{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:16:48Z","timestamp":1790320608023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,26]],"date-time":"2012-05-26T17:08:08Z","timestamp":1338052088000},"page":"199-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Airway Defense Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Grant W.","family":"Waterer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.3_Supplement.217S","article-title":"Host-microbial interrelationships in respiratory infection","volume":"95","author":"Cole","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.6.8970383","article-title":"Mucociliary clearance in the airways","volume":"154","author":"Wanner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201103-025SD","article-title":"Spectrum of clinical diseases caused by disorders of primary cilia","volume":"8","author":"Ware","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13e39.x","article-title":"Regulation of mucociliary clearance in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Houtmeyers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7083","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04712","article-title":"The ABC protein turned chloride channel whose failure causes cystic fibrosis","volume":"440","author":"Gadsby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000195748","article-title":"Mucus as a natural barrier","volume":"55","author":"Lopez-Vidriero","year":"1989","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.05.039","article-title":"Toll-like receptors","volume":"21","author":"Moresco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021633","article-title":"Regulatory T cells selectively express toll-like receptors and are activated by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"197","author":"Caramalho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0388OC","article-title":"Activation of airway epithelial cells by toll-like receptor agonists","volume":"31","author":"Sha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.061358","article-title":"Innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma and bronchiectasis","volume":"62","author":"Simpson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.09.157","article-title":"Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae lipoprotein P6 induces MUC5AC mucin transcription via TLR2-TAK1-dependent p38 MAPK-AP1 and IKKbeta-IkappaBalpha-NF-kappaB signaling pathways","volume":"324","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L693","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00491.2006","article-title":"TNF-alpha induces MUC1 gene transcription in lung epithelial cells: its signaling pathway and biological implication","volume":"293","author":"Koga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00001402","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces MUC5AC production via epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"20","author":"Kohri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.3890","article-title":"Cutting edge: enhanced pulmonary clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Muc1 knockout mice","volume":"176","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/ni945","article-title":"An essential role for NOD1 in host recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan containing diaminopimelic acid","volume":"4","author":"Chamaillard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"5625","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084677","article-title":"Nod1 detects a unique muropeptide from gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan","volume":"300","author":"Girardin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200651200","article-title":"Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (MDP) detection","volume":"278","author":"Girardin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601962","article-title":"A\u00a0critical role of RICK\/RIP2 polyubiquitination in Nod-induced NF-kappaB activation","volume":"27","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1079","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus protein A induces airway epithelial inflammatory responses by activating TNFR1","volume":"10","author":"Gomez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3377","article-title":"Cutting edge: myeloid differentiation factor 88 is essential for pulmonary host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"172","author":"Skerrett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1408","article-title":"Dectin-1 is required for beta-glucan recognition and control of fungal infection","volume":"8","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81549-1","article-title":"Two distinct classes of carbohydrate-recognition domains in animal lectins","volume":"263","author":"Drickamer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-009-9319-3","article-title":"Dectin-1 is inducible and plays an essential role for mycobacteria-induced innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05493-11","article-title":"Neutrophils produce interleukin 17A (IL-17A) in a dectin-1- and IL-23-dependent manner during invasive fungal infection","volume":"79","author":"Werner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21323","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.35.21323","article-title":"Characterization of a novel member of the macrophage mannose receptor type C lectin family","volume":"271","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200808-1250OC","article-title":"Human neutrophil peptides and phagocytic deficiency in bronchiectatic lungs","volume":"180","author":"Voglis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.3.568-571.1987","article-title":"Extracellular release of antimicrobial defensins by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"55","author":"Ganz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(01)00442-2","article-title":"Detection of beta-defensins secreted by human oral epithelial cells","volume":"256","author":"Diamond","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3283438dea","article-title":"Innate immunity in the small intestine","volume":"27","author":"Santaolalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-1-116","article-title":"Innate immune defences in the human endometrium","volume":"1","author":"King","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042692699","article-title":"Discovery of five conserved beta-defensin gene clusters using a computational search strategy","volume":"99","author":"Schutte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01430.x","article-title":"Expression of beta-defensin 1 and 2 mRNA by human monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells","volume":"106","author":"Duits","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-2186-9","article-title":"Cathelicidins\u2013a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides","volume":"60","author":"Bals","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2005.01.001","article-title":"The human cathelicidin LL-37: a multifunctional peptide involved in infection and inflammation in the lung","volume":"18","author":"Tjabringa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2011.08.002","article-title":"Antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of cathelicidin peptides against pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"32","author":"Pompilio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.917311.x","article-title":"Collectins and pulmonary innate immunity","volume":"173","author":"Crouch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1528","article-title":"Immunoregulatory functions of surfactant proteins","volume":"5","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib38","first-page":"S7","article-title":"New concepts in collectin-mediated host defense at the air-liquid interface of the lung","volume":"11","author":"McCormack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib39","first-page":"L310","article-title":"Surfactant protein A protects growing cells and reduces TNF-alpha activity from LPS-stimulated macrophages","volume":"271","author":"McIntosh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L840","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.4.L840","article-title":"Surfactant-associated protein A inhibits LPS-induced cytokine and nitric oxide production in\u00a0vivo","volume":"278","author":"Borron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L854","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00439.2002","article-title":"Surfactant protein A enhances apoptotic cell uptake and TGF-beta1 release by inflammatory alveolar macrophages","volume":"285","author":"Reidy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)40872-6","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a potent bactericidal and membrane active protein from the granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"253","author":"Weiss","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4770","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.12.4770","article-title":"The bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is present in specific granules of human eosinophils","volume":"91","author":"Calafat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052533799","article-title":"Lipid mediator-induced expression of bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in human mucosal epithelia","volume":"99","author":"Canny","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.4.1185-1191.1994","article-title":"Competition between rBPI23, a recombinant fragment of bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein for binding to LPS and gram-negative bacteria","volume":"62","author":"Gazzano-Santoro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02066-05","article-title":"Expression and antimicrobial function of bactericidal permeability-increasing protein in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"74","author":"Aichele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115930","article-title":"Human bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein and a recombinant NH2-terminal fragment cause killing of serum-resistant gram-negative bacteria in whole blood and inhibit tumor necrosis factor release induced by the bacteria","volume":"90","author":"Weiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1113","article-title":"The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity","volume":"5","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.04.029","article-title":"Complement in human diseases: lessons from complement deficiencies","volume":"46","author":"Botto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.08.004","article-title":"Cytosolic DNA sensors regulating type I interferon induction","volume":"32","author":"Keating","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80904-0","article-title":"Murine interferon lambdas (type III interferons) exhibit potent antiviral activity in\u00a0vivo in a poxvirus infection model","volume":"86","author":"Bartlett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.09.024","article-title":"After interleukin-12p40, are interleukin-23 and interleukin-17 the next therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease?","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.08.018","article-title":"Interleukin-17 family members and inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Kolls","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050193","article-title":"Divergent roles of IL-23 and IL-12 in host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"202","author":"Happel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L519","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00312.2006","article-title":"IL-23 mediates inflammatory responses to mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice","volume":"292","author":"Dubin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.10.002","article-title":"IL-17 family member cytokines: regulation and function in innate immunity","volume":"21","author":"Reynolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib57","first-page":"102","article-title":"Chemokines: function, regulation and alteration of inflammatory responses","volume":"72","author":"Lukacs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.1999.00858.x","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors in infectious diseases","volume":"77","author":"Mahalingam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00507-6","article-title":"Association between airway bacterial load and markers of airway inflammation in patients with stable chronic bronchitis","volume":"109","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/9.5.489","article-title":"Interleukin-8-induced transcellular neutrophil migration is facilitated by endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Smart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.5.559","article-title":"Essential involvement of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in acute inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Harada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.3.9606120","article-title":"The chemotactic activity of sputum from patients with bronchiectasis","volume":"157","author":"Mikami","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0422","article-title":"Advances in neutrophil biology: clinical implications","volume":"134","author":"Cowburn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02237.x","article-title":"Neutrophil granules in health and disease","volume":"268","author":"Hager","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48110-0","article-title":"25-kDa NH2-terminal fragment carries all the antibacterial activities of the human neutrophil 60-kDa bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein","volume":"262","author":"Ooi","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.40.10.1217","article-title":"Cells containing IgA subclasses in bronchi of subjects with and without chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"40","author":"Burnett","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.116.4.892","article-title":"Neutrophil receptors for IgG and complement: their roles in the attachment and ingestion phases of phagocytosis","volume":"116","author":"Scribner","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02951.x","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency and the complement system; low mannose-binding lectin levels are associated with bronchiectasis","volume":"142","author":"Fevang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102162","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline protease blocks complement activation via the classical and lectin pathways","volume":"188","author":"Laarman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-10-25","article-title":"Respiratory burst function of ovine neutrophils","volume":"10","author":"Tung","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02501.x","article-title":"The human NADPH oxidase: primary and secondary defects impairing the respiratory burst function and the microbicidal ability of phagocytes","volume":"73","author":"de Oliveira-Junior","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9906120","article-title":"An investigation into causative factors in patients with bronchiectasis","volume":"162","author":"Pasteur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03091.x","article-title":"Assessing immune function in adult bronchiectasis","volume":"144","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5663","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200606027","article-title":"Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"176","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6419","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-171629","article-title":"Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation: a novel innate immune deficiency of human neonates","volume":"113","author":"Yost","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200410-1384SO","article-title":"Pulmonary dendritic cells","volume":"172","author":"Vermaelen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2003.11107806.x","article-title":"Airway dendritic cells: co-ordinators of immunological homeostasis and immunity in the respiratory tract","volume":"111","author":"Stumbles","year":"2003","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.149.6.1504","article-title":"Origin, kinetics, and characteristics of pulmonary macrophages in the normal steady state","volume":"149","author":"van oud Alblas","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.154.2.235","article-title":"Origin and kinetics of pulmonary macrophages during an inflammatory reaction induced by intravenous administration of heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Guerin","volume":"154","author":"Blusse van oud Alblas","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.1.4","article-title":"Phagocytosis and killing of common bacterial pathogens of the lung by human alveolar macrophages","volume":"152","author":"Jonsson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1136","article-title":"Bone marrow plasmacytoid dendritic cells can differentiate into myeloid dendritic cells upon virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Zuniga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115633","article-title":"IPC: professional type 1 interferon-producing cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3578","article-title":"Modulation of dendritic cell trafficking to and from the airways","volume":"176","author":"Jakubzick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.6.2429","article-title":"Dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli","volume":"184","author":"McWilliam","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1246","article-title":"Dendritic-cell control of pathogen-driven T-cell polarization","volume":"3","author":"Kapsenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0311134","article-title":"Lung dendritic cells at the innate-adaptive immune interface","volume":"90","author":"Condon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.6.863","article-title":"Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens","volume":"194","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402170","article-title":"NK cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"15","author":"Moretta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1258\/000456307780117993","article-title":"The clinical significance of immunoglobulin A deficiency","volume":"44","author":"Latiff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01974.x","article-title":"Humoral immunity and bronchiectasis","volume":"130","author":"Stead","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114836","article-title":"The immunoglobulin G subclass composition of immune complexes in cystic fibrosis. Implications for the pathogenesis of the Pseudomonas lung lesion","volume":"86","author":"Hornick","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib93","first-page":"121","article-title":"Bacterial blocking activity of specific IgG in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"19","author":"Guttman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5977","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1180346","article-title":"Dysregulated humoral immunity to nontyphoidal Salmonella in HIV-infected African adults","volume":"328","author":"MacLennan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1139\/o05-146","article-title":"A\u00a0molecular view of cytotoxic T lymphocyte induced killing","volume":"83","author":"Bleackley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib96","first-page":"249482","article-title":"Direct microbicidal activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes","volume":"2010","author":"Oykhman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.423","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in autoimmunity","volume":"18","author":"Shevach","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0187-y","article-title":"Development, regulation and functional capacities of Th17 cells","volume":"32","author":"Hirota","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"5663","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094351","article-title":"A\u00a0toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5728","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","article-title":"TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein","volume":"308","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-007-9075-1","article-title":"Long-term follow-up and outcome of a large cohort of patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"27","author":"Quinti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.10.655","article-title":"Common variable immune deficiency: respiratory manifestations, pulmonary function and high-resolution CT scan findings","volume":"95","author":"Thickett","year":"2002","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.01.038","article-title":"Molecular basis of common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"117","author":"Castigli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199611000-00001","article-title":"X-linked agammaglobulinemia. A clinical and molecular analysis","volume":"75","author":"Ochs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000229482.27398.ad","article-title":"X-linked agammaglobulinemia: report on a United States registry of 201 patients","volume":"85","author":"Winkelstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199312000-00010","article-title":"Clinical significance of IgG subclasses","volume":"5","author":"Herrod","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90887-1","article-title":"Selective defect in the antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b in children with recurrent infections and normal serum IgG subclass levels","volume":"81","author":"Ambrosino","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib108","first-page":"125","article-title":"Selective deficiency in pneumococcal antibody response in children with recurrent infections","volume":"75","author":"Epstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60962-3","article-title":"Selective IgM immunodeficiency: retrospective analysis of 36 adult patients with review of the literature","volume":"97","author":"Goldstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000100046.06009.b0","article-title":"The X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome: clinical and immunologic features of 79 patients","volume":"82","author":"Winkelstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027252311200038X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027252311200038X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:46:15Z","timestamp":1759452375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027252311200038X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S027252311200038X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-5231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-5231","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Airway Defense Mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Chest Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}