{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T21:02:45Z","timestamp":1780002165685,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,5,22]],"date-time":"2027-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1810944000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":325,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","criticalcare.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T12:29:08Z","timestamp":1771417748000},"page":"563-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recognizing and Managing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults in the Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Bita","family":"Shakoory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irini","family":"Sereti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2314005","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"392","author":"Henter","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13298","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a disorder of T cell activation, immune regulation, and distinctive immunopathology","volume":"322","author":"Jordan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224123","article-title":"The 2022 EULAR\/ACR points to consider at the early stages of diagnosis and management of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH\/MAS)","volume":"82","author":"Shakoory","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2025.02.007","article-title":"Recognizing and managing secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults: a practical clinical guide","volume":"39","author":"Zoref-Lorenz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.45","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock","volume":"2","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01766-7","article-title":"Immune dysregulation in sepsis: experiences, lessons and perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e561","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac717","article-title":"Severe mycobacterial IRIS in advanced HIV has features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and requires prolonged immune suppression","volume":"76","author":"Rocco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S886","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(25)02540-6","article-title":"TCL-1383: CXCL9 as a biomarker in adults with malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"25","author":"Krastein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911326","article-title":"Emapalumab in children with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"382","author":"Locatelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib10","article-title":"CXCL9 as a novel prognostic marker to identify high-risk adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","author":"Rocco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001402","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor blockade is associated with reduced mortality in sepsis patients with features of macrophage activation syndrome: reanalysis of a prior phase III trial","volume":"44","author":"Shakoory","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.13836","article-title":"Incidence and trends of sepsis in US hospitals using clinical vs claims data, 2009-2014","volume":"318","author":"Rhee","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10219","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17768","article-title":"A validation study of the identification of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in England using population-based health data","volume":"194","author":"Bishton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000127779.24232.15","article-title":"Multifactorial risk analysis of bone marrow histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis in critically ill medical patients--a postmortem clinicopathologic analysis","volume":"32","author":"Strauss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000239120.32490.AB","article-title":"Macrophage serum markers in pneumococcal bacteremia: prediction of survival by soluble CD163","volume":"34","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2006.00730.x","article-title":"Hemophagocytic macrophages constitute a major compartment of heme oxygenase expression in sepsis","volume":"77","author":"Schaer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039","article-title":"HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"48","author":"Henter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38690","article-title":"Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Fardet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39332","volume":"68","author":"Ravelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21423","article-title":"Highly elevated ferritin levels and the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"50","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2019.1221","article-title":"Extreme hyperferritinemia: etiological spectrum and impact on prognosis","volume":"71","author":"Belfeki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03139-4","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults: collaborative analysis of 137 cases of a nationwide German registry","volume":"146","author":"Birndt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy012","article-title":"Convergent pathways of the hyperferritinemic syndromes","volume":"30","author":"Schulert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.1141","article-title":"Hyperferritinemia as indicator for intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in reactive macrophage activation syndromes","volume":"68","author":"Emmenegger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00950-z","article-title":"Biomarkers for early diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill patients","volume":"41","author":"Debaugnies","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1737684","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis treated with the HLH-04 protocol: a retrospective analysis","volume":"61","author":"Bubik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2018.010903","article-title":"Upfront dilution of ferritin samples to reduce hook effect, improve turnaround time and reduce costs","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254345","article-title":"Influence of transfusions, hemodialysis and extracorporeal life support on hyperferritinemia in critically ill patients","volume":"16","author":"Knaak","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00136-8","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in the sepsis syndrome: role of hemophagocytosis and macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"103","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-1980","article-title":"Severe imbalance of IL-18\/IL-18BP in patients with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Mazodier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14185","article-title":"Value of hemophagocytosis in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill patients","volume":"112","author":"Nyvlt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251216","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in patients with severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"16","author":"Valade","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e522","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001684","article-title":"Hepatobiliary dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation increase risk of mortality in pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"19","author":"Goldman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001712","article-title":"Understanding disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatobiliary dysfunction multiple organ failure in hyperferritinemic critical illness","volume":"19","author":"Carcillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2018.14641","article-title":"Adult onset haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis prognosis is affected by underlying disease: analysis of a single-institution series of 174 patients","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00273-4","article-title":"Diagnosis and investigation of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults: 2023 hyperinflammation and HLH across speciality collaboration (HiHASC) consensus guideline","volume":"6","author":"Cox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005361","article-title":"Consensus-based guidelines for the recognition, diagnosis, and management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill children and adults","volume":"50","author":"Hines","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20065","article-title":"Multicenter validation of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis diagnostic criteria","volume":"297","author":"Lachmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02941-3","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill patients: diagnostic reliability of HLH-2004 criteria and HScore","volume":"24","author":"Knaak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27929","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: recommendations from the North American consortium for histiocytosis (NACHO)","volume":"66","author":"Jordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad059","article-title":"Mycobacterial-IRIS in advanced HIV is associated with protein-altering variants in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated genes","volume":"228","author":"Rocco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Disease"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38793","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing reveals overlap between macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"66","author":"Kaufman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv550","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing reveals mutations in genes linked to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome in fatal cases of H1N1 influenza","volume":"213","author":"Schulert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143719893865","article-title":"Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adult critical care","volume":"21","author":"Bauchmuller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.06.048","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: report on 500 patients from the Italian registry","volume":"137","author":"Cetica","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e912","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1024","article-title":"Hyperinflammatory syndromes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA vaccination in individuals with underlying immune dysregulation","volume":"75","author":"Rocco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2018894618","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults","volume":"133","author":"La Rosee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01902","article-title":"Epstein-barr virus and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"8","author":"Marsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1059133","article-title":"EBV-associated diseases: current therapeutics and emerging technologies","volume":"13","author":"Chakravorty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024144","article-title":"Inflammasome activation in patients with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated diseases","volume":"144","author":"Lage","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac514","article-title":"Polyfunctional antigen specific CD4+ T cell responses in patients with human immunodeficiency virus\/AIDS and histoplasmosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Manion","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00366-5","article-title":"Malignancy-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"9","author":"Setiadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012764","article-title":"An improved index for diagnosis and mortality prediction in malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"139","author":"Zoref-Lorenz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.03.006","article-title":"Immune effector cell associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome (IEC-HS)","volume":"29","author":"Hines","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.097394","article-title":"Hemophagocytic syndrome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing intensive chemotherapy","volume":"99","author":"Delavigne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011898","article-title":"Characterization of HLH-like manifestations as a CRS variant in patients receiving CD22 CAR T cells","volume":"138","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025016346","article-title":"Fatal recurrence of IEC-HS after autologous stem cell boost in patients receiving BCMA-CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"9","author":"Ananth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009499","article-title":"T-cell activation profiles distinguish hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and early sepsis","volume":"137","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-121432","article-title":"Type B lactic acidosis in adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"134","author":"Rajah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-020-03011-8","article-title":"Clinical features of 47 secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients complicated with capillary leak syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Man","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-788349","article-title":"Confirmed efficacy of etoposide and dexamethasone in HLH treatment: long-term results of the cooperative HLH-2004 study","volume":"130","author":"Bergsten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014005","article-title":"The OHI index predicts early mortality from organ dysfunction and survival benefit from etoposide in lymphoma patients","volume":"9","author":"Zoref-Lorenz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e630","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30156-5","article-title":"Ruxolitinib in adult patients with secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an open-label, single-centre, pilot trial","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014860","article-title":"A study of ruxolitinib response-based stratified treatment for pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"139","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223739","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of emapalumab in macrophage activation syndrome","volume":"82","author":"De Benedetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22774","article-title":"Rate of decline of ferritin in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a prognostic variable for mortality","volume":"56","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7258","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010546","article-title":"Early response markers predict survival after etoposide-based therapy of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"7","author":"Verkamp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209020","article-title":"Elevated circulating levels of interferon-\u03b3 and interferon-\u03b3-induced chemokines characterise patients with macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Bracaglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae391","article-title":"Current treatment in macrophage activation syndrome worldwide: a systematic literature review to inform the METAPHOR project","volume":"64","author":"Baldo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070426000011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070426000011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T20:14:13Z","timestamp":1779999253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749070426000011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749070426000011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0704","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Recognizing and Managing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults in the Intensive Care Unit","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Care Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.01.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}