{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:18:32Z","timestamp":1785525512005,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,5,26]],"date-time":"2027-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1811289600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":359,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007161","name":"Boston University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL171499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL171499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI162850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI162850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI115053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI115053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:18:01Z","timestamp":1774484281000},"page":"215-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Host\u2013Pathogen Interactions Leading to Pneumonia Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Mizgerd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib1","article-title":"The role of the respiratory tract microbiome in the development of pneumonia","author":"Dickson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib2","article-title":"Variations in host vulnerability to pneumonia","author":"Evans","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-082323-031642","article-title":"The integrated pulmonary immune response to pneumonia","volume":"43","author":"Traber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00004.2021","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus","volume":"102","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2023","article-title":"Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides: from host defense to therapeutic strategies","volume":"104","author":"Di","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170501","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI170501","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and infection: evolving concepts of therapeutic targeting","volume":"133","author":"Malainou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.020","article-title":"Patrolling alveolar macrophages conceal bacteria from the immune system to maintain homeostasis","volume":"183","author":"Neupane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110169","article-title":"A specialized population of monocyte-derived tracheal macrophages promote airway epithelial regeneration through a CCR2-dependent mechanism","volume":"27","author":"Ysasi","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.02.020","article-title":"Respiratory aspects of primary ciliary dyskinesia","volume":"45","author":"De Jes\u00fas-Rojas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0066-3","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis","volume":"5","author":"Trapnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0210OC","article-title":"Earliest innate immune responses require macrophage RelA during pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"45","author":"Pittet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2017","article-title":"Integrative physiology of pneumonia","volume":"98","author":"Quinton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix159","article-title":"Capacity of pneumococci to activate macrophage nuclear factor kappaB: influence on necroptosis and pneumonia severity","volume":"216","author":"Coleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0114OC","article-title":"Roles of lung epithelium in neutrophil recruitment during pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"50","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0261OC","article-title":"Epithelial cell-derived secreted and transmembrane 1a signals to activated neutrophils during pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"55","author":"Kamata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115294","article-title":"Lung CD4(+) resident memory T cells use airway secretory cells to stimulate and regulate onset of allergic airway neutrophilic disease","volume":"44","author":"Ravi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177084","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.177084","article-title":"Transcriptomic responses of lung mesenchymal cells during pneumonia","volume":"10","author":"Soucy","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170499","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI170499","article-title":"Pulmonary inflammation and fibroblast immunoregulation: from bench to bedside","volume":"133","author":"Ghonim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00470-2","article-title":"Leukocyte trafficking to the lungs and beyond: lessons from influenza for COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Alon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.006","article-title":"The neutrophil","volume":"54","author":"Burn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.08.010","article-title":"Biology of lung macrophages in health and disease","volume":"55","author":"Aegerter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.036","article-title":"Human inherited CCR2 deficiency underlies progressive polycystic lung disease","volume":"187","author":"Neehus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2019.0207","article-title":"B cell activation and response regulation during viral infections","volume":"33","author":"Lam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"issue":"149","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180019","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0019-2018","article-title":"The broad spectrum of lung diseases in primary antibody deficiencies","volume":"27","author":"Cinetto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.014","article-title":"Pulmonary immunocompromise in human immunodeficiency virus disease","volume":"46","author":"Attia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182238","article-title":"Pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19: focus on interstitial lung disease","volume":"12","author":"Johnston","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185072","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI185072","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 and YAP lead epithelial cells astray after severe respiratory infection","volume":"134","author":"Hiller","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e176828","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI176828","article-title":"Viral infection induces inflammatory signals that coordinate YAP regulation of dysplastic cells in lung alveoli","volume":"134","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01975-x","article-title":"Profibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages are expanded in patients with persistent respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities after COVID-19","volume":"25","author":"Bailey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"8035","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07926-8","article-title":"An aberrant immune-epithelial progenitor niche drives viral lung sequelae","volume":"634","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"55","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb6808","article-title":"T resident helper cells promote humoral responses in the lung","volume":"6","author":"Swarnalekha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e122728","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.122728","article-title":"BAFF-driven B cell hyperplasia underlies lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"4","author":"Maglione","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202406-651ST","article-title":"Postinfectious pulmonary complications: establishing research priorities to advance the field: an official American Thoracic Society workshop report","volume":"21","author":"Auld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201801-0139WS","article-title":"Future research directions in pneumonia. NHLBI working group report","volume":"198","author":"Dela Cruz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143380","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143380","article-title":"Recent endemic coronavirus infection is associated with less-severe COVID-19","volume":"131","author":"Sagar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"751","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ado7588","article-title":"Heterotypic immunity from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection but not COVID-19 vaccination associates with lower endemic coronavirus incidence","volume":"16","author":"Bean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.43","article-title":"Regionally compartmentalized resident memory T cells mediate naturally acquired protection against pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e133042","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133042","article-title":"Pneumonia recovery reprograms the alveolar macrophage pool","volume":"5","author":"Guillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141810","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141810","article-title":"Lung-resident memory B cells protect against bacterial pneumonia","volume":"131","author":"Barker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0313180","article-title":"Lung-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) are indispensable for optimal cross-protection against pulmonary virus infection","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0260-6","article-title":"The establishment of resident memory B cells in the lung requires local antigen encounter","volume":"20","author":"Allie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.3.1222","article-title":"Mechanisms of heterosubtypic immunity to lethal influenza A virus infection in fully immunocompetent, T cell-depleted, beta2-microglobulin-deficient, and J chain-deficient mice","volume":"158","author":"Epstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01040-6","article-title":"A guide to adaptive immune memory","volume":"24","author":"Lam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102243","article-title":"Cutting edge: tissue-retentive lung memory CD4 T cells mediate optimal protection to respiratory virus infection","volume":"187","author":"Teijaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402975","article-title":"Airway-resident memory CD8 T cells provide antigen-specific protection against respiratory virus challenge through rapid IFN-gamma production","volume":"195","author":"McMaster","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7600","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17655","article-title":"Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice","volume":"532","author":"Beura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-093019-112809","article-title":"Tissue-resident immune cells in humans","volume":"40","author":"Gray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3589","article-title":"Programs for the persistence, vigilance and control of human CD8+ lung-resident memory T cells","volume":"17","author":"Hombrink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26045-w","article-title":"Antigen presentation by lung epithelial cells directs CD4(+) T(RM) cell function and regulates barrier immunity","volume":"12","author":"Shenoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.032","article-title":"Effector TH17 cells give rise to long-lived TRM cells that are essential for an immediate response against bacterial infection","volume":"178","author":"Amezcua Vesely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0229-2","article-title":"Lung CD4(+) resident memory T cells remodel epithelial responses to accelerate neutrophil recruitment during pneumonia","volume":"13","author":"Shenoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2142","article-title":"Memory CD4+ T cells induce innate responses independently of pathogen","volume":"16","author":"Strutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915681117","article-title":"TRM integrins CD103 and CD49a differentially support adherence and motility after resolution of influenza virus infection","volume":"117","author":"Reilly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160938","article-title":"Specific niches for lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells at the site of tissue regeneration enable CD69-independent maintenance","volume":"213","author":"Takamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI96957","article-title":"Influenza-specific lung-resident memory T cells are proliferative and polyfunctional and maintain diverse TCR profiles","volume":"128","author":"Pizzolla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0320-6","article-title":"Human CD8+ T cell cross-reactivity across influenza A, B and C viruses","volume":"20","author":"Koutsakos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200340","article-title":"Diversity of B cell populations and Ig repertoire in human lungs","volume":"211","author":"Aihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.03.003","article-title":"Secondary influenza challenge triggers resident memory B cell migration and rapid relocation to boost antibody secretion at infected sites","volume":"55","author":"MacLean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382638","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1382638","article-title":"B cells in the pneumococcus-infected lung are heterogeneous and require CD4+ T cell help including CD40L to become resident memory B cells","volume":"15","author":"Etesami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150239","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150239","article-title":"Recruitment and training of alveolar macrophages after pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"7","author":"Arafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-01-624809","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis highlights the conserved difference between embryonic and postnatal-derived alveolar macrophages","volume":"126","author":"Gibbings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2021","article-title":"Trained immunity: adaptation within innate immune mechanisms","volume":"103","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Andr\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00734-z","article-title":"Host-directed immunotherapy of viral and bacterial infections: past, present and future","volume":"23","author":"Wallis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.10.003","article-title":"Host-directed adjunctive therapies in immunocompromised patients with pneumonia","volume":"46","author":"Hensley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542111","article-title":"Time course of procoagulant activity and D dimer in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients at risk for or with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"153","author":"Fuchs-Buder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14693","article-title":"Biological subphenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome may not reflect differences in alveolar inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Heijnen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06898-5","article-title":"Bronchoscopy for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"49","author":"Martin-Loeches","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"8053","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08441-6","article-title":"CD45-PET is a robust, non-invasive tool for imaging inflammation","volume":"639","author":"Salehi Farid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ac1a61","article-title":"Exhaled breath biomarkers of influenza infection and influenza vaccination","volume":"15","author":"Borras","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0224-7","article-title":"Pulmonary monocytes interact with effector T cells in the lung tissue to drive T(RM) differentiation following viral infection","volume":"13","author":"Dunbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0003-x","article-title":"Pulmonary antigen encounter regulates the establishment of tissue-resident CD8 memory T cells in the lung airways and parenchyma","volume":"11","author":"McMaster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272523125001078?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272523125001078?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T19:57:47Z","timestamp":1780257467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272523125001078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272523125001078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-5231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-5231","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Host\u2013Pathogen Interactions Leading to Pneumonia Pathogenesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Chest Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}