{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:18:36Z","timestamp":1773188316967,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cardiacep.theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T23:55:20Z","timestamp":1610236520000},"page":"191-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Waldmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Khairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.085","article-title":"Changing mortality in congenital heart disease","volume":"56","author":"Khairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.034","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and permanent atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease","volume":"70","author":"Labombarda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.01.079","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"287","author":"Waldmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019307","article-title":"Congenital heart defects in the United States: estimating the magnitude of the affected population in 2010","volume":"134","author":"Gilboa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.866319","article-title":"Atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"120","author":"Bouchardy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029590","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation burden in young patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"137","author":"Mandalenakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.003272","article-title":"Time course of atrial fibrillation in patients with congenital heart defects","volume":"8","author":"Teuwen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.01.011","article-title":"Ablation of focal atrial arrhythmia in patients with congenital heart defects after surgery: role of circumscribed areas with heterogeneous conduction","volume":"3","author":"de Groot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.05.063","article-title":"Reentrant and focal activations during atrial fibrillation in patients with atrial septal defect","volume":"96","author":"Nitta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12036","article-title":"Long-term outcome of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation originating from nonpulmonary vein ectopy","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.928481","article-title":"Arrhythmia burden in adults with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a multi-institutional study","volume":"122","author":"Khairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib12","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Age as a critical determinant of atrial fibrillation: a two-sided relationship","volume":"34","author":"Laredo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211","article-title":"The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation: relationships among clinical features, epidemiology, and mechanisms","volume":"114","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02480-3","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia among patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"90","author":"Kirsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw300","article-title":"Frequent atrial extrasystolic beats predict atrial fibrillation in patients with congenital heart defects","volume":"20","author":"Teuwen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.37.5.805","article-title":"Natural history and prognosis of atrial septal defect","volume":"37","author":"Craig","year":"1968","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.2.402","article-title":"Atrial septal defect in patients ages 60 years or older: operative results and long-term postoperative follow-up","volume":"64","author":"Sutton","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.204933","article-title":"Atrial septal defect closure is associated with a reduced prevalence of atrial tachyarrhythmia in the short to medium term: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Vecht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00383-4","article-title":"Excellent survival and low incidence of arrhythmias, stroke and heart failure long-term after surgical ASD closure at young age. A prospective follow-up study of 21-33 years","volume":"24","author":"Roos-Hesselink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.05.045","article-title":"Incidence of atrial fibrillation following transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in adults","volume":"102","author":"Spies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.05.009","volume":"11","author":"Khairy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.196147","article-title":"Cerebrovascular accidents in adult patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"96","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2018.04.003","article-title":"Risk of thromboembolic complications in adult congenital heart disease: a literature review","volume":"111","author":"Karsenty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.223","article-title":"Thromboprophylaxis for atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a multicenter study","volume":"223","author":"Khairy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib25","first-page":"1698","article-title":"Arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease: what the practicing cardiologist needs to know","volume":"35","author":"Khairy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib26","first-page":"1686","article-title":"Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in adult congenital heart disease","volume":"35","author":"Mongeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.06.014","article-title":"Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for thromboembolic prevention, are they safe in congenital heart disease? Results of a worldwide study","volume":"299","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy480","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy in adult congenital heart disease: growing need, yet limited evidence","volume":"40","author":"Brida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2007.00799.x","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of ibutilide in children and in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"30","author":"Hoyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.04.060","article-title":"Atrial tachycardias in young adults and adolescents with congenital heart disease: conversion using single dose oral sotalol","volume":"136","author":"Rao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.2.149","article-title":"Amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunction: risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"100","author":"Thorne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib32","first-page":"CD005049","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation","volume":"5","author":"Lafuente-Lafuente","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.06.023","article-title":"Transseptal access and atrial fibrillation ablation guided by intracardiac echocardiography in patients with atrial septal closure devices","volume":"8","author":"Santangeli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01249.x","article-title":"Intracardiac echo-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale repair: a feasibility, safety, and efficacy study","volume":"19","author":"Lakkireddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2012.00649.x","article-title":"Pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"7","author":"Philip","year":"2012","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.01.015","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in adults with congenital heart disease: lessons learned from more than 10 years following a sequential ablation approach","volume":"4","author":"Sohns","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v11.i5.149","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"11","author":"Abadir","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz157","article-title":"Efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"21","author":"Guarguagli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187791822030109X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187791822030109X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T05:40:30Z","timestamp":1761802830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187791822030109X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S187791822030109X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-9182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-9182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}