{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:34:00Z","timestamp":1760056440536,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T01:13:46Z","timestamp":1366161226000},"page":"237-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Role of Echocardiography During Mitral Valve Percutaneous Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nina C.","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Beigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2124","article-title":"Immediate results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy. A predictive model on a series of 1514 patients","volume":"94","author":"Iung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.3.223","article-title":"Farewell to surgical mitral commissurotomy for many patients","volume":"97","author":"Palacios","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90619-V","article-title":"Short and long-term results of catheter balloon percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy","volume":"67","author":"Hung","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00350-6","article-title":"Four-year follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry","volume":"28","author":"Dean","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(88)80045-7","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve structure and function in patients followed for at least 6\u00a0months after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty","volume":"12","author":"Abascal","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00063-V","article-title":"Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy in patients with severe valvular and subvalvular deformity","volume":"25","author":"Post","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.12.1580","article-title":"Long-term clinical and echocardiographic follow-up after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty with the Inoue balloon","volume":"99","author":"Hernandez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.25.3272","article-title":"Late results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in a series of 1024 patients: analysis of late clinical deterioration: frequency, anatomic findings and predictive factors","volume":"99","author":"Iung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib9","first-page":"132","article-title":"Long-term results of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis: a follow-up study to 11 years in 202 patients","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib10","first-page":"2451","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012) the Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"33","author":"Borger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur\u00a0Heart J"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.007","volume":"52","author":"Bonow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm095","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"28","author":"Vahanian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4870.1051","article-title":"An appreciation of mitral stenosis. I: Clinical features","volume":"4870","author":"Wood","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-52-4-741","article-title":"The course of mitral stenosis without surgery: ten- and twenty-year perspectives","volume":"52","author":"Rowe","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.11.029","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE\/ASE recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"22","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00326-9","article-title":"Measurement of mitral valve area in mitral stenosis: four echocardiographic measurements compared with direct measurements of anatomic orifices","volume":"28","author":"Faletra","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302742","article-title":"Discrepancy between mitral valve areas measured by two-dimensional planimetry and three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in patients with mitral stenosis","volume":"99","author":"Min","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib18","first-page":"580","article-title":"Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis","volume":"4","author":"Schlosshan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1067\/j.echo.2003.07.005","article-title":"Accuracy of mitral valve area measurements using transthoracic rapid freehand 3-dimensional scanning: comparison with noninvasive and invasive measurements","volume":"16","author":"Sugeng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib20","first-page":"H1718","article-title":"Physical and physiological determinants of transmitral velocity: numerical analysis","volume":"260","author":"Thomas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90556-8","article-title":"Accurate measurement of the transmitral gradient in patients with mitral stenosis: a simultaneous catheterization and Doppler echocardiographic study","volume":"24","author":"Nishimura","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(51)90002-6","article-title":"Hydraulic formula for calculation of the area of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts","volume":"41","author":"Gorlin","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.60.4.299","article-title":"Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral valve: an analysis of echocardiographic variables related to outcome and the mechanism of dilatation","volume":"60","author":"Wilkins","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90011-9","article-title":"Value of two-dimensional echocardiography in selecting patients and balloon sizes for percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.3.515","article-title":"Influence of mitral valve morphology on double-balloon catheter balloon valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis. Analysis of factors predicting immediate and 3-month results","volume":"80","author":"Reid","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.4.782","article-title":"Indications, complications, and short-term clinical outcome of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy","volume":"80","author":"Nobuyoshi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00422-6","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of commissural calcium: a simple predictor of outcome after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy","volume":"29","author":"Cannan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.84.4.398","article-title":"Significance of commissural calcification on outcome of mitral balloon valvotomy","volume":"84","author":"Sutaria","year":"2000","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00594-3","article-title":"Echocardiography can predict which patients will develop severe mitral regurgitation after percutaneous mitral valvotomy","volume":"27","author":"Padial","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00481-5","article-title":"Functional results 5 years after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in a series of 528 patients and analysis of predictive factors","volume":"27","author":"Iung","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.09.022","article-title":"Validation of a new score for the assessment of mitral stenosis using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"23","author":"Anwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000012143.27196.F4","article-title":"Which patients benefit from percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty? Prevalvuloplasty and postvalvuloplasty variables that predict long term outcome","volume":"105","author":"Palacios","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90404-2","article-title":"Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty by the Inoue technique: a multicenter study of 4832 patients in China","volume":"129","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.4.980","article-title":"Inaccuracy of mitral pressure half-time immediately after percutaneous mitral valvotomy. Dependence on transmitral gradient and left atrial and ventricular compliance","volume":"78","author":"Thomas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90712-8","article-title":"Methodologic issues in clinical evaluation of stenosis severity in adults undergoing aortic or mitral balloon valvuloplasty","volume":"69","author":"Otto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib36","first-page":"240","article-title":"The role of echocardiography\/Doppler in catheter balloon treatment of adults with aortic and mitral stenosis","volume":"84","author":"Reid","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90055-6","article-title":"Results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in 200 patients","volume":"63","author":"Vahanian","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.09.041","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of mitral valve area during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty: role of real-time 3D echocardiography","volume":"25","author":"Zamorano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2008.10.002","article-title":"Impact of degree of commissural opening after percutaneous mitral commissurotomy on long-term outcome","volume":"2","author":"Messika-Zeitoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90643-Q","article-title":"Factors determining late success after mitral balloon valvulotomy","volume":"71","author":"Pan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00853-9","article-title":"Comparison of late results of balloon valvotomy in mitral stenosis with versus without mitral regurgitation","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2011.09.018","article-title":"Mean pulmonary\u00a0arterial pressure after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty predicts long-term adverse outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Jorge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.06.008","article-title":"Impact of pre- and postprocedural mitral regurgitation on outcomes after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis","volume":"104","author":"Jneid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.02.108","article-title":"A\u00a0North American, prospective, multicenter assessment of the Mitroflow aortic pericardial prosthesis","volume":"90","author":"Conte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.117277","article-title":"The edge-to-edge technique in mitral valve repair: a simple solution for complex problems","volume":"122","author":"Alfieri","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.07.065","article-title":"Percutaneous mitral valve repair using the edge-to-edge technique. Six-month results of the EVEREST Phase I Clinical Trial","volume":"46","author":"Feldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.077","article-title":"Percutaneous mitral repair with the MitraClip system: safety and midterm durability in the initial EVEREST (Endovascular Valve Edge-to- Edge Repair Study) cohort","volume":"54","author":"Feldman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq050","article-title":"Acute outcomes of MitraClip therapy for mitral regurgitation in high-surgical-risk patients: emphasis on adverse valve morphology and severe left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Franzen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009355","article-title":"Percutaneous repair or surgery for mitral regurgitation","volume":"364","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq031","article-title":"European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease)","volume":"11","author":"Lancelotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib51","first-page":"11","article-title":"Echocardiographic guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures","volume":"1","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diag Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.12.048","article-title":"Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for assessment of mitral valve functional anatomy in patients with prolapse-related regurgitation","volume":"107","author":"La Canna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.11.008","article-title":"Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the intraoperative assessment of mitral valve disease","volume":"22","author":"Grewal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.06.011","article-title":"Comparative accuracy of two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in identifying mitral valve pathology in patients undergoing mitral valve repair: initial observations","volume":"24","author":"Ben Zekry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.08.051","article-title":"Utility of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of valvular perforations","volume":"107","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.07.007","article-title":"A\u00a0framework for systematic characterization of the mitral valve by real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"22","author":"Salcedo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.11.010","article-title":"EAE\/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"25","author":"Lang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.02.005","article-title":"Utility of combined two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal imaging for catheter-based mitral valve clip repair of mitral regurgitation","volume":"24","author":"Biner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.12.72","article-title":"Optimizing procedural outcome in percutaneous mitral valve therapy using transesophageal imaging: a stepwise analysis","volume":"10","author":"Slipczuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.06.011","article-title":"Color Doppler jet area overestimates regurgitant volume when multiple jets are present","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.2.306","article-title":"Quantitation of mitral regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography","volume":"74","author":"Blumlein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.02.003","article-title":"Direct measurement of size and shape of non-circular vena contracta in functional versus organic mitral regurgitation using real time 3-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"21","author":"Kahlert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.05.043","article-title":"Direct measurement of vena contracta area by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for assessing severity of mitral regurgitation","volume":"104","author":"Chaim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib64","first-page":"821","article-title":"Mitral valve hemodynamic effects of percutaneous edge-to-edge repair with the MitraClipTM device for mitral regurgitation","volume":"68","author":"Herrmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV4I4A76","article-title":"Effect of percutaneous mitral repair with the MitraClip device on mitral valve area and gradient","volume":"4","author":"Herrmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01238-1","article-title":"The CarboMedics valve: experience with 1.049 implants","volume":"65","author":"Bernal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)61067-3","article-title":"Results of reoperation for periprosthetic leakage","volume":"35","author":"Orzulak","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90570-3","article-title":"Twelve years experience with St. Jude Medical prosthesis","volume":"57","author":"Nakano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(89)90014-3","article-title":"Ten years experience with St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis","volume":"47","author":"Arom","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1985.01390280061013","article-title":"Actuarial analysis of prosthetic valve endocarditis in 1.598 patients with mechanical and bioprosthetic valves","volume":"120","author":"Rutledge","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.2.223","article-title":"Prosthetic valve endocarditis","volume":"69","author":"Ivert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib72","first-page":"340","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of prosthetic valve endocarditis","volume":"2","author":"Arvay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-008-0641-1","article-title":"Eight-year follow-up after prospectively randomized implantation of different mechanical aortic valves","volume":"97","author":"Lehmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2005.09.014","article-title":"Importance of implant technique on risk of major paravalvular leak (PVL) after St. Jude mechanical heart valve replacement: a report from the Artificial Valve Endocarditis Reduction Trial (AVERT)","volume":"28","author":"Englberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.08.047","article-title":"The St. Jude Medical cardiac valve prosthesis: a 25-year experience with single valve replacement","volume":"79","author":"Emery","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib76","first-page":"I43","article-title":"Ten-year experience with the Medtronic Hall valvular prosthesis. A study of 1,104 patients","volume":"80","author":"Nitter-Hauge","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02652-7","article-title":"Intermediate-term results with 1,019 CarboMedics aortic valves","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2008.183590","article-title":"Sorin Bicarbon bileaflet valve: a 9.8-year experience. Clinical performance of the prosthesis after heart valve replacement in 587 patients","volume":"8","author":"Spiliopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(89)90028-6","article-title":"Eleven years' experience with Carpentier-Edwards biological valves in relation to survival and complications","volume":"3","author":"Al-Khaja","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib80","first-page":"423","article-title":"Ten-years' clinical experience with the Sorin Pericarbon valve","volume":"9","author":"Folliguet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.04.073","article-title":"Clinical results of the Medtronic Mosaic porcine bioprosthesis up to 13 years","volume":"37","author":"Riess","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.10.041","article-title":"Hemodynamic and clinical outcomes with the Biocor valve in the aortic position: an 8-year experience","volume":"127","author":"Bottio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.11.1316","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of incidental paraprosthetic valvar regurgitation: a prospective study using transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"89","author":"Ionescu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.68.1.102","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of paravalvular leak after mitral valve replacement","volume":"68","author":"Duvernoy","year":"1975","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib85","first-page":"528","article-title":"Percutaneous closure of prosthetic paravalvular leaks: case series and review","volume":"68","author":"Pate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70124-9","article-title":"Natural history of early aortic paraprosthetic regurgitation: a five-year follow-up","volume":"138","author":"Rallidis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib87","first-page":"160","article-title":"Reoperation for aortic valve periprosthetic leakage: identification of patients at risk and results of operation","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib88","first-page":"503","article-title":"Paraprosthetic leak: a complication of cardiac valve replacement","volume":"32","author":"Jindani","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970005100605","article-title":"Paravalvular regurgitation: a rare complication following valve replacement surgery","volume":"51","author":"Safi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib90","first-page":"426","article-title":"Does the morphology of mitral paravalvular leaks influence symptoms and hemolysis?","volume":"10","author":"Genoni","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib91","first-page":"452","article-title":"Percutaneous closure of a complex prosthetic mitral paravalvular leak using transesophageal echocardiographic guidance","volume":"20","author":"Pate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870180706","article-title":"Detection of prosthetic mitral valve leak: a comparative study using transesophageal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography and auscultation","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib93","first-page":"525","article-title":"Studies on prosthetic valve function. A transesophageal echocardiographic assessment","volume":"44","author":"Sinha","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.75.6.609","article-title":"Additional diagnostic value of multiplane echocardiography over biplane imaging in assessment of mitral prosthetic valves","volume":"75","author":"Faletra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(91)90105-S","article-title":"Reoperation for bioprosthetic valve dysfunction. A decade of clinical experience","volume":"5","author":"Echevarria","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(09)72076-7","article-title":"Repeat mitral valve replacement: 30-years experience","volume":"62","author":"Exp\u00d3sito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90250-Q","article-title":"Transcatheter umbrella closure of valvular and paravalvular leaks","volume":"20","author":"Hourihan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib98","first-page":"318","article-title":"Catheter closure of paravalvular leak","volume":"3","author":"Hein","year":"2006","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"issue":"Abstract Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib99","first-page":"920","article-title":"Paravalvular leak closure: single-center experience","volume":"30","author":"Del Valle-Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib100","first-page":"158","article-title":"Techniques for percutaneous closure of prosthetic paravalvular leaks","volume":"67","author":"Pate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib101","first-page":"305","article-title":"Percutaneous closure of perivalvular leaks with Amplatzer occluders: feasibility, safety, and short term results","volume":"16","author":"Shapira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib102","first-page":"815","article-title":"Successful percutaneous repair of perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation","volume":"70","author":"Sorajja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.052","article-title":"Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in percutaneous transcatheter repair of paravalvular mitral regurgitation","volume":"101","author":"Cortes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib104","first-page":"438","article-title":"Percutaneous treatment of mitral valve periprosthetic leakage. An alternative to high-risk surgery?","volume":"62","author":"Garcia Borbolla Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2010.04.013","article-title":"Transcatheter closure of paravalvular defects using a purpose specific occluder","volume":"3","author":"Nietlispach","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.074","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous closure of periprosthetic paravalvular leaks","volume":"58","author":"Ruiz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00084-8","article-title":"Accurate localization of mitral regurgitant defects using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"65","author":"Foster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.62.1.1","article-title":"Colour flow Doppler mapping in the assessment of prosthetic valve regurgitation","volume":"62","author":"Chambers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90350-1","article-title":"Doppler color flow mapping in the evaluation of prosthetic mitral and aortic valve function","volume":"13","author":"Kapur","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.026823","article-title":"Assessment of severity of mechanical prosthetic mitral regurgitation by transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"90","author":"Vitarelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.059","article-title":"Real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of post-operative mitral annuloplasty ring and prosthetic valve dehiscence","volume":"53","author":"Kronzon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.09.028","article-title":"Utility of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating the success of percutaneous transcatheter closure of mitral paravalvular leaks","volume":"23","author":"Garcia-Fernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.11.022","article-title":"Value of colour Doppler three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the percutaneous closure of mitral prosthesis paravalvular leak","volume":"105","author":"Biner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib114","first-page":"741","article-title":"Transapical treatment of paravalvular leaks in patients with a logistic EuroSCORE of more than 15%: acute and 3-months outcomes of a \u201cproof of concept\u201d study","volume":"79","author":"Swaans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib115","first-page":"E72","article-title":"Evaluation of endothelialisation after percutaneous closure of paravalvular leaks","volume":"24","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invasive Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib116","first-page":"122","article-title":"Bioprosthetic leaflet erosion after percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak closure","volume":"3","author":"Rogers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.15420\/icr.2009.4.1.16","article-title":"3D echo-guidance for structural heart interventions","volume":"4","author":"Wunderlich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intervent Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865113000040?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865113000040?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:49:44Z","timestamp":1760006984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733865113000040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733865113000040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8651"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0733-8651"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Role of Echocardiography During Mitral Valve Percutaneous Interventions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cardiology Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}