{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T03:20:56Z","timestamp":1773890456990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T15:08:25Z","timestamp":1168441705000},"page":"423-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Characteristics, Tests, and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"J. Hector","family":"Pope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry P.","family":"Selker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib1","unstructured":"American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics\u20132005 Update. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008876322599","article-title":"Clinical features of emergency department patients presenting with symptoms of acute cardiac ischemia: a multicenter study","volume":"6","author":"Pope","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004203421603","article-title":"Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department","volume":"342","author":"Pope","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib4","first-page":"91","article-title":"Acute coronary events in a general practice: objectives and design of the Imminent Myocardial Infarction Rotterdam Study","volume":"7","author":"Van der Does","year":"1976","journal-title":"Heart Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"National ambulatory care survey: 1992 emergency department summary","volume":"245","author":"McCaig","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405173102001","article-title":"A predictive instrument to improve coronary care unit admission practices in acute ischemic heart disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Pozen","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198209023071004","article-title":"A computer-derived protocol to aid in the diagnosis of emergency room patients with acute chest pain","volume":"307","author":"Goldman","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270090035024","article-title":"Disposition of presumed coronary patients from an emergency room; a follow-up study","volume":"236","author":"Schor","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90217-7","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and natural history of patients with acute myocardial infarction sent home from the emergency room","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-2-238","article-title":"The usefulness of a predictive instrument to reduce inappropriate admissions to the coronary care unit","volume":"92","author":"Pozen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib11","series-title":"Acute coronary care: principles and practice","first-page":"289","article-title":"Optimal identification of the patient with acute myocardial ischemia in the emergency room","author":"Selker","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197301112880205","article-title":"End results, costs, and productivity of coronary care units","volume":"288","author":"Bloom","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01322964","article-title":"Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room: a prospective assessment of clinical decision making and usefulness of immediate cardiac enzyme determination","volume":"4","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320180029024","article-title":"Improved criteria for admission to coronary care units","volume":"246","author":"Fuchs","year":"1981","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198507000-00002","article-title":"Predictors of myocardial infarction in emergency room patients","volume":"13","author":"Tierney","year":"1985","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803313181301","article-title":"A computer protocol to predict myocardial infarction in emergency department patients with chest pain","volume":"318","author":"Goldman","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib17","series-title":"Contemporary cardiology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-731-4","article-title":"Management of coronary syndromes","author":"Cannon","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81945-6","article-title":"Missed diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department: results from a multicenter study","volume":"22","author":"McCarthy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600409","article-title":"Detecting acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department: a review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"McCarthy","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70297-X","article-title":"An evaluation of technologies for identifying acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department","volume":"29","author":"Selker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib21","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evaluation of technologies for identifying acute cardiac ischemia in emergency departments. Technology assessment no. 26, prepared by Joseph Lau, MD. AHRQ Pub no. 01-E006, May 2001. 103\u20135."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197709292971301","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of electrocardiographic exercise stress testing","volume":"297","author":"Rifkin","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(77)90062-5","article-title":"Symptomatic myocardial infarction without chest pain: prevalence and clinical course","volume":"40","author":"Uretsky","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.35.6.616","article-title":"Incidence and presentation of myocardial infarction in an English community","volume":"35","author":"Kinlen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(73)80079-7","article-title":"Clinical features of unrecognized myocardial infarction-silent and symptomatic","volume":"32","author":"Marglois","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-11_Part_1-199812010-00002","article-title":"Use of the Acute Cardiac Ischemia Time-Insensitive Predictive Instrument (ACI-TIPI) to assist with triage of patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia","volume":"129","author":"Selker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90082-5","article-title":"Unstable angina pectoris: National Cooperative Study Group to compare medical and surgical therapy: IV. Results in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease","volume":"48","author":"Russell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib28","first-page":"I66","article-title":"Acute coronary insufficiency. Course and follow-up","volume":"45","author":"Krauss","year":"1972","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198509263131306","article-title":"Clinical prediction rules: applications and methodological standards","volume":"313","author":"Wasson","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2002 emergency department summary","volume":"340","author":"McCaig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.09.001","article-title":"Clinical features, triage, and outcome of patients presenting to the ED with suspected acute coronary syndrome but without pain: a multicenter study","volume":"22","author":"Coronado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70342-X","article-title":"Clinical policy for the initial approach to adults presenting with a chief complaint of chest pain with no history of trauma","volume":"25","author":"American College of Emergency Physicians","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.45.3.299","article-title":"Diagnosis of slight and subacute coronary attacks in the community","volume":"45","author":"Short","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1985.00360010085013","article-title":"Acute chest pain in the emergency room: identification and examination of low-risk patients","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606063342303","article-title":"Prediction of the need for intensive care in patients who come to the emergency department with acute chest pain","volume":"334","author":"Goldman","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199112000-00003","article-title":"A time-insensitive predictive instrument for acute myocardial infarction mortality: a multicenter study","volume":"29","author":"Selker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1971.tb07398.x","article-title":"Pain in acute myocardial infarction. A study of 137 patients in a coronary care unit","volume":"190","author":"Sawe","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction with special reference to the diagnosis of the intermediate coronary syndrome: a clinical study","volume":"520","author":"Sawe","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1981.tb03107.x","article-title":"Chest pain-prophet of doom or nagging necrosis?","volume":"644","author":"Levene","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl 406","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Myocardial infarction. Clinical features and outcome in three thousand thirty-six cases","volume":"406","author":"Sievers","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1979.tb06047.x","article-title":"Oesophageal dysfunction in non-infarction coronary care unit patients","volume":"205","author":"Areskog","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.52.6.1056","article-title":"Prodromata of myocardial infarction and sudden death","volume":"52","author":"Alonzo","year":"1975","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib43","first-page":"180","article-title":"Indications for admission to a coronary care unit in patients with unstable angina","volume":"122","author":"Nattel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6241.636","article-title":"Vomiting as a diagnostic aid in acute ischemic cardiac pain","volume":"281","author":"Ingram","year":"1980","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02987-9","article-title":"Atypical presentations among Medicare beneficiaries with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"91","author":"Canto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411013111802","article-title":"Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: an update on the Framingham Study","volume":"311","author":"Kannel","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(67)90498-5","article-title":"Clinically unrecognized myocardial infarction in the Western Collaborative Group Study","volume":"19","author":"Rosenman","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib48","first-page":"116","article-title":"Unrecognized myocardial infarction; experience in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)","volume":"75","author":"Grimm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8651(18)30577-0","article-title":"Silent myocardial ischemia and infarction: insights from the Framingham study","volume":"4","author":"Kannel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib50","first-page":"779A","article-title":"Can missed diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room be reduced?","volume":"37","author":"McCarthy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib51","series-title":"Coronary heart disease, atherothrombotic brain infarction, intermittent claudication\u2013a multivariate analysis of some factors related to their incidence: Framingham Study, 16-year follow-up","author":"Gordon","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(67)90082-3","article-title":"A multivariate analysis of the risk of coronary artery disease in Framingham","volume":"20","author":"Truett","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02599153","article-title":"Physician electrocardiogram reading in the emergency department: accuracy and effect on triage decisions: findings from a multicenter study","volume":"7","author":"Jayes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00007","article-title":"Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease","volume":"139","author":"Henrikson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197307052890106","article-title":"Clinical and manometric effects of nitroglycerin in diffuse esophageal spasm","volume":"289","author":"Orlando","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(67)90023-9","article-title":"Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. A two year experience with 250 patients","volume":"20","author":"Killip","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.114760","article-title":"NIH National Heart Attack Alert Program Working Group on Evaluation of Technologies for Identifying Acute Cardiac Ischemia in Emergency Departments Report","volume":"37","author":"Ornato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02596257","article-title":"Electrocardiograms and decision aids in coronary care triage: the truth but not the whole truth","volume":"2","author":"Selker","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90520-0","article-title":"Influence of electrocardiographic findings on admission decisions in patients with acute chest pain","volume":"79","author":"Hoffman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198505023121801","article-title":"Use of the initial electrocardiogram to predict in-hospital complications of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"312","author":"Brush","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)91020-4","article-title":"Outcome in suspected acute myocardial infarction with normal or minimally abnormal admission electrocardiographic findings","volume":"60","author":"Slater","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370050039006","article-title":"The initial electrocardiogram during admission for myocardial infarction; use as a predictor of clinical course and facility utilization","volume":"147","author":"Stark","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90508-8","article-title":"Electrocardiographic and clinical criteria for recognition of acute myocardial infarction based on analysis of 3,697 patients","volume":"52","author":"Rude","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80213-8","article-title":"Electrocardiographic findings in acute right ventricular infarction: sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic alterations in right precordial leads V4R,V5R,V1,V2,V3","volume":"19","author":"Lopez-Sendon","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02596256","article-title":"Protocols in the emergency room evaluation of chest pain: do they fail to diagnose lateral wall myocardial infarction?","volume":"2","author":"Wrenn","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(86)80005-X","article-title":"Electrocardiographic diagnosis of posterior myocardial infarction revisited","volume":"19","author":"Nestico","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib67","series-title":"Textbook of internal medicine","first-page":"305","article-title":"Electrocardiography, exercise stress testing, and ambulatory monitoring","author":"Fisch","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(89)80924-2","article-title":"Litigation against the emergency physician: common features in cases of missed myocardial infarction","volume":"18","author":"Rusnak","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib69","first-page":"557","article-title":"Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures: principles and applications","volume":"94","author":"Griner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1990.tb01314.x","article-title":"Does the emergency room electrocardiogram identify patients with suspected myocardial infarction who are at low risk of acute complications?","volume":"20","author":"Bell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80110-0","article-title":"The emergency department ECG and immediate life-threatening complications in initially uncomplicated suspected myocardial ischemia","volume":"17","author":"Zalenski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90467-Y","article-title":"Usefulness of ST-segment changes in \u2265 2 leads on the emergency room electrocardiogram in either unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in predicting outcome","volume":"67","author":"Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(89)80007-1","article-title":"Initial ECG in Q wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction","volume":"18","author":"Fesmire","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03310220034022","article-title":"The baseline ECG in the evaluation of acute cardiac complaints","volume":"244","author":"Rubenstein","year":"1980","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370020075040","article-title":"Relationship of prior myocardial infarction to false-positive electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute injury in patients with chest pain","volume":"147","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib76","unstructured":"Goldberger A. Myocardial infarction electrocardiographic differential diagnosis. St. Louis (MO: CV Mosby; 1979."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02824-3","article-title":"Troponin T and quantitative ST-depression offer complementary prognostic information in the risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients","volume":"41","author":"Kaul","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90891-X","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic significance of transient isolated negative T-waves in suspected acute myocardial infarction","volume":"57","author":"Granborg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340100055032","article-title":"Abnormal ECG in clinically normal individuals","volume":"250","author":"Fisch","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608143150703","article-title":"Coronary arteriographic findings soon after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction","volume":"315","author":"DeWood","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608143150709","article-title":"Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction","volume":"315","author":"Kennedy","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.71.4.486","article-title":"Evaluation of electrocardiogram in emergency room as a decision-making tool","volume":"71","author":"Behar","year":"1977","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6033.449","article-title":"First electrocardiogram in recent myocardial infarction","volume":"2","author":"McGuinness","year":"1976","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70347-0","article-title":"A rapid diagnostic and treatment center for patients with chest pain in the emergency department","volume":"25","author":"Gibler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80057-5","article-title":"Serial ECGs are less accurate than serial CK-MB results for emergency department diagnosis of myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Hedges","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(98)70091-5","article-title":"Evaluation of chest pain in low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department: the role of immediate exercise testing","volume":"32","author":"Kirk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00098-4","article-title":"Immediate exercise testing of low-risk patients with known coronary artery disease presenting to the emergency department with chest pain","volume":"33","author":"Lewis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(91)90113-X","article-title":"Safety of immediate treadmill testing in selected emergency department patients with chest pain: a preliminary report","volume":"9","author":"Tsakonis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80793-0","article-title":"Emergency cardiac stress testing in the evaluation of emergency department patients with atypical chest pain","volume":"22","author":"Kerns","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/28.2.277","article-title":"Creatine kinase and creatine kinase B-subunit activity in serum in cases of suspected myocardial infarction","volume":"28","author":"Gerhardt","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1984.tb17673.x","article-title":"The value of serum myoglobin determinations in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"215","author":"Roxin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.02.003","article-title":"Delta creatinine kinase-MB outperforms myoglobin at two hours during emergency department identification and exclusion troponin positive non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes","volume":"44","author":"Fesmire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.19.2405","article-title":"Ability of minor elevations of troponins I and T to predict benefit from an early invasive strategy in patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: results from a randomized trial","volume":"286","author":"Morrow","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00107-3","article-title":"Prognostic value of isolated troponin elevation across the spectrum of chest pain syndromes","volume":"91","author":"Rao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1385\/CT:1:2:105","article-title":"Troponins in patients with acute coronary syndromes: biologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications","volume":"1","author":"Morrow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013456","article-title":"Troponin t levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes, with or without renal dysfunction","volume":"346","author":"Aviles","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/104.4.472","article-title":"Myoglobin in the early evaluation of acute chest pain","volume":"104","author":"Montague","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00816-9","article-title":"Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients without ST-segment elevation","volume":"83","author":"Kontos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1693","article-title":"Increased soluble form of P-selectin in patients with unstable angina","volume":"92","author":"Ikeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-199508000-00009","article-title":"Can the risk for acute cardiac events inacute coronary syndromes be indicated by platelet membrane activation marker P-selectin?","volume":"6","author":"Itoh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib101","first-page":"439","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: clinical importance","volume":"29","author":"Bassuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.03.023","article-title":"Clinical significance of a single measurement of troponin-I and C-reactive protein at admission in 1773 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"148","author":"Oltrona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.015826","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and multiple complex stenoses (pancoronary plaque vulnerability) in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes","volume":"90","author":"Avanzas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040967","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women","volume":"351","author":"Pai","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011053","article-title":"The prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"345","author":"de Lemos","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.05.022","article-title":"Evaluation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A as a prognostic indicator in acute coronary syndrome patients","volume":"348","author":"Laterza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000115516.54550.B1","article-title":"Serum amyloid A as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcome in women: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035003","article-title":"Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in patients with chest pain","volume":"349","author":"Brennan","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030535","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase 1 activity and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"349","author":"Blankenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.4.435","article-title":"Prognostic value of placental growth factor in patients with acute chest pain","volume":"291","author":"Heeschen","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib111","first-page":"201","article-title":"Involvement of inflammation in acute coronary syndromes assessed by levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and soluble vascular-cell adhesion molecule","volume":"42","author":"Nomoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000049742.68848.99","article-title":"Association between plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"107","author":"de Lemos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000015464.18023.0A","article-title":"Multimarker approach to risk stratification in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: simultaneous assessment of troponin I, C-reactive protein, and B-type natriuretic peptide","volume":"105","author":"Sabatine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70090-0","article-title":"Clinical utility of troponin T levels and echocardiography in the emergency department","volume":"135","author":"Mohler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.21.2693","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation and triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia","volume":"288","author":"Udelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.4.780","article-title":"Changes in systemic vascular resistance detected by the arterial resistometer: preliminary report of a new method tested during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty","volume":"74","author":"Mohr","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib117","first-page":"558","article-title":"A method for continuous on-line monitoring of systemic vascular resistance (COMS) after open heart procedures","volume":"28","author":"Mohr","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-0770(91)90042-R","article-title":"Correlation between myocardial ischemia and changes in arterial resistance during coronary bypass surgery","volume":"6","author":"Mohr","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1011977","article-title":"Cardiac efficiency during coronary occlusion and during reperfusion after emergency revascularization under cardioprotection","volume":"44","author":"Kantartzis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2004.016188","article-title":"Detection of chest pain of non-cardiac origin at the emergency room by a new non-invasive device avoiding unnecessary admission to hospital","volume":"22","author":"Gorenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600122","article-title":"Impact of the acute cardiac ischemia time-insensitive predictive instrument (ACI-TIPI) on the speed of triage decision making for emergency department patients presenting with chest pain","volume":"9","author":"Sarasin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib122","first-page":"397","article-title":"Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"1","author":"Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio Della Streptochinasi Nell'Infarcto Miocardico (GISSI)","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91161-4","article-title":"Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1000 patients","volume":"343","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib124","series-title":"The thrombolytic predictive instrument project: combining clinical study databases to take medical effectiveness research to the streets","author":"Selker","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061992","article-title":"Time as an adjunctive agent to thrombolytic therapy","volume":"1","author":"Cannon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70045-1","article-title":"60 Minutes to Treatment Working Group. Emergency department: rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"23","author":"National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib127","first-page":"67","article-title":"Emergency medical dispatching: rapid identification and treatment of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"13","author":"National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Access to Care Subcommittee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib128","first-page":"188","article-title":"9\u20131-1: rapid identification and treatment of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"13","author":"National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Access to Care Subcommittee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.2103","article-title":"Treatment of myocardial infarction in the United States (1990 to 1993) observations from the national registry of myocardial infarction","volume":"90","author":"Rogers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008820104852","article-title":"Access to timely and optimal care of patients with acute coronary syndromes\u2014community planning considerations: a report by the National Heart Attack Alert Program","volume":"6","author":"National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Access to Care Subcommittee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008872105760","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.7.1923","article-title":"Link between the angiographic substudy and mortality outcomes in a large randomized trial of myocardial reperfusion: importance of early and complete infarct artery reperfusion","volume":"91","author":"Sims","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.9.1016","volume":"100","author":"Ryan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00996-7","article-title":"Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999","volume":"36","author":"Rogers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.105703","article-title":"Factors associated with delay in reperfusion therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of the cooperative cardiovascular project","volume":"139","author":"Berger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-2-200207160-00006","article-title":"Use of the electrocardiograph-based thrombolytic predictive instrument to assist thrombolytic and reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter randomized clinical effectiveness trial","volume":"137","author":"Selker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.12.1150","article-title":"Use of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction in the United States. Data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2","volume":"97","author":"Barron","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90158-T","article-title":"Impact of physician experience on triage of emergency room patients with acute chest pain at three teaching hospitals","volume":"91","author":"Ting","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.342","article-title":"Impact of a clinical decision rule on hospital triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department","volume":"288","author":"Reilly","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91555-X","article-title":"Prospective validation of artificial neural network trained to identify acute myocardial infarction","volume":"347","author":"Baxt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-2-200207160-00006","article-title":"Use of the electrocardiograph-based thrombolytic predictive instrument to assist thrombolytic and reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"137","author":"Selker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib142","first-page":"526","article-title":"Coronary heart disease incidence, by sex\u2014United States, 1971\u20131987","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib143","series-title":"The women's health data book: a profile of women's health in the United States","author":"Misra","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(83)80072-2","article-title":"Computer-assisted diagnosis in the noninvasive evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"1","author":"Diamond","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00082-0","article-title":"The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study: protocol design, methodology and feasibility report","volume":"33","author":"Merz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib146","first-page":"III16","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of coronary artery disease and its surgical and medical management, 1974\u20131979. The Coronary Artery Surgery study","volume":"66","author":"Kennedy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00010","article-title":"Systemic review: transient left ventricular apical ballooning: a syndrome that mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"141","author":"Bybee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605163342007","article-title":"The evaluation of chest pain in women","volume":"334","author":"Douglas","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00077-6","article-title":"Hospital mortality in women and men with acute cardiac ischemia: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"29","author":"Coronado","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410401","article-title":"Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 participants","volume":"341","author":"Vaccarino","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.13.1279","article-title":"Better outcome for women compared with men undergoing coronary revascularization: a report from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)","volume":"98","author":"Jacobs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00358-0","article-title":"Impact of gender on coronary bypass operative mortality","volume":"66","author":"Edwards","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.14.1799","article-title":"Differences in prognostic factors and outcomes between women and men undergoing coronary artery stenting","volume":"284","author":"Mehilli","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib154","first-page":"II93","article-title":"Influence of sex on the use of cardiac procedures in patients presenting to the emergency department: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"94","author":"Maynard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199107253250401","article-title":"Differences in the use of procedures between women and men hospitalized for coronary heart disease","volume":"325","author":"Ayanian","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)91008-6","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients initially diagnosed as syndrome X","volume":"71","author":"Romeo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6933.883","article-title":"Chest pain in women: clinical, investigative, and prognostic features","volume":"308","author":"Sullivan","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00507-M","article-title":"Cardiac syndrome X: clinical characteristics and left ventricular function. Long-term follow-up study","volume":"25","author":"Kaski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000116205.96440.FE","article-title":"Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: current status and future research directions: report of the National heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop","volume":"109","author":"Bairey Merz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90155-9","article-title":"Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population","volume":"111","author":"Lerner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.64.5.295","article-title":"Prevalence of coronary heart disease in Scotland: Scottish Heart Health Study","volume":"64","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60537-0","article-title":"Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota, V: prognosis of patients with CAD based on initial manifestation","volume":"60","author":"Elveback","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116822","article-title":"Risk factors for coronary heart disease among older men and women: a prospective study of community-dwelling elderly","volume":"138","author":"Seeman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib164","first-page":"27","article-title":"Treatment of women with acute MI: new findings from the MITI Registry","volume":"4","author":"Maynard","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Myocard Ischemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v17n02_02","article-title":"Differences in the impact and management of heart disease between older women and men","volume":"17","author":"Sharpe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02599688","article-title":"The effect of gender on the probability of myocardial infarction among emergency department patients with acute chest pain","volume":"4","author":"Cunningham","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.2.347","article-title":"Sex differential in the relationship of electrocardiographic ST-T abnormalities to risk of coronary death: 11.5 year follow-up findings of the Chicago heart association detection project in industry","volume":"75","author":"Liao","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979404500107","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical features, and acute course of atypical myocardial infarction","volume":"45","author":"Lusiani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440080070026","article-title":"Differences between women and men in survival after myocardial infarction: biology or methodology?","volume":"263","author":"Fiebach","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)91356-2","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction in women: influence of gender on mortality and prognostic variables","volume":"62","author":"Dittrich","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90341-A","article-title":"Risk of coronary heart disease in subjects with chest discomfort: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"89","author":"Murabito","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.119759","article-title":"Typical symptoms are predictive of acute coronary syndromes in women","volume":"143","author":"Milner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00322-7","article-title":"Gender differences in symptom presentation associated with coronary heart disease","volume":"84","author":"Milner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200007000-00004","article-title":"Age and sex differences in presentation of symptoms among patients with acute coronary disease: the REACT trial","volume":"11","author":"Goldberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80122-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of angina pectoris in syndrome X","volume":"17","author":"Maseri","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012369","article-title":"Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"346","author":"Panting","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00209-5","article-title":"Endothelial function in health and disease: new insights into the genesis of cardiovascular disease","volume":"105","author":"Quyyumi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000109491.66226.26","article-title":"Differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by gender in patients with unstable angina\/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a TACTICS-TIMI 18 substudy","volume":"109","author":"Wiviott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01949-6","article-title":"Women do have an improved long-term outcome after non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes treated very early and predominantly with percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective study in 1,450 consecutive patients","volume":"40","author":"Mueller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.1.64","article-title":"Blacks in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): risk factors and coronary artery disease","volume":"74","author":"Maynard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(92)90008-E","article-title":"Comparability of risk factors for coronary artery disease among black and whites in the NHANES-I epidemiologic follow-up study","volume":"2","author":"Cooper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00004","article-title":"Effect of race on the presentation and management of patients with acute chest pain","volume":"118","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib183","series-title":"Hypertension in blacks","first-page":"61","article-title":"Cardiac anatomy and function in hypertensive blacks","author":"Curry","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.1613","article-title":"Report of the NHLBI working group on research in coronary artery disease in blacks","volume":"90","author":"Lenfant","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308263290902","article-title":"Racial differences in the incidence of cardiac arrest and subsequent survival","volume":"329","author":"Becker","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.7.955","article-title":"Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: racial differences in outcome in Seattle","volume":"83","author":"Cowie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000116354.49167.CC","article-title":"Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: current status and future research directions","volume":"109","author":"Maseri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib188","first-page":"665","article-title":"Causes of chest pain and symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia in African-American patients presenting to the emergency department: a multicenter study","volume":"89","author":"Maynard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib189","series-title":"To err is human: building a safer health system","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520230061039","article-title":"Error in medicine","volume":"272","author":"Leale","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-006-5001-0","article-title":"Presentations of acute myocardial infarction in men and women","volume":"12","author":"Zucker","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90134-9","article-title":"Do patients' coronary risk factor reports predict acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department? A multicenter study","volume":"45","author":"Jayes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.03.021","article-title":"Is the initial diagnostic impression of \u201cnoncardiac chest pain\u201d adequate to exclude cardiac disease?","volume":"44","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865105000676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865105000676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T00:52:34Z","timestamp":1707526354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733865105000676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":193,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733865105000676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2005.08.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8651","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}