{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T20:59:30Z","timestamp":1781816370477,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","criticalcare.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T20:47:30Z","timestamp":1781815650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-Sepsis Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Daphne","family":"Schouten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Joost","family":"Wiersinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonneke","family":"van Vught","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(25)00356-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis","volume":"13","author":"Gray","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2637","article-title":"Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000-2012","volume":"311","author":"Kaukonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-01004-6","article-title":"The immunology of sepsis: translating new insights into clinical practice","volume":"22","author":"Kox","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17687","article-title":"Enhancing recovery from sepsis: a review","volume":"319","author":"Prescott","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1410","article-title":"Readmission diagnoses after hospitalization for severe sepsis and other acute medical conditions","volume":"313","author":"Prescott","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae331","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae331","article-title":"Long-term mortality and hospital readmissions among survivors of sepsis in Sweden: a population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Inghammar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i2375","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2375","article-title":"Late mortality after sepsis: propensity-matched cohort study","volume":"353","author":"Prescott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05908-3","article-title":"Rate and risk factors for rehospitalisation in sepsis survivors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Shankar-Hari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04212-9","article-title":"One-year hospital readmission for recurrent sepsis: associated risk factors and impact on 1-year mortality-a French nationwide study","volume":"26","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1553","article-title":"Long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability among survivors of severe sepsis","volume":"304","author":"Iwashyna","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027813","article-title":"Cardiovascular events among survivors of sepsis hospitalization: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"12","author":"Jentzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.34290","article-title":"Epidemiology and costs of postsepsis morbidity, nursing care dependency, and mortality in Germany, 2013 to 2017","volume":"4","author":"Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-019-0132-z","article-title":"Post-sepsis syndrome\u2014an evolving entity that afflicts survivors of sepsis","volume":"26","author":"Mostel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103044","article-title":"Exploring the pathophysiology of post-sepsis syndrome to identify therapeutic opportunities","volume":"61","author":"van der Slikke","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104363","article-title":"Immunopathophysiology of human sepsis","volume":"86","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007089","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026","volume":"54","author":"Prescott","year":"2026","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00298-4","article-title":"Top ten research priorities for sepsis research determined by patietns, carers and clinicians","volume":"12","author":"McPeake","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002626","article-title":"Readmissions for recurrent sepsis: new or relapsed infection?","volume":"45","author":"Demerle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001135","article-title":"The long-term burden of severe sepsis and septic shock: sepsis recidicism and organ dysfunction","volume":"81","author":"Guirgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001824","article-title":"Risk of recurrence after surviving severe sepsis","volume":"44","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06479-y","article-title":"Association between sepsis survivorship and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Kosyakovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2025.098","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in adult sepsis survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2024.154925","article-title":"Hospital readmission after surviving sepsis: a systematic review of readmission reasons and meta-analysis of readmission rates","volume":"85","author":"Ackermann","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201307-1321OC","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular events in survivors of severe sepsis","volume":"189","author":"Yende","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201510-2023OC","article-title":"Long-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in sepsis survivors. A nationwide population-based study","volume":"194","author":"Ou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07409-8","article-title":"Post-sepsis psychiatric disorder: pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2025.02.001","article-title":"Mental health in the first year after ICU-treated sepsis: analysis of administrative diagnoses in German health claims data","volume":"93","author":"Sell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2020-0986","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in sepsis survivors after ICU discharge","volume":"43","author":"Calsavara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005030","article-title":"Depression and long-term survival among South Korean sepsis survivors: a nationwide cohort study from 2011 to 2014","volume":"49","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2223-6","article-title":"Anxiety, Depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after critical illness: a UK-wide prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Hatch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.05.026","article-title":"Acute kidney injury from sepsis: current concepts, epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment","volume":"96","author":"Peerapornratana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620956621","article-title":"Progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in sepsis survivors: 1-year follow-up study","volume":"36","author":"Arshad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04654-9","article-title":"Risk of malignant disease in 1-year sepsis survivors, a registry-based nationwide follow-up study","volume":"27","author":"H\u00e4stbacka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-1116TR","article-title":"Sepsis and cancer: an interplay of friends and foes","volume":"202","author":"Mirouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01106-x","article-title":"Health-related quality of life among patients who have survived an episode of sepsis in the united states: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Basu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04655-8","article-title":"The spectrum of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a clinical perspective","volume":"27","author":"Sonneville","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56050240","article-title":"Sepsis-associated delirium","volume":"56","author":"Atterton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000059996.30263.94","article-title":"Six-month neuropsychological outcome of medical intensive care unit patients","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004897","article-title":"Trajectory of cognitive decline after sepsis","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666251317467","article-title":"Muscle dysfunction and physical recovery after critical illness","volume":"41","author":"Mart","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3914-y","article-title":"Physical activity, muscle strength, and exercise capacity 3 months after severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"41","author":"Borges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzy137","article-title":"Life after sepsis: an international survey of survivors to understand the post-sepsis syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01733-3","article-title":"Comparison of fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and psychological disorders in post-COVID patients and patients after sepsis: is there a specific constellation?","volume":"50","author":"Stallmach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44432-3","article-title":"Muscle abnormalities worsen after post-exertional malaise in long COVID","volume":"15","author":"Appelman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03173-6","article-title":"Long COVID science, research and policy","volume":"30","author":"Al-Aly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8686","article-title":"Long-term host immune response trajectories among hospitalized patients with sepsis","volume":"2","author":"Yende","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200712-1777OC","article-title":"Inflammatory markers at hospital discharge predict subsequent mortality after pneumonia and sepsis","volume":"177","author":"Yende","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605666","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.605666","article-title":"Why septic patients remain sick after discharge?","volume":"11","author":"Gritte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2012.00195","article-title":"HMGB1 mediates cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors","volume":"18","author":"Chavan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0598-y","article-title":"Brain lesions in septic shock: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"33","author":"Sharshar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1048-2","article-title":"Long-term cognitive outcomes after sepsis: a translational systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Barichello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0332-6","article-title":"Systemic inflammation and microglial activation: systematic review of animal experiments","volume":"12","author":"Hoogland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-061121-040214","article-title":"Sepsis-induced immunosuppression","volume":"84","author":"Torres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312754","article-title":"Sepsis induces prolonged epigenetic modifications in bone marrow and peripheral macrophages impairing inflammation and wound healing","volume":"39","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5433","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S321507","article-title":"Immune dysfunction is associated with readmission in survivors of sepsis follwoing infected pancreatic necrosis","volume":"14","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000234","article-title":"Persistent lymphopenia after sepsis predicts mortality","volume":"42","author":"Drewry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-241083","article-title":"The post sepsis-induced expansion and enhanced function of regulatory T cells create an environment to potentiate tumor growth","volume":"115","author":"Cavassani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560737","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1560737","article-title":"Sepsis and post-sepsis syndrome: a multisystem challenge requiring comprehensive care and management-a review","volume":"12","author":"Torres","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201606-1143OC","article-title":"Early expansion of circulating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in septic shock","volume":"196","author":"Uhel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001783","article-title":"Human myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with chronic immune suppression after severe sepsis\/septic shock","volume":"265","author":"Mathias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1233-5","article-title":"Sepsis-induced long-term immune paralysis\u2013 results of a descriptive, explorative study","volume":"20","author":"Arens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10145","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10145","article-title":"Sepsis induces long-term metabolic and mitochondrial muscle stem cell dysfunction amenable by mesenchymal stem cell therapyLong-term metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction after sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Rocheteau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05069-w","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05491-8","article-title":"Rethinking post-sepsis syndrome: linking cellular dysfunction to the clinical picture","volume":"29","author":"Gorecki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029438","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1029438","article-title":"Role of regulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in sepsis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib64","article-title":"Prolonged loss of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial mass characterize CD66b+ leukocytes from patients with sepsism","author":"Rodhouse","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv [Preprint]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70041","article-title":"Sepsis induces long-term muscle and mitochondrial dysfunction dueo to autophagy disruption amenable by urolithin A","volume":"16","author":"Pierre","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00982-w","article-title":"Post-sepsis chronic muscle weakness can be prevented by pharmacological protection of mitochondria","volume":"30","author":"Kingren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib67","first-page":"2024","article-title":"Biological drivers of the host response in sepsis","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0469-1","article-title":"Effects of intra-abdominal sepsis on atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"18","author":"Kaynar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100100","article-title":"Inflammation and atherosclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Hansson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022847","article-title":"Elevated hemostasis markers after pneumonia increases one-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths","volume":"6","author":"Yende","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.06.040","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia patients at risk for early and long-term cardiovascular events are identified by cardiac biomarkers","volume":"156","author":"Men\u00e9ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2021.106922","article-title":"Septic shock as a trigger of arterial stress-induced premature senescence: a new pathway involved in the post sepsis long-term cardiovascular complicationse","volume":"141","author":"Merdji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01236-4","article-title":"Activation of senescence in critically ill patients: mechanisms, consequences and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00edn-Vicente","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2020.111410","article-title":"Cellular and molecular features of senescence in acute lung injury","volume":"193","author":"Huidobro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.166643","article-title":"Tubular cell senescence promotes maladaptive kidney repair and chronic kidney disease after cisplatin nephrotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154436","article-title":"The human gut microbiome in critical illness: disruptions, consequences, and therapeutic frontiers","volume":"79","author":"Sung","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5268-8","article-title":"Pathogen colonization of the gastrointestinal microbiome at intensive care unit admission and risk for subsequent death or infection","volume":"44","author":"Freedberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix947","article-title":"Risk of subsequent sepsis within 90 days after a hospital stay by type of antibiotic exposure","volume":"66","author":"Baggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04780-4","article-title":"Gut mycobiome dysbiosis after sepsis and trauma","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2025OC","article-title":"The adult respiratory distress syndrome cognitive outcomes study: long-term neuropsychological function in survivors of acute lung injury","volume":"185","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib81","first-page":"CD009783","article-title":"Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults","volume":"11","author":"Herling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05585-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of targeted post-acute interventions and follow-up services for sepsis survivors: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Bircak-Kuchtova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228952","article-title":"Long-term mortality in hospital survivors of septic shock, sepsis, and severe infections: the importance of aftercare","volume":"15","author":"Rahmel","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2025.3699","article-title":"Proactive telehealth-based sepsis transition and recovery support, hospital readmission, and mortality: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"185","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005300","article-title":"Effect of a multicomponent sepsis transition and recovery program on mortality and readmissions after sepsis: the improving morbidity during post-acute care transitions for sepsis randomized clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082582","article-title":"Improving outcomes in survivors of sepsis-the transition from secondary to primary care, and the role of primary care: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423622000275","article-title":"Organization of primary care","volume":"23","author":"Akman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib88","series-title":"Realising the potential of primary health care","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.7207","article-title":"Effect of a primary care management intervention on mental health-related quality of life among survivors of sepsis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.08.033","article-title":"Long-term courses of sepsis survivors: effects of a primary care management intervention","volume":"133","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2018-100994","article-title":"Examining the relationship between sepsis and oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalised elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Sasegbon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018157","article-title":"Early dysphagia screening by trained nurses reduces pneumonia rate in stroke patients: a clinical intervention study","volume":"48","author":"Palli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202109-1088OC","article-title":"Clinical subtypes of sepsis survivors predict readmission and mortality after hospital discharge","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006933","article-title":"Sepsis survivor subtypes with long-term mortality and disability after discharge: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Flick","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00286-3","article-title":"The walking wounded: sepsis survivors grapple with post-sepsis syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Duda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"}],"container-title":["Critical Care Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070426000321?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749070426000321?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T20:47:41Z","timestamp":1781815661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749070426000321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["S0749070426000321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0704","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Post-Sepsis Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Care Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccc.2026.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}