{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T01:32:44Z","timestamp":1763602364186,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:42:38Z","timestamp":1761046958000},"page":"109-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Multimodality Imaging Approach for Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Zin T.","family":"Win","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Purvi","family":"Parwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009635","article-title":"\u201cMyocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA): it\u2019s time to face reality!\u201d","volume":"7","author":"Tamis-Holland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.035329","article-title":"Sex differences and clinical outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003443","article-title":"Mortality of myocardial infarction by sex, age, and obstructive coronary artery disease status in the ACTION Registry-GWTG (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get with the guidelines)","volume":"10","author":"Smilowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.007880","article-title":"Survival in patients with suspected myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis from the MINOCA Global Collaboration","volume":"14","author":"Pasupathy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2022.10.007","article-title":"Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis","volume":"42","author":"Alves da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e891","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000670","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of patients with myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Tamis-Holland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5497","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195497","article-title":"MINOCA: one size fits all? Probably not-a review of etiology, Investigation, and treatment","volume":"11","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026542","article-title":"Mechanisms of myocardial infarction in women without angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"124","author":"Reynolds","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022787","article-title":"Role of multimodality imaging in the assessment of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries: beyond conventional coronary angiography","volume":"11","author":"Gudenkauf","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e618","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000617","article-title":"Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018)","volume":"138","author":"Thygesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2Part B","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib11","first-page":"380","article-title":"Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: a contemporary systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Boivin-Proulx","year":"2023","journal-title":"CJC open"},{"issue":"5 2017","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib12","article-title":"Role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of MINOCA","volume":"12","author":"Daneshrad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"10 Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.010","article-title":"Myocardial infarction with nonobstructed coronary arteries: impact of CMR early after presentation","volume":"10","author":"Dastidar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.03.017","article-title":"Peak troponin and CMR to guide management in suspected ACS and nonobstructive coronary arteries","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2015.10.2.79","article-title":"Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries - diagnosis and management","volume":"10","author":"Pasupathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"European cardiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011201","article-title":"Systematic review of patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary arteries","volume":"131","author":"Pasupathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.816","article-title":"Myocarditis or \u201ctrue\u201d infarction by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary disease: a meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"241","author":"Tornvall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2011.01.005","article-title":"Diagnostic contributions of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients presenting with elevated troponin, acute chest pain syndrome and unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"104","author":"Leurent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.12.029","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic role of cardiac magnetic resonance in MINOCA: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Mileva","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead182","article-title":"CMR reclassifies the majority of patients with suspected MINOCA and non MINOCA","volume":"25","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2023.09.007","article-title":"Medium-Term prognostic implications of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1281","article-title":"Acute myocarditis: noninvasive evaluation with cardiac MRI and transthoracic echocardiography","volume":"192","author":"Goitein","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC White Paper","volume":"53","author":"Friedrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.118.007598","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of extracellular volume, native T1, and T2 mapping versus Lake louise criteria by cardiac magnetic resonance for detection of Acute Myocarditis: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1061","article-title":"Prognostic value of repeating cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with acute myocarditis","volume":"74","author":"Aquaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.992","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy","volume":"306","author":"Eitel","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2017:7:2","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance in takotsubo syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Bratis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.072","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: expert recommendations","volume":"72","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib29","article-title":"Role of cardiovascular imaging for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"5","author":"Agha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.22076","article-title":"Practical guide to evaluating myocardial disease by cardiac MRI","volume":"214","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJR. American journal of Roentgenology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xi","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2023.06.005","article-title":"Changing landscape of heart failure imaging","volume":"19","author":"Parwani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.111.963421","article-title":"Dynamic changes of edema and late gadolinium enhancement after acute myocardial infarction and their relationship to functional recovery and salvage index","volume":"4","author":"Dall\u2019Armellina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041041","article-title":"Role of cardiac magnetic resonance to improve risk prediction following acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"9","author":"Reindl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v12.i6.248","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries patients: a review","volume":"12","author":"Gatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.05.024","article-title":"Cardiac MRI endpoints in myocardial infarction experimental and clinical trials: JACC Scientific Expert Panel","volume":"74","author":"Ibanez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.05.016","article-title":"Prognostic role of early cardiac magnetic resonance in myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries","volume":"17","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC. Cardiovascular imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-023-01874-x","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of patients with MINOCA","volume":"25","author":"Parwani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.012","article-title":"Coronary CT angiography in patients with Non-ST-Segment elevation acute coronary syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Linde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01379-x","article-title":"The imaging toolbox to assess patients with suspected myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA)","volume":"22","author":"Talebi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2024.110389","article-title":"Prevalence of anomalies and variants of coronary arteries: a single center study by coronary CT angiography","volume":"119","author":"Gilan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Imag"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead060","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: the emerging role of coronary computed tomography","volume":"24","author":"Pergola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617753799","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: acute findings on coronary computed tomography angiography","volume":"8","author":"Tweet","year":"2019","journal-title":"European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.001676","article-title":"Coronary artery tortuosity in spontaneous coronary artery dissection: angiographic characteristics and clinical implications","volume":"7","author":"Eleid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions"},{"issue":"6 1446","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib44","article-title":"Added value of CCTA-Derived features to predict MACEs in stable patients undergoing coronary computed tomography","volume":"12","author":"Pergola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.12.011","article-title":"Natural history of spontaneous coronary artery dissection with spontaneous angiographic healing","volume":"12","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib46","first-page":"41","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: insights from computed tomography coronary angiography follow-up","volume":"135","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052008","article-title":"Coronary optical coherence tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to determine underlying causes of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries in women","volume":"143","author":"Reynolds","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-017-9628-1","article-title":"Role of PET to evaluate coronary microvascular dysfunction in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies","volume":"22","author":"Bravo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e875","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-21-00426","article-title":"Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"17","author":"Lindahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22571","article-title":"Stress Cardiac MRI in women with myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"39","author":"Mauricio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancard.2011.07.011","article-title":"Plaque rupture and morphological characteristics of the culprit lesion in acute coronary syndromes without significant angiographic lesion: analysis by intravascular ultrasound","volume":"61","author":"Ouldzein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Cardiol Angeiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307993","article-title":"Atherosclerotic plaque rupture: identifying the straw that breaks the Camel\u2019s back","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.10.011","article-title":"Pancoronary plaque vulnerability in patients with acute coronary syndrome and ruptured culprit plaque: a 3-vessel optical coherence tomography study","volume":"167","author":"Vergallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.5348\/ijcri-201670-CR-10658","article-title":"Calcified nodule as a cause of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"7","author":"Dugan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Case Rep Images"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.040","article-title":"Endogenous fibrinolysis: an important mediator of thrombus formation and cardiovascular risk","volume":"65","author":"Okafor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz520","article-title":"Relationship between coronary plaque morphology of the left anterior descending artery and 12 months clinical outcome: the CLIMA study","volume":"41","author":"Prati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.1.1","article-title":"Endothelium-derived relaxing factor and coronary vasospasm","volume":"80","author":"Vanhoutte","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020535","article-title":"Interplay between myocardial bridging and coronary spasm in patients with myocardial ischemia and non-obstructive coronary arteries: pathogenic and prognostic implications","volume":"10","author":"Montone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004096","article-title":"Clinical usefulness, angiographic characteristics, and safety evaluation of intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing among 921 consecutive white patients with unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"129","author":"Ong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for microvascular angina","volume":"250","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib61","first-page":"2565","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina","volume":"38","author":"Beltrame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.016","article-title":"Sex-related differences in vasomotor function in patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"70","author":"Aziz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"23 Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.006","article-title":"Stratified medical therapy using invasive coronary function testing in angina: the CorMicA Trial","volume":"72","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib64","first-page":"91","article-title":"Patients with acute myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries: safety and prognostic relevance of invasive coronary provocative tests","volume":"39","author":"Montone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs199","article-title":"Clinical implications of provocation tests for coronary artery spasm: safety, arrhythmic complications, and prognostic impact: Multicentre registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"34","author":"Takagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2024.05.001","article-title":"Coronary artery thromboembolism as a cause of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA)","volume":"79","author":"Ceasovschih","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol HJC"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib67","first-page":"143","article-title":"ESC working group position paper on myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"38","author":"Agewall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9 49","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib68","article-title":"Myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA): a review of the present and preview of the future","volume":"23","author":"Talebi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.015134","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical features, and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction attributable to coronary artery embolism","volume":"132","author":"Shibata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2022.07.004","article-title":"Coronary artery embolism and acute coronary syndrome: a critical appraisal of existing data","volume":"34","author":"Monin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)91180-0","article-title":"\u201cMicrovascular angina\u201d as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries","volume":"61","author":"Cannon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9 2880","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib72","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Vancheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib73","first-page":"5","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of coronary microvascular dysfunction among chest pain patients in the emergency department","volume":"9","author":"Safdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.072","article-title":"Insights from the NHLBI-Sponsored Women\u2019s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study: part I: gender differences in traditional and novel risk factors, symptom evaluation, and gender-optimized diagnostic strategies","volume":"47","author":"Shaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.11.022","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of CMR imaging compared with EMB in patients with suspected myocarditis","volume":"5","author":"Lurz","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00435-x","article-title":"Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: current evidence and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Tsch\u00f6pe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00010","article-title":"Systematic review: transient left ventricular apical ballooning: a syndrome that mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"141","author":"Bybee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01316-X","article-title":"Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: a novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan","volume":"38","author":"Tsuchihashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865125000645?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865125000645?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T01:30:55Z","timestamp":1763602255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733865125000645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733865125000645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8651"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0733-8651"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Multimodality Imaging Approach for Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cardiology Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2025.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}