and neurologic outcome","volume":"52","author":"Raymond","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01563-7","article-title":"Relationship between brain tissue oxygen and near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"37","author":"de Courson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01730-4","article-title":"Noninvasive neuromonitoring modalities in children part I: pupillometry, near-infrared spectroscopy, and transcranial doppler ultrasonography","volume":"40","author":"Lovett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-025-00418-4","article-title":"Assess, improve, detect, guide: a narrative review and proposal for a standardized protocol for prehospital transesophageal echocardiography during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"17","author":"Katzenschlager","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrasound J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.54.1.102","article-title":"Esophageal echocardiography","volume":"54","author":"Frazin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.07.013","article-title":"Focused echocardiographic evaluation in life support and peri-resuscitation of emergency patients: a prospective trial","volume":"81","author":"Breitkreutz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.09.018","article-title":"Emergency department point-of-care ultrasound in out-of-hospital and in-ED cardiac arrest","volume":"109","author":"Gaspari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.02.013","article-title":"Evaluation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using transesophageal echocardiography in the emergency department","volume":"137","author":"Teran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.01.006","article-title":"Diagnostic test accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound during cardiopulmonary resuscitation to indicate the etiology of cardiac arrest: a systematic review","volume":"172","author":"Reynolds","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2024.08.004","article-title":"Development and implementation of a multicenter registry for resuscitation-focused transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"85","author":"Teran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.06.033","article-title":"Cardiac arrest ultra-sound exam--a better approach to managing patients in primary non-arrhythmogenic cardiac arrest","volume":"76","author":"Hernandez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.01.051","article-title":"US-CAB protocol for ultrasonographic evaluation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: validation and potential impact","volume":"127","author":"Lien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-021-00248-0","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasound in cardiorespiratory arrest (POCUS-CA): narrative review article","volume":"13","author":"Avila-Reyes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003239","article-title":"A protocol for using point-of-care ultrasound as an adjunct in pediatric cardiac arrest: pediatric ultrasound for life-supporting efforts","volume":"40","author":"Leviter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.11.056","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasound use in patients with cardiac arrest is associated prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation pauses: a prospective cohort study","volume":"122","author":"Clattenburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.07.021","article-title":"Ultrasound use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is associated with delays in chest compressions","volume":"119","author":"Huis In \u2019t Veld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.09.018","article-title":"Focused transesophageal echocardiography by emergency physicians is feasible and clinically influential: observational results from a novel ultrasound program","volume":"50","author":"Arntfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191636","article-title":"The predictive value of bedside ultrasound to restore spontaneous circulation in patients with pulseless electrical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.03.027","article-title":"Is point-of-care ultrasound a reliable predictor of outcome during atraumatic, non-shockable cardiac arrest? A systematic review and meta-analysis from the SHoC investigators","volume":"139","author":"Lalande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110373","article-title":"Early point-of-care echocardiography as a predictive factor for absence of return of spontaneous circulatory in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a multicentre observational study","volume":"203","author":"Javaudin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006336","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation without aortic valve compression increases the chances of return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational cohort study","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00497.x","article-title":"Compression of the left ventricular outflow tract during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.02.027","article-title":"Association between left ventricular outflow tract opening and successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest","volume":"138","author":"Catena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.07.005","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided chest compressions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests","volume":"59","author":"Zanatta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001901","article-title":"Left ventricular compressions improve return of spontaneous circulation and hemodynamics in a swine model of traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest","volume":"85","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816c89e1","article-title":"Utility of the photoplethysmogram in circulatory monitoring","volume":"108","author":"Reisner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000269512.82836.c9","article-title":"Photoplethysmography: beyond the calculation of arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate","volume":"105","author":"Shelley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-020-00576-x","article-title":"Pulse rate as an alternative, real-time feedback indicator for chest compression rate: a porcine model of cardiac arrest","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139707","article-title":"Pulse oximetry: a non-invasive, novel marker for the quality of chest compressions in porcine models of cardiac arrest","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.07.019","article-title":"Detection of a spontaneous pulse in photoplethysmograms during automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model","volume":"84","author":"Wijshoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-018-0230-4","article-title":"Identification of return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation via pulse oximetry in a porcine animal cardiac arrest model","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108284","article-title":"Estimation of invasive coronary perfusion pressure using electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography in a porcine model of cardiac arrest","volume":"254","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Methods Progr Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.09.032","article-title":"Pulse oximetry waveform: a non-invasive physiological predictor for the return of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest patients ---- A multicenter, prospective observational study","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010989","article-title":"Amplitude spectrum area to guide defibrillation: a validation on 1617 patients with ventricular fibrillation","volume":"131","author":"Ristagno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.12.025","article-title":"Novel CPR system that predicts return of spontaneous circulation from amplitude spectral area before electric shock in ventricular fibrillation","volume":"113","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1336291","article-title":"Amplitude spectral area of ventricular fibrillation can discriminate survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"11","author":"Gentile","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003273","article-title":"Waveform analysis-guided treatment versus a standard shock-first protocol for the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presenting in ventricular fibrillation: results of an international randomized, controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Freese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104544","article-title":"Amplitude spectrum area of ventricular fibrillation to guide defibrillation: a small open-label, pseudo-randomized controlled multicenter trial","volume":"90","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006924","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation waveform analysis during chest compressions to predict survival from cardiac arrest","volume":"12","author":"Coult","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7166","article-title":"Estimating the amplitude spectrum area of ventricular fibrillation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation using only ECG waveform","volume":"9","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03386-6","article-title":"Amplitude spectral area of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation success at low energy in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"18","author":"Gentile","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.10.032","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO(2)) and ventricular fibrillation amplitude spectral area (AMSA) for shock outcome prediction in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Are they two sides of the same coin?","volume":"160","author":"Frigerio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.07.030","article-title":"Association of diastolic blood pressure with survival during paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"143","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resplu.2020.100050","article-title":"The physiologic response to rescue therapy with vasopressin versus epinephrine during experimental pediatric cardiac arrest","volume":"4","author":"Slovis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resusc Plus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199303000-00020","article-title":"Effects of graded doses of epinephrine on both noninvasive and invasive measures of myocardial perfusion and blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"21","author":"Chase","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/26.8.791","article-title":"Myocardial oxygen requirements during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"26","author":"Ditchey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000280427.76175.D2","article-title":"Effects of epinephrine and vasopressin on cerebral microcirculatory flows during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"35","author":"Ristagno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8224","article-title":"Bench-to-bedside review: vasopressin in the management of septic shock","volume":"15","author":"Russell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.1.215","article-title":"Vasopressin improves vital organ blood flow during closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs","volume":"91","author":"Lindner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070425000648?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070425000648?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T14:58:54Z","timestamp":1763737134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749070425000648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749070425000648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0704","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physiology-Guided CPR","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Care Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2025.08.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}