{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:52:18Z","timestamp":1785905538798,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016819","name":"Octapharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:57:49Z","timestamp":1781668669000},"page":"429-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of Shock After Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Deschamps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren Jie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nakul","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luai","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chase","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamrouz","family":"Ghadimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13101506","article-title":"Biochemical changes in cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery: new insights","volume":"13","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Personalized Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.15420\/usc.2024.16","article-title":"Management of post-cardiotomy shock","volume":"18","author":"Hall","year":"2024","journal-title":"US Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.926957","article-title":"Definitions of low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery and their effect on the incidence of intraoperative LCOS: a literature review and cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Schoonen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14287","article-title":"Vasoactive inotropic score compared to the sequential organ failure assessment cardiovascular score in intensive care","volume":"67","author":"P\u00f6lkki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib5","article-title":"The utility and validation of SCAI-CSWG stages in patients with acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock","volume":"4","author":"Rajan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2006.00224.x","article-title":"Condition critical: can mechanical support prevent death due to postcardiotomy shock?","volume":"21","author":"Rao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2010.01045.x","article-title":"Mechanical support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock: has progress been made?","volume":"25","author":"Sylvin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.05.061","article-title":"Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy shock: risk factors for mortality","volume":"156","author":"Fux","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2023.11.040","article-title":"Should the vasoactive inotropic score be a determinant for early initiation of VA ECMO in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock?","volume":"38","author":"Caruso","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.521","article-title":"2016 ACC\/AHA clinical performance and quality measures for adults with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter","volume":"68","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.08.020","article-title":"\u201cTamponade\u201d following cardiac surgery: terminology and echocardiography may both mislead","volume":"26","author":"Price","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib12","first-page":"903","article-title":"Complete hemodynamic profiling with pulmonary artery catheters in cardiogenic shock is associated with lower In-Hospital mortality","volume":"8","author":"Garan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC: Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2023.06.002","article-title":"Management of vasoplegic shock in the cardiovascular intensive care unit after cardiac surgery","volume":"40","author":"Suero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E020","DOI":"10.1532\/hsf.4297","article-title":"Diagnostic value of procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 on early postoperative pneumonia after adult cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study: a prospective observational study","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"HSF"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.02.047","article-title":"Vasoplegic syndrome in cardiac surgery: a narrative review of etiologic mechanisms and therapeutic options","volume":"39","author":"Polyak","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh280","article-title":"Prediction of fluid responsiveness in patients during cardiac surgery","volume":"93","author":"Rex","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2945","article-title":"Thermodilution vs estimated fick cardiac output measurement in clinical practice: an analysis of mortality from the veterans affairs clinical assessment, reporting, and tracking (VA CART) program and vanderbilt university","volume":"2","author":"Opotowsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.04.030","article-title":"Mixed venous oxygen saturation has a poor association with cardiac index during early intensive care unit stay after cardiac surgery","volume":"39","author":"Holm","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib19","article-title":"Cardiac output measurements via echocardiography versus thermodilution: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei262","article-title":"Predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: functional haemodynamic parameters including the respiratory systolic variation test and static preload indicators","volume":"95","author":"Preisman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.04.035","article-title":"Right ventricular function is reduced during cardiac surgery independent of procedural characteristics, reoperative status, or pericardiotomy","volume":"159","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2014.08.015","article-title":"Bedside ultrasonographic measurement of the inferior vena cava fails to predict fluid responsiveness in the first 6 hours after cardiac surgery: a prospective case series observational study","volume":"29","author":"Sobczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3468015","article-title":"Accuracy of cardiac output by nine different pulse contour algorithms in cardiac surgery patients: a comparison with transpulmonary thermodilution","volume":"2016","author":"Broch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0318","article-title":"Comparing pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure for assessment of left-sided filling pressures","volume":"3","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1922","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock \u2013 a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"22","author":"Chioncel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074312","article-title":"The transpulmonary pressure gradient for the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease","volume":"41","author":"Naeije","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001479","article-title":"Effect of perioperative goal-directed hemodynamic resuscitation therapy on outcomes following cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Osawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043080","article-title":"Value of hemodynamic monitoring in patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing mechanical circulatory support","volume":"141","author":"Saxena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.12.006","article-title":"Perioperative care in cardiac surgery: a joint consensus statement by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) cardiac Society, ERAS International Society, and the Society of thoracic surgeons (STS)","volume":"117","author":"Grant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04834-1","article-title":"Coexistence of a fluid responsive state and venous congestion signals in critically ill patients: a multicenter observational proof-of-concept study","volume":"28","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15697","article-title":"Assessing the venous system: correlation of mean systemic filling pressure with the venous excess ultrasound grading system in cardiac surgery","volume":"40","author":"Utrilla-Alvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1707-0","article-title":"Early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy impacts mortality in patients with acute kidney injury post cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.03.033","article-title":"STS\/SCA\/AmSECT\/SABM update to the Clinical Practice Guidelines on patient blood management","volume":"112","author":"Tibi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07488-3","article-title":"Twenty percent human albumin solution fluid bolus administration therapy in patients after cardiac surgery-II: a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Wigmore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2025.1683","article-title":"Postoperative 20% albumin infusion and acute kidney injury in high-risk cardiac surgery patients: the ALBICS AKI randomized clinical trial","volume":"160","author":"Shehabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2024.12.041","article-title":"The renal effect of 20% human albumin solution fluid bolus therapy in patients after cardiac surgery. A secondary analysis of the HAS FLAIR II randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Wigmore","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.009","article-title":"Intravenous albumin in cardiac and vascular surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Skubas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31825b8e20","article-title":"Transfusion-related acute lung injury in cardiac surgery patients is characterized by pulmonary inflammation and coagulopathy: a prospective nested case-control study","volume":"40","author":"Vlaar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1446","article-title":"Transfusion requirements after cardiac surgery: the TRACS randomized controlled trial","volume":"304","author":"Hajjar","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1711818","article-title":"Restrictive or liberal red-cell transfusion for cardiac surgery","volume":"377","author":"Mazer","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403612","article-title":"Liberal or restrictive transfusion after cardiac surgery","volume":"372","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.3501","article-title":"Prothrombin complex concentrate vs frozen plasma for coagulopathic bleeding in cardiac surgery: the FARES-II multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"333","author":"Karkouti","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.06.030","article-title":"Viscoelastic blood tests use in adult cardiac surgery: meta-analysis, meta-regression, and trial sequential analysis","volume":"34","author":"Meco","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199710000-00019","article-title":"Epinephrine-induced lactic acidosis following cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"25","author":"Totaro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1361","article-title":"Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of hyperlactatemia after cardiac surgery","volume":"123","author":"Maillet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/201749007","article-title":"Hyperlactatemia and cardiac surgery","volume":"49","author":"Minton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Extra Corpor Technol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.029787","article-title":"State of shock: contemporary vasopressor and inotrope use in cardiogenic shock","volume":"12","author":"Bloom","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845","article-title":"Milrinone as compared with dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock","volume":"385","author":"Mathew","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2022.101245","article-title":"Meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of dobutamine versus milrinone in acute decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock","volume":"48","author":"Biswas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004593","article-title":"Patient-Clinician-and institution-level variation in inotrope use for cardiac surgery: a multicenter observational analysis","volume":"139","author":"Mathis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib51","first-page":"00054-1","article-title":"Optimal inotropic support strategy in low cardiac output syndrome","volume":"S1043-0679","author":"Miles","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199806000-00030","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of the effects of multiple vasodilators on human internal mammary artery","volume":"88","author":"Huraux","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616325","article-title":"Levosimendan for hemodynamic support after cardiac surgery","volume":"376","author":"Landoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616218","article-title":"Levosimendan in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"376","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001434","article-title":"Vasopressin versus norepinephrine in patients with vasoplegic shock after cardiac surgery: the VANCS randomized controlled trial","volume":"126","author":"Hajjar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib56","first-page":"00978-X","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of vasopressin versus norepinephrine in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a single-center, cluster-randomized crossover trial","volume":"S0022-5223","author":"Geube","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.4528","article-title":"Association of vasopressin plus catecholamine vasopressors vs catecholamines alone with atrial fibrillation in patients with distributive shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"319","author":"McIntyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04322-y","article-title":"An updated \u201cnorepinephrine equivalent\u201d score in intensive care as a marker of shock severity","volume":"27","author":"Kotani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P468","article-title":"Impact of early postoperative hydrocortisone administration in cardiac surgical patients after cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"45","author":"Ensor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.05.026","article-title":"Hydroxocobalamin for vasoplegia in cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"135","author":"Zakaria","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704154","article-title":"Angiotensin II for the treatment of vasodilatory shock","volume":"377","author":"Khanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.08.001","article-title":"Treatment with angiotensin II is associated with rapid blood pressure response and vasopressor sparing in patients with vasoplegia after cardiac surgery: a post-hoc analysis of angiotensin II for the treatment of high-output shock (ATHOS-3) study","volume":"35","author":"Klijian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062464","article-title":"Inhaled epoprostenol compared with nitric oxide for right ventricular support after major cardiac surgery","volume":"148","author":"Ghadimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.5856","article-title":"Inhaled pulmonary vasodilator therapy in adult lung transplant: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"157","author":"Ghadimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-018-0093-1","article-title":"The use of milrinone in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn - a randomised controlled trial pilot study (MINT 1): study protocol and review of literature","volume":"4","author":"EL-Khuffash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib66","first-page":"300","article-title":"Positive pressure ventilation in cardiogenic shock: review of the evidence and practical advice for patients with mechanical circulatory support","volume":"36","author":"Alviar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198206000-00002","article-title":"Cardiac performance in response to PEEP in patients with cardiac dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Grace","year":"1982","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pap.0000249925.76324.47","article-title":"Cardiovascular manifestations of sedatives and analgesics in the critical care unit","volume":"16","author":"Darrouj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35692-2","article-title":"Beneficial effects of endotracheal extubation on ventricular performance. Implications for early extubation after cardiac operations","volume":"95","author":"Gall","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14280","article-title":"Effect of a low vs intermediate tidal volume strategy on ventilator-free days in intensive care unit patients without ARDS: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"320","author":"Simonis","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01912-8","article-title":"Maintenance of low driving pressure in patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome significantly affects outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13224-y","article-title":"Usefulness of low tidal volume ventilation strategy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib73","first-page":"zuae036","article-title":"PEEP trial and effect on hemodynamic in cardiogenic shock","volume":"13","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib74","first-page":"790","article-title":"Positive end-expiratory pressure following coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"78","author":"Dongelmans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"8 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2023.03.023","article-title":"Modifiable mechanical ventilation targets are associated with improved survival in ventilated VA-ECLS patients","volume":"11","author":"Rali","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060515621443","article-title":"Intra-aortic balloon pump combined with mechanical ventilation for treating patients aged > 60 years in cardiogenic shock: retrospective analysis","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2025.03.024","article-title":"Temporary mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock: executive summary of the joint consensus reports of the PeriOperative quality initiative and the enhanced recovery after surgery cardiac society","volume":"120","author":"Grant","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2025.01.038","article-title":"Escalation and De-escalation of temporary mechanical circulatory support: joint consensus report of the PeriOperative quality initiative and the enhanced recovery after surgery cardiac society","volume":"120","author":"Spelde","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2025.01.039","article-title":"Best management practices on temporary mechanical circulatory support: joint consensus report of the PeriOperative quality initiative and the enhanced recovery after surgery cardiac society","volume":"120","author":"Deschamps","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2025.01.040","article-title":"Definitions of cardiogenic shock and indications for temporary mechanical circulatory support: joint consensus report of the PeriOperative quality initiative and the enhanced recovery after surgery cardiac society","volume":"120","author":"Grant","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.005","article-title":"Early versus bail-out left ventricular unloading during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Picado-Loaiza","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.668","article-title":"Concomitant implantation of impella\u00ae on top of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may improve survival of patients with cardiogenic shock","volume":"19","author":"Pappalardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.01.011","article-title":"Improved clinical outcomes associated with the Impella 5.5 compared to the Impella 5.0 in contemporary cardiogenic shock and heart failure patients","volume":"42","author":"Ramzy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001076","article-title":"Escalating and De-escalating temporary mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"146","author":"Geller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-023-01843-4","article-title":"Review of pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock and escalation of mechanical circulatory support devices","volume":"25","author":"Pahuja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6045","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-194","article-title":"The use of perioperative Impella 5.5 support in high-risk cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Eisenga","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.10.104","article-title":"Alternative right ventricular assist device implantation technique for patients with perioperative right ventricular failure","volume":"149","author":"Saeed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000557","article-title":"Cardiac surgery unit advanced life support training: a 10-Year retrospective study examining patient mortality outcomes after implementation","volume":"42","author":"Whitlock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.10.033","article-title":"The society of thoracic surgeons expert consensus for the resuscitation of patients who arrest after cardiac surgery","volume":"103","author":"Dunning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Cardiology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865126000457?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733865126000457?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:40:31Z","timestamp":1785904831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733865126000457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733865126000457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8651","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management of Shock After Cardiac Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cardiology Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2026.05.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}