{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:51:56Z","timestamp":1782417116350,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T16:18:34Z","timestamp":1731773914000},"page":"159-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pulmonary Immunocompromise in Chronic and High-dose Steroid Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Mohleen","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Cavallazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker017","article-title":"Prevalence of long-term oral glucocorticoid prescriptions in the UK over the past 20 years","volume":"50","author":"Fardet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21796","article-title":"Prevalence of oral glucocorticoid usage in the United States: a general population perspective","volume":"65","author":"Overman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.2.105","article-title":"Use of oral corticosteroids in the United Kingdom","volume":"93","author":"van Staa","year":"2000","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.1.32","article-title":"Prevalence of long term steroid treatment and the frequency of decision making to prevent steroid induced osteoporosis in daily clinical practice","volume":"61","author":"Gudbjornsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7053","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7053.344","article-title":"Use of oral corticosteroids in the community and the prevention of secondary osteoporosis: a cross sectional study","volume":"313","author":"Walsh","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13649","article-title":"Prevalence and prescribing patterns of oral corticosteroids in the United States, Taiwan, and Denmark, 2009-2018","volume":"16","author":"Wallace","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14114","article-title":"High prescription rate of oral glucocorticoids in children and adults: a retrospective cohort study from Western Sweden","volume":"92","author":"Einarsdottir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j1415","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1415","article-title":"Short term use of oral corticosteroids and related harms among adults in the United States: population based cohort study","volume":"357","author":"Waljee","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015237","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015237","article-title":"Systemic glucocorticoid use in Denmark: a population-based prevalence study","volume":"7","author":"Laugesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015905","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015905","article-title":"Prevalence and prescription patterns of oral glucocorticoids in adults: a retrospective cross-sectional and cohort analysis in France","volume":"7","author":"B\u00e9nard-Laribi\u00e8re","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39205","article-title":"IgG4-Related disease: clinical and laboratory features in one hundred twenty-five patients","volume":"67","author":"Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, NJ)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0903SO","article-title":"Systematic literature review of systemic corticosteroid use for asthma management","volume":"201","author":"Bleecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S375190","article-title":"Real-world treatment of patients newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective German claims data analysis","volume":"17","author":"Buhl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-84-3-304","article-title":"Glucocorticosteroid therapy: mechanisms of action and clinical considerations","volume":"84","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1","article-title":"Immune regulation by glucocorticoids","volume":"17","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.01.010","article-title":"Steroid-induced secondary immune deficiency","volume":"130","author":"Mustafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"9398","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14904-5","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections","volume":"362","author":"Lionakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.128637","article-title":"High disease activity is associated with an increased risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Au","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1692","article-title":"Initiation of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 antagonists and the risk of hospitalization for infection in patients with autoimmune diseases","volume":"306","author":"Grijalva","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1594","article-title":"Risk for serious infection with low-dose glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis : a cohort study","volume":"173","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200702","article-title":"Immediate and delayed impact of oral glucocorticoid therapy on risk of serious infection in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control analysis","volume":"71","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R139","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3453","article-title":"The association between systemic glucocorticoid therapy and the risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"13","author":"Dixon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002024","article-title":"Common infections in patients prescribed systemic glucocorticoids in primary care: a population-based cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Fardet","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib24","first-page":"387","article-title":"The risk of hospitalized infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Smitten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21568","article-title":"Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: associations with prednisone, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy","volume":"54","author":"Wolfe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000407","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2019-000407","article-title":"COPD exacerbations: the impact of long versus short courses of oral corticosteroids on mortality and pneumonia: nationwide data on 67 000 patients with COPD followed for 12 months","volume":"6","author":"Sivapalan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy723","article-title":"Prevalence and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients","volume":"68","author":"Di Pasquale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad565","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad565","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in the immunocompromised host: epidemiology and outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Ramirez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206780","article-title":"Which individuals are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease and why? Impact of COPD, asthma, smoking, diabetes, and\/or chronic heart disease on community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"70","author":"Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044113","article-title":"Asthma as a risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"352","author":"Talbot","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7203a1","article-title":"Pneumococcal vaccine for adults aged \u226519 Years: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices, United States, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70175-6","article-title":"Influenza in immunosuppressed populations: a review of infection frequency, morbidity, mortality, and vaccine responses","volume":"9","author":"Kunisaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4353","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1927","article-title":"Effectiveness of influenza vaccine for preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations in immunocompromised adults","volume":"73","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit684","article-title":"2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host","volume":"58","author":"Rubin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7206a2","article-title":"Advisory committee on immunization practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 Years or older - United States, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Murthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib36","first-page":"760","article-title":"Influence of corticosteroid therapy on the serum antibody response to influenza vaccine in elderly patients with chronic pulmonary diseases","volume":"12","author":"Inoue","year":"2013","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"issue":"supplement_3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S221","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.supplement_3.ats600","article-title":"Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"161","author":"Society","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21705","article-title":"Glucocorticoid use, other associated factors, and the risk of tuberculosis","volume":"55","author":"Jick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030464","article-title":"Bacterial infections associated with immunosuppressive agents commonly used in patients with interstitial lung diseases","volume":"12","author":"Chaaban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.02.1240","article-title":"Prevention and management of glucocorticoid-induced side effects: a comprehensive review: infectious complications and vaccination recommendations","volume":"76","author":"Caplan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.6.1653","article-title":"Lung disease due to the more common nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"129","author":"Field","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201205-0825OC","article-title":"Environment or host?: a case-control study of risk factors for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease","volume":"186","author":"Dirac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206470","article-title":"Increased risk of mycobacterial infections associated with anti-rheumatic medications","volume":"70","author":"Brode","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206291","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"70","author":"Kosmidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.9844","article-title":"Prophylaxis against pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in adults","volume":"330","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib46","first-page":"671","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in rheumatic disease: a 20-year single-centre experience","volume":"35","author":"Mecoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.5","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy","volume":"71","author":"Yale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2016.0093","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections, version 2.2016, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"14","author":"Baden","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223335","article-title":"2022 EULAR recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of chronic and opportunistic infections in adults with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases","volume":"82","author":"Fragoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13587","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13587","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the American society of transplantation infectious diseases community of practice","volume":"33","author":"Fishman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211796","article-title":"Prophylactic effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic diseases exposed to prolonged high-dose glucocorticoids","volume":"77","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05660-4","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"40","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-0883-0","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and other infections in idiopathic inflammatory myositis","volume":"22","author":"Mecoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib54","first-page":"29","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis patients: risks and prophylaxis recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Mori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8846","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008846","article-title":"Severe infections in sarcoidosis: incidence, predictors and long-term outcome in a cohort of 585 patients","volume":"96","author":"Dur\u00e9ault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.01.020","article-title":"Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome: an emerging global infectious disease","volume":"102","author":"Marcos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-78","article-title":"Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review of case reports","volume":"13","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272523124001035?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272523124001035?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T11:09:30Z","timestamp":1749553770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272523124001035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272523124001035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-5231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-5231","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pulmonary Immunocompromise in Chronic and High-dose Steroid Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Chest Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}